Kinds Of Protocols Research Articles

Efficacy and safety of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques for the treatment of nicotine addiction: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) techniques seem to be effective in treating tobacco use disorder. We aimed to analyze what kinds of protocols are used to treat nicotine addiction in term of cessation and/or reduction and to evaluate the long-term effects of NIBS techniques. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for papers published, with combinations of the following search terms: "Non-invasive brain stimulation OR TMS OR transcranial magnetic stimulation OR tDCS OR transcranial direct current stimulation OR transcranial electrical stimulation OR TES AND Nicotine addiction". We conducted a preliminary search, which revealed papers on the topic. Articles were included in the review according to the following inclusion criteria: English language, publication in peer reviewed journals, articles about studies performed on non-invasive brain stimulations techniques, and RCT studies. Studies involving clinical populations with organic or psychiatric diseases were excluded. We found 280 articles. Of these, at the first screening and conducted by title and abstract, 63 studies were excluded after duplicates were removed (118). After the second screening conducted by full-text examination, 45 articles were excluded. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The clinical benefits of NIBS, including the fast onset and minor side effects, showed that this kind of treatment could be helpful in patients with a long history of smoking in terms of cessation and abstinence rates.

On Protocols for Monotone Feasible Interpolation

Dag-like communication protocols, a generalization of the classical tree-like communication protocols, are useful objects in the realm of proof complexity (most importantly for monotone feasible interpolation) and circuit complexity. We consider three kinds of protocols in this article ( d is the degree of a protocol): — IEQ- d -dags: feasible sets of these protocols are described by inequality which means that the feasible sets are combinatorial triangles; these protocols are also called triangle-dags in the literature, — EQ- d -dags: feasible sets are described by equality, and — c -IEQ- d -dags: feasible sets are described by a conjunction of c inequalities. Garg, Göös, Kamath, and Sokolov (Theory of Computing, 2020) mentioned all these protocols, and they noted that EQ- d -dags are a special case of c -IEQ- d -dags. The exact relationship between these types of protocols is unclear. As our main contribution, we prove the following statement: EQ-2-dags can efficiently simulate c -IEQ- d -dags when c and d are constants. This implies that EQ-2-dags are at least as strong as IEQ- d -dags and that EQ-2-dags have the same strength as c -IEQ- d -dags for c ≥ 2 (because 2-IEQ-2-dags can trivially simulate EQ-2-dags). Hrubeš and Pudlák (Information Processing Letters, 2018) proved that IEQ- d -dags over the monotone Karchmer-Wigderson relation are equivalent to monotone real circuits which implies that we have exponential lower bounds for these protocols. Lower bounds for EQ-2-dags would directly imply lower bounds for the proof system R(LIN).

Adaptive time-varying formation tracking for multi-agent systems with input saturation via low-gain feedback approach

In this paper, the time-varying formation tracking problem is addressed for a class of multi-agent systems, in which the input of followers is saturated and the input of the leader is unknown. Based on detectable state and undetectable state, a novel kind of protocols is proposed for solving time-varying formation tracking problem, without using any global information for the agents. Then, using the low-gain feedback approach and the Lyapunov stability theory, we can prove that the protocols steer the followers to accomplish and maintain the expected formation and track the leader under the appropriate assumptions. A numerical simulation is provided to verify the performance and effectiveness of our obtained main results.

Investigating the effects of stimulus duration and inter-stimulus interval parameters on P300 based BCI application performance

The main goal of electroencephalography (EEG) based brain-computer interface (BCI) research is to develop a fast and higher classification accuracy (CA) rate method than those of existing ones. Generally, in BCI applications, either motor imagery or event-related P300 based techniques are used for data recording. The stimulus duration (SD) and the inter-stimulus interval (ISI) are crucial two parameters directly affecting the decision speed of the BCI system. In this study, we investigated the performance of the P300 based application in terms of speed and CA for three kinds of protocols which are called fast, medium, and slow included different SD and the ISI values. The training and test data sets were recorded in one week of delay from 8 subjects. The features were extracted by standard deviation, variance, mean, Wavelet Transform and Fourier Transform techniques. Afterwards, they were classified by the k-nearest neighbor algorithm. We obtained 87.08%, 85.41% and 83.95% average CA rate for the fast, medium, and slow protocols, respectively. The obtained results showed that the proposed fast protocol method achieved CA rate between 78.33% and 93.33%. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the fast protocol values can be used for establishing a more accurate and faster P300 based BCI.

