Kind Of Narrative Research Articles

Lu Xun and James Joyce: To Heal the Spirit of a Nation

Although James Joyce and Lu Xun were both writing at a time when a new nation was being created out of former empire, little has been written about the extraordinary synchronicities of their early careers or their common mission. Both understood a new nation must first be created in the hearts and minds of its people. Coming from a medical background, each regarded their countrymen as sick in spirit, paralyzed by slavish dependencies. Joyce saw such servility as fostered by Ireland’s long colonization under the British Crown, a subservience seconded by the “tyranny” of the Roman Catholic Church. For Lu Xun, this spiritual paralysis manifested itself as a legacy of the Confucianism of the late Qing dynasty. Working from a medical model, both writers present a detailed, precise, and cold account of the speech of their characters to reveal the true nature of their disease―while allowing the reader to reach his own diagnosis. By means of this new kind of narrative, both James Joyce and Lu Xun sought to liberate the “soul” or “spirit” of their people, granting them a voice of their own which itself clarified to what extent they had been conscripted by the words of others.

The Interplay of Patents and Competition in the Russian Pharmaceutical Sector: An Everlasting State of Transition

In the last 25 years, Russia has gone through a series of reforms changing dramatically her legal policies towards stimulation of innovation, including reform within the pharmaceutical sector. Throughout the Soviet period, intellectual property did not exist as an instrument of commercialization (much like private property in general), but different forms of competition were widely used to incentivize inventions and new technological developments. An optimal institutional design for innovation and scientific research is a hotly debated topic in the main leading industrial nations. The Russian case, which is still unfortunately mainly neglected in mainstream academic research, could be of great value for this debate in the West. The Russian pendulum’s swing from the Soviet system which abhorred any form of intellectual property rights to incentivize innovation to the extremely broad and pervasive IP protectionist regime introduced throughout the transition period of the recent market reforms – is a unique example of social and economic experimentation and consequently is able to provide invaluable empirical data for further studies of the modern challenges in the sphere of innovation and science. Russia has two important tales to tell about the organization of science and innovation. One is on the socialist experiment and another is the “keep the free market free” kind of narrative. Both cases have particular implications for the modern debate.

Quranic Stories in Introducing Messages and Values: An Analysis on the Story of Prophet Yusuf A.S.

Stories or narratives are among the unique styles used in the Qur‘an which can be found in a variety of ways such as by using dramatic dialogue or characterization. They are not limited to one kind of narrative but many, for example accounts on the Prophets, people in the past and events occurred during the time of the Prophet Muhammad PBUH. Furthermore, the Qur‘an present them with message and values as well as lesson and a reminder to its readers. The story of Prophet Yusuf A.S. is the only story narrated specifically by the Qur‘an in one single surah, accommodates with beautiful and artistic style used in the surah with numbers of message and reminder to be pointed out. Hence, this article attempts to discuss and examine on how the Qur‘an uses stories in introducing message and values by focusing on story of Prophet Yusuf A.S in surah Yusuf.