Implementation for Soldier Communication Based on Session Initiation Protocol: A Systematic Literature Review

In tactical networks, group conversation programs are needed, which includes positioning and sharing of information (Situational Awareness information) and Push-to-Talk voice conversation. VoIP has a kind of protocol in order that conversation with the IP network (internet) can engage with every other (connect). There are numerous protocols that have emerged, however together with the improvement of conversation that requires performance and decrease costs, the VoIP protocol emerged, particularly SIP or Session Initiation Protocol. The capability of the SIP protocol can be very appropriate to be used as communication amongst army forces in forested battle areas. The purpose of this paper is to provide an entire and primarily based totally analysis, now no longer best of strategies however additionally of information sources, objectives, date ranges, sorts of information, information frequency, and size accuracy. The paper additionally identifies a few last troubles to be solved as destiny instructions for SIP-primarily based totally soldier communications programs research. There are sixteen recent research on soldier communication from 2016 to 2021 with the shape of a scientific literature review.

P–704 Does the type of ovarian stimulation scheme and dose matter when calculating the amount of gonadotropins used to obtain an egg?

Abstract Study question Is the controlled ovarian stimulation protocol important to determine the ovarian sensitivity index (number of oocytes retrieved / total gonadotropin dose)? Summary answer OSI in an interesting tool in estimating the ovarian sensitivity to exogenous gonadotropins and can be adjusted when different kinds of COS procotols are used. What is known already In our country, Argentina, as the fertility treatments are financed by different health care insurance companies, COS protocols may vary depending on the drugs provided. The objective of our study is to assess the oocyte retrieval number in patients undergoing COS, for IVF or fertility preservation (egg freezing), on the basis of the kind of protocol and the average gonadotropin dose. Study design, size, duration This is a retrospective and descriptive study in which 684 cycles, performed between November 2018 and March 2020, were evaluated. Patients underwent COS for IVF or fertility preservation purposes. Participants/materials, setting, methods COS protocols were analysed including different parameters such as: number of mature follicles (17mm or more) the trigger day, number of oocytes retrieved, number of M2 retrieved, follicle to oocyte index (FOI), and the kind of protocol.Each of these groups were divided into four groups depending on the protocol used. Group A: FSHr; Group B: FSHr/LHr; Group C: FSHr + HMG; Group D: Clomiphene citrate + HMG. Oocyte donors and incomplete medical records were excluded Main results and the role of chance The total number of cycles analysed was 684. There were 135(19.7%) cycles in the under 35 age group; 340(42%) in the 35 to 39 group; 209(38%) in the older than 40 group. They were subdivided in Group A: 54(6.67%) cycles; Group B 93(11.11%) cycles; Group C 465(71.72%); Group D 72(10.5%). A total number of 11351 oocytes were retrieved, with a mean average of 4.6 +- 2.5 SD per patient. Assessment of dose of gonadotropin per oocyte retrieved in each different group: GROUP A 360IU+–38 SD; GROUP B 390IU+–43 SD; GROUP C 375IU +–44 SD; GROUP D 479+–36 SD. Limitations, reasons for caution This is a retrospective study. Further prospective studies and a higher sample size are needed to confirm whether the OSI is a useful tool to adjust gonadotropins doses related to an specific COS protocol and improve the oocyte pick up. Wider implications of the findings: The main conclusion obtained was that the average dose of gonadotropin needed to obtain one mature oocyte was 360 to 390 IU. The HMG and clomiphene citrate protocol needed the highest dose of gonadotropin (479 IU) but no significant stadistical differences were observed. Trial registration number NA

The estimation of the resting metabolic rate is affected by the method of gas exchange data selection in high-level athletes.

there is no consensus in the literature about the best method to estimate the RMR in a high-level athlete's cohort. Additionally, a shortening protocol may allow researchers, nutritionists, and clinicians to follow the RMR across the season and to propose better nutritional interventions, but this kind of protocol was not proposed in this cohort yet. Thus, this study aims to analyze the effect of the method of gas exchange data selection upon the RMR estimate and, possibly propose a shortening protocol with a valid and accurate RMR value. Eighty-three healthy high-level athletes underwent a 30-minute RMR measurement with no rest period before the test. Different methods of gas exchange data selection were used: short and long time intervals (TI) [6-10, 11-15, 16-20, 21-25, 26-30, 6-25, or 6-30], Steady State (SS) with 3, 4, 5, or 10min period length, and Filtering (low, medium, and high). Single and multiple linear regressions were used to examine the variance in the RMR provided by each method of gas exchange data selection. The High Filter method provided the lowest RMR estimate (1854kcal.day-1), and most methods presented a mean absolute difference of ~43kcal.day-1 from the High Filter method. There were no differences in RER among methods (F=2.01, p=0.10). Besides, twenty minutes of gas exchange measurement was necessary to obtain a valid and accurate RMR with no rest period before the test. The linear regression model that included sex, lean body mass, and fat mass better explained the variance in the RMR using the high filter method (~88%). The High Filter provided the lowest RMR value. Furthermore, a 20-minute protocol estimated a valid and accurate RMR value with no acclimation period before the measurement in high-level athletes.

Giant Wilms tumor in a child: Safe radical nephrectomy

Abstract Wilms tumor is the second most common intraabdominal malignancy, and the most common malignant renal tumor in the pediatric age group, accounting for more than 95% of all renal tumors in children. In the last few decades, a significant improvement has been reported in the prognosis of patients with Wilms tumors due to adopting a multidisciplinary treatment approach consisting of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy based on results of sequential trials. Regardless the kind of protocol followed to treat children with Wilms tumor, surgery remains an essential and fundamental step in the overall management. Well performed surgeries following rules of safe tumor excision, evaluation of disease extension and lymph nodes sampling will determine the accurate stage of the disease and decide future therapy. Although Wilms tumors can often grow to very large sizes at time of detection, most are resectable and radical nephrectomy should almost be the initial therapeutic option unless there are indications of delayed resection. We present a giant right sided Wilms tumor that developed in a 16 months old female, where surgical excision was attempted as the initial therapeutic option and discuss the preoperative evaluation, intraoperative details and immediate postoperative outcome.

Comparison Among Cloud Technologies and Cloud Performance

The cloud is the best method used for the utilization and organization of data. The cloud provides many resources for us via the internet. There are many technologies used in cloud computing systems; each one uses a different kind of protocols and methods. Many tasks can execute on different servers per second, which cannot execute on their computer. The most popular technologies used in the cloud system are Hadoop, Dryad, and another map reducing framework. Also, there are many tools used to optimize the performance of the cloud system, such as Cap3, HEP, and Cloudburst. This paper reviews in detail the cloud computing system, its used technologies, and the best technologies used with it according to multiple factors and criteria such as the procedure cost, speed cons and pros. Moreover, A comprehensive comparison of the tools used for the utilization of cloud computing systems is presented.

Consensus of Nonlinear Multiagent Systems With Grouping Via State-Constraint Impulsive Protocols.

In this article, the consensus problem of nonlinear multiagent systems with grouping via state-constraint impulsive protocols is investigated. Two types of cases with and without leader agent are studied by using two kinds of protocols. A judgement strategy is designed to decide to group in the nonlinear multiagent systems, and two kinds of state-constraint impulsive control protocols, which include partial state constraint and full state constraint, are proposed to make this system cut down the cost of communication and reduce irreversible damage to equipment. Then, based on the algebraic graph theory, the Lyapunov stability theory, and the matrix theory, some sufficient conditions are established to deal with the consensus problem in the nonlinear multiagent systems. The presented results can be used to solve the consensus problem in the nonlinear multiagent systems with grouping. Finally, some important simulations are presented to illustrate the feasibility of the theoretical results.