Coruja, lobisomem, vaga-lume: o traço animal do narrador

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7917.2016v21n1p11O percurso por uma rede de narradores de diferentes épocas encontra um traço de animalidade no olhar e na escritura-flâneur, desde que Restif de la Bretonne propôs, no século XVIII, a associação entre o repórter/narrador e uma ave noturna. Esse rastro orienta a constituição da categoria do narrador-coruja, que coloca em prática um método inumano de olhar as zonas de sombra das cidades. Aqui chamada narrativas do escuro, esta cartografia percorre diversas textualidades interligadas pelo desejo de ver o que está por baixo do cotidiano − de Bretonne e Mercier, passando por Poe, Baudelaire, João do Rio e remetendo a Clarice Lispector. De tempos em tempos, a narrativa coruja desaparece para reaparecer em cada cidade onde haja um andarilho obstinado a ultrapassar a mancha de invisibilidade no olhar humano. As multidões caminham desatentas, ofuscadas pela proliferação de signos e propagandas, marcham para o porvir sem olhar para trás. A coruja não; ela retém o tempo para pressentir os desaparecimentos das singularidades e entrever o que a história do presente diz de mais clandestino, pois como ensina Benjamin (1994b, p. 231), “pensar não inclui apenas o movimento de ideias, mas também sua imobilização”. O passeio pelos primeiros escritores-repórteres permite ensejar que o coruja-flâneur inaugura não apenas a si próprio, mas também esse modo de narrativa calcado em uma poética do olhar para os escombros. A deambulação física o caracteriza, mas não determina a narrativa, assim como não determina a viagem, o deslocamento interior. Antes, a pulsão de ver o desconhecido desperta outras potências obscurecidas, reintegrando-as à percepção dos movimentos urbanos e impulsionando a narrativa a caminhar, ouvir, cheirar, sentir. No voo noturno de olhar pivotante, a literatura anuncia as sobrevivências que não cessam de desaparecer diante do contemporâneo.

New Narratives from the EU External Border – Humane Refoulement?

ABSTRACTThis article discusses changes in the discourse and practice of the EU external border. Findings of a small-scale research project looking at UNHCR’S Border Management and Protection of Refugees (BMPR) programme will discuss developments taking place at the EU external border and will show a new kind of narrative. Institutional cooperation, access to territory and compliance with the principle of non-refoulement seem to have improved. A more empathetic narrative of border security has found its way into institutions of enforcement authorities that primarily follow their mandate of protecting the state’s border and territory. This new narrative is, however, highly politicised and institutionally driven. By taking a more critical view, I introduce the concept of humane refoulement towards the end of the article describing the consequences of this new narrative and denoting it as hypocritical in its nature.

Pre-Positioning the Narrator: Circumspection, Speaking-For, and Foreknowledge in Adalbert Stifter’s “Granit”

This article explores Adalbert Stifter’s “Granit” (1852/53) as a paradigmatic text for tracing the narrator’s position against the backdrop of postclassical narratology. Specifically, the article uses the interrelations of perception, speech, and knowledge in what can be referred to as “prepositional” thought: in notions of circumspection, speaking-for, and foreknowledge as they unfold over the course of the story. By juxtaposing two different kinds of narrators—the first-person frame narrator and the oral storyteller of the embedded stories—“Granit” brings to the fore issues of authority, reliability, and memory. At the same time, it challenges the histoire/discours binary, unsettles any rigid narrator-audience relationship, and presents the grand narrative of a community in dialogue with a personal petit récit.

Investigating students' engagement in epistemic and narrative practices of chemistry in the context of a story on gas behavior

This study investigated secondary school students' engagement in epistemic and narrative practices of chemistry in the context of a chemistry story on gas behavior. Argumentation is an example of an epistemic practice in science and stories are one kind of narrative (Ricoeur, 1981). By using a chemistry story, the authors hoped to engage students in the argumentation processes by linking chemistry knowledge to everyday contexts (Erduran and Pabuccu, 2012). Student group discussions and written frames during the activity were used as data sources. Analysis of these student outcomes concentrated on (a) the nature of the students' discourse; (b) the quality of students' argumentation; and (c) students' conceptual understanding of gas behaviors. The authors categorized the nature of group discourse using five different codes, determined the quality of student argumentation by counting the number of rebuttals, and measured conceptual understanding through students' answers in the writing frames. The results of this study add to the literature seeking to understand how to develop students' engagement in the argumentation process, how to enhance the quality of students' argumentations, and how to improve their conceptual understanding of gas behaviors.