Comparative Study of Conventional Drill Bits and a New Model for Low-rotation in the Surgical Bed Preparation in Bone Blocks for Installation of Dental Implants

Background: Many works in Dentistry have aimed toward improving bone regeneration and oral rehabilitation through techniques, procedures and materials of Implantology. Objective of this study is to comparethe heating intensity of bovine blocks, simulating surgical beds using different drills. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 24 blocks divided into 4 groups with different KOPP brand drill models: G1-Conventional drills without irrigation; G2-Experimental drills without irrigation; G3-Conventional drills with irrigation; G4-Experimental drills with irrigation. Perforations were performed with depths of 1.0 and 5.00 mm, drill rotation speed of 150 rpm and torque of 45 N. Two K-type thermocouples were used to measure the temperature of the bone, with the first in the 1 mm deep perforation and the second in the 5 mm perforation. Results: In comparing the conventional and experimental drills treated with the same kind of protocol there was no statistical difference in the depth of 1 mm (p> 0.05), however a statistical difference was observed at the depth of 5 mm (p Key words: Bone, Dental implants, Irrigation, Osseointegration, Surgical cutters.

Winner-take-all competition with heterogeneous dynamic agents

Winner-take-all competition exists widely in nature and has been applied in many engineering fields. This paper mainly investigates a group of heterogeneous dynamic agents, which produce the winner-take-all competition. For the heterogeneous system consisting of first- and second-order dynamic agents, we propose two different kinds of protocols with and without velocity measurements, respectively. Firstly, we employ the Lasalle’s invariant principle to solve the equilibrium points of the proposed system. Secondly, we prove that the proposed protocols can solve the winner-take-all problems for the heterogeneous systems. The results reveal that winner is independent from the dynamics of agents, but is determined by inputs. Finally, some examples are also gave to verify the validity of the proposed protocols.

Smart Campus: An Experimental Performance Comparison of Collaborative and Cooperative Schemes for Wireless Sensor Network

Presently, the Internet of Things (IoT) concept involves a scattered collection of different multipurpose sensor networks that capture information, which is further processed and used in applications such as smart cities. These networks can send large amounts of information in a fairly efficient but insecure wireless environment. Energy consumption is a key aspect of sensor networks since most of the time, they are battery powered and placed in not easily accessible locations. Therefore, and regardless of the final application, wireless sensor networks require a careful energy consumption analysis that allows selection of the best operating protocol and energy optimization scheme. In this paper, a set of performance metrics is defined to objectively compare different kinds of protocols. Four of the most popular IoT protocols are selected: Zigbee, LoRa, Bluethooth, and WiFi. To test and compare their performance, multiple sensors are placed at different points of a university campus to create a network that can accurately simulate a smart city. Finally, the network is analyzed in detail using two different schemes: collaborative and cooperative.

A comprehensive study on MQTT as a low power protocol for internet of things application

Power consumption has always been a problem in the Internet of Things community, especially for small wireless devices. The devices need something to power them up in the long run. To achieve a sustainable and power-efficient device, there needs to be some kind of protocol which can conserve power, works well on unreliable networks, and does not compromise security. The study was done to compare the power usage of MQTT (Message Queueing Telemetry Transport) protocol with other several lightweight Internet of Things protocols, which are CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) and HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). The comparison was done by measuring the current consumption in each protocols each time the ESP8266 board sends a message to the corresponding server of the protocol in an interval. To conclude, we studied the comparison of power usage in the ESP8266 board with the MQTT protocol and compared it with other protocols.

Quality management for academic laboratories: burden or boon? Professional quality management could be very beneficial for academic research but needs to overcome specific caveats.

EMBO Reports (2018) e47143 Basic and translational biomedical research explores biological and pathophysiological mechanisms with the aim of developing novel therapies, preventive measures, and diagnostics to improve human health. Disappointingly, however, most new therapies fail when they are tested in clinical trials. Although the causes of this “translational attrition” are diverse and often rooted in the complexity of the underlying biology, it has also become clear that methodology is a major issue. The “translational roadblock”, along with what has been dubbed a “reproducibility crisis” [1], has fueled discussions about the reliability and reproducibility of biomedical research in general. There is strong evidence that weaknesses in planning, conducting, analyzing, and (non)reporting of research [2], as well as misidentification or contamination of reagents, biologicals, and cell lines [3], are prevalent factors. Meta‐research has shown that these problems can lead to an inflation of effect size and false positives and consequently decrease the reproducibility and predictiveness of research results. At the same time, the increasing methodological complexity combined with the immense proliferation in research outputs greatly complicates the production and evaluation of reliable evidence. Pressure to publish and hypercompetition for resources further compromise the robustness and rigor of research. Arguably, basic and translational biomedical research has a quality problem. In the 1970s, US cars had major quality problems. By comparison, Japanese cars were much more reliable. The introduction of rigorous quality management in the production process was largely credited for this competitive advantage, which helped the Japanese car industry to dominate the market for decades to come. By now, most industries, including US car manufacturers, the health and pharmaceutical industries as well as clinical medicine, have established sophisticated quality management systems (QMS) on which they spend several percent of their budget. Clearly, these investments pay off as companies …

Optimizing geographic routing protocols for urban VANETs using stigmergy, social behavior and adaptive C-n-F mechanisms: An optimized CLWPR

The most efficient routing protocols in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks are geographic protocols. However, these kinds of protocols communicate a large amount of information which negatively affects the network overhead load. The second major drawback of geographic routing protocols is the Local Maximum Problem. To deal with such problem, some of protocols employ the Carry-and-Forward mechanism by caching data packets, and consequently increasing the packet delivery Fraction, however, this technique decreases the End-to-End Delay performance. These observations motivated our effort to develop three mechanisms to enhance routing in geographic protocols namely: information transport via Stigmergy, Social Behavior and Adaptive Caching Time of the Carry-and-Forward mechanism. Using the three proposed mechanisms, we present an optimized geographic routing protocol called O-CLWPR based on CLWPR which is a recent promising protocol. Simulation results using NS-3 simulator show not only that the overhead load is highly reduced (about 27%), but the number of Local Maximum Problem cases and the End-to-End Delay metrics are also significantly reduced without deteriorating the packet delivery ratio metric.

Practical Guidelines for Perioperative Hypersensitivity Reactions.

Perioperative hypersensitivity reactions constitute a first-line problem for anesthesiologists and allergists. Therefore, hospitals should have a consensus protocol for the diagnosis and management of these reactions. However, this kind of protocol is not present in many hospitals, leading to problems with treatment, reporting of incidents, and subsequent etiological diagnosis. In this document, we present a systematic review of the available scientific evidence and provide general guidelines for the management of acute episodes and for referral of patients with perioperative hypersensitivity reactions to allergy units. Members of the Drug Allergy Committee of the Spanish Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (SEAIC) have created this document in collaboration with members of the Spanish Anesthesia Society (SEDAR). A practical algorithm is proposed for the etiologic diagnosis, and recommendations are provided for the management of hypersensitive patients.

Guaranteed cost consensus for second-order multi-agent systems with heterogeneous inertias

In this paper, the guaranteed cost consensus problem for second-order multi-agent systems with directed topology is considered, in which each agent has a heterogeneous inertia and control gain. The distributed control protocols with the absolute and relative velocity dampings are proposed, respectively. In each kind of protocol, both the communications with and without the input time delay are also considered. By introducing the auxiliary variables and using Lyapunov stability theory, some sufficient conditions are given to achieve the consensus. Moreover, the upper bounds of the guaranteed cost functions are obtained. Finally, some simulation examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.

Rational protocol of quantum secure multi-party computation

In a rational protocol, players are supposed to be rational, rather than honest, semi-honest or dishonest. This kind of protocols is practical and important, but seldom researched in quantum computation field. In this paper, a multifunctional rational quantum secure multi-party computation protocol is investigated. Firstly, a rational quantum summation protocol is proposed. Secondly, the protocol is generalized to a rational quantum multi-party computation protocol. The computation which is homomorphic can be resolved by our protocol. Thirdly, from the view of utilities, correctness, Nash equilibrium and fairness, analyses show that our protocol is rational. Besides, our protocol is also proved to be secure, efficient and practical. Our research will promote the development of rational quantum multi-party protocol.

Bipartite Consensus on Coopetition Networks With Time-Varying Delays

In this paper, the bipartite consensus problem is investigated for multiagent systems with second-order dynamics and antagonistic interactions. We consider bipartite consensus under two kinds of protocols. One is an absolute damping protocol, and the other is a relative damping protocol. When there are no time delays, necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for the system to asymptotically achieve the bipartite consensus under the given protocols. When there are communication delays, sufficient conditions are obtained for the system to asymptotically achieve the bipartite consensus. In case $\mathcal {G} (\mathcal {A})$ is structurally unbalanced, consensus can also be asymptotically achieved, while this case is trivial.