Paesaggi informali. Immagini per un album generazionale (1945–1979)

In the years starting just after WWII up to the nineteen seventies, a sizable group of italian architects, artists, and photographers create a vast amount of graphic, pictorial and photographic images documenting vague or broken traditions, illustrating places of the spirit, indicating emotional geographies, and selecting territories, settlements, artifacts, simple objects and archeological finds that all together could form the material for a generational album.The architect’s interest is not completely coincident with that of an artist or a photographer, who, driven by the desire of being a witness to the changes and promises of those years, is continually exploring the outskirts of the cities and the small inland hamlets. The architect’s concern with traditions of day to day living and building that date back to ancient times, the attraction they feel toward indigenous or informal local architecture, and the generally accepted opinion that the built environment should reflect the history, culture, and climate of that community not only stem from a deep criticism of the Modern Movement but are also a reaction against mass civilization, a refuge from the socio-economic reality of industrialization.Separated from the productive world, architectural culture can’t make decisive choices, and because of this has to keep a strong connection with its history; a history which, however, is not so much a technical and aesthetic issue or an exercise in praise of formal or “authorial” architecture, but the frame for a way of life; the interaction of culture, customs, and environment relative to a specific community. This desire for reality, this necessity for a new and direct contact with the territory, perceived as a valuable workshop for study and research, a stimulus to the use of senses and the development of creative intelligence, converges with the interests of others of the same period, namely the painters and photographers.Their explorations of the reality don’t stem from the intent to create a history or an identity of the various local realities based upon primary facts and individuals but to get records of way of life. The result is a novel approach to archeology: representations of “minor” artifacts and utilitarian structures weathered by time, usage, and neglect. Landscapes to re-invent through the use of a new visual alphabet and a different kind of narration. Architects, artists, and photographers give themselves over to this reality creating imagery that at times may seem unorthodox and erratic but, and most importantly, is historic-archeological (from the constant drawing on the past), and even ethic-onthological (from connecting the past to the present).At the heart of this work there’s the attempt to recognize the multiple intertwinement, the mutual restrictions and the “genetic” differences between the architectual vision developed in the socio-cultural utopies of the period , the inquiring self-reflecting artists’ iconographies and the renewal of representation on the part of photographers, especially in the sixties and seventies of the 19th century. The aim of this investigation is not to present some hidden masterpiece but to follow the change in images — graphic and pictorial works of architects, products of different visual cultures, professional thinking, sensibilities, and knowledge — and using history, explain the reasons for this change. If it is possible to recognize a common trend as to the nature and quality of the relationship between formal and informal landscapes, very different instead is the commitment that architects on one side and artists and photographers on the other make on an aesthetic and methodical level. Starting from this common trend the works of these architects, artists, and photographers may reveal very different approaches but taken as a whole they become an important element in overcoming a culture that is devoid of natural ties with “a society that lays at its feet like an elusive landscape”.

Body as a value in the experience of a disabled person: an axiological analysis of a text published on the website niepełnosprawni.pl/wszystko o niepełnosprawności

AbstractThe objective of this elaboration is to perform an axiological analysis of an opinion of a person with a stoma published on the website niepełnosprawni.pl/wszystko o niepełnosprawności. The analysis will show how the author experienced her own body in various contexts during several years of her disease, e.g. in her family, peer group, sport, hospital, professional work, and moreover - how this kind of narration can be used in the therapeutic process.

Kontinuität und Diskontinuität

In the present paper, the discourse on 'Bildung' as well as the 'Bildungsroman' are presented as attempts of solving the basic cultural and temporal paradoxes of Modernity by conveying social continuity through figures of individual and generational discontinuity. Consequently, the discourse and kinds of narratives on processes of education and individual formation are analyzed with regard to problems of the respective social times, mainly led on by Rousseau's Emile, Defoe's Robinson Crusoe and Goethe's Wilhelm Meister

Between truth and memory: images in Lithuanian historical documentaries in post-communist transformation period

The goal of this paper is to reveal how and why the circulation of the same historical images takes place; whose values and, simultaneously, memory are conveyed through these images; what is the relationship between the audiovisual representation of the past and collective memory? The article states that manifestations of the visual stereotypes of Lithuania history in post-communist transformation period (1988–2004) are mainly based on certain cinematic tendencies. Historical films that are considered to be an adaptation of the national narrative cinematography have been predominant since 1988. This kind of narration is characterized by validation of history as a national value, formation of national identity and its stabilization rather than diversification and correction of the collective memory or the development of critical thinking. The current documentary material that is based on the understanding of history as a myth of the nation’s history is not aimed at creating a new visual and verbal narration about the realities of the past, but rather at recognizing what has been said and made in the previous works.

Entre fato e ficção: personagens compostos e fictícios ou fraude em jornalismo?

Placed between Literature and Journalism by amalgamating fact checking to the narrative aesthetics of fiction, Literary Journalism faces the challenge of producing works of ambiguous character. One of the factors in this dispute is the use of composite characters, created by combining biographic features of a number of sources in a single person. In this paper we discuss the borders between fact and fiction in this kind of narrative in two instances. The first is a historical one, with a focus on the profiles about Hugh Griffin Flood by American reporter Joseph Mitchell (1908-1996) published in the New Yorker magazine in the 1940s. The second one puts an emphasis on the separation between real and fake characters, treated as fraud in the press from the 1980s due to cases such as those of The Washington Post reporter Janet Cooke and The New York Times reporter Jason Blair, in 2003.

Das Ereignis von Edirne (1703)

Abstract The 1703 rebellion, known as the ‚Event of Edirne‘ or as the ‚Event of Feyżullāh Efendi‘, challenged the Ottoman state. It resulted in the killing of the Grand Mufti Feyżullāh Efendi (1639–1703), who had been despised by various insurgent groups at the court for his nepotism, the deposition of the ruling sultan Muṣṭafā II, and the ascension of his brother Aḥmed III to the throne. In his treatise ‚Feyżullāh Efendi Vaḳʿası‘, the court chronicler Muṣṭafā Naʿīmā Efendi (1655–1716) addresses the ruler and important dignitaries with his description of this event. As it was the contemporary custom, the treatise bears strong didactic features. Naʿīmā relied on astrological interpretations in order to explain the cause of the rebellion. This kind of narrative is a particular feature of Naʿīmā‘s modus operandi, on which this article will focus. It examines how Naʿīmā, in his role as the official historiographer, applies this explanation by use of narrative elements, and goes on to examine the institutional significance of astrology in the context of Ottoman court culture. It is obvious that Naʿīmā perceived the rebellion as an experience of contingency. According to his analysis, however, the 1703 rebellion was not the inevitable outcome of mismanagement at court, but could rather have been foreseen years ago by means of astrological calculations. Based on this reasoning, the historiographer was able to provide Ottoman rule with the required continuity, i.e. its legitimization.

Washington and Welch Talk About Race Public Health, History, and the Politics of Exclusion.

This article shows how history can be used as a tool to influence political debate. Public health education over the radio became remarkably popular in the United States in the years leading up to World War II. Lectures, monologues, round tables, question and answer sessions, and dramas were all used by health departments to communicate ideas and knowledge about preserving health. In Baltimore, Maryland, a radio series called Keeping Well began in 1932 and ran until 1957. From 1939, 15-minute weekly dramas were broadcast that adopted many of the tropes of contemporary entertainment programs. Some of these dramas were based on interpretations of past events and imposed a particular kind of narrative of medical and social progress that reflected the wider purpose of educational radio programming to uplift and reform listeners. This article demonstrates how public health administrators manipulated historical narratives and fictionalized history for their own purposes. This manipulation was particularly evident in regard to divisive issues such as residential segregation, whereby the public health dramas downplayed Baltimore's troubled encounter with race and health.

Telling tales: using stories to remake energy policy

To benefit and protect the populace, government policies often promise aspirational changes to current practice. Different kinds of narratives are important in the framing, explanation, motivation, and understanding of policies and strategies. For example, the UK government's 2008 Climate Change Act proclaimed that all new homes will be zero carbon by 2016. This ‘hero story’, where society is ‘saved’ by clever technologies, is inspiring, positive and familiar. An alternative is the ‘learning story’, where things are not quite as simple as they first seemed. In a learning story, protagonists are normal people who need to overcome a challenge. In energy policy, the learning story could address the gap between the technical potential and what is achieved in practice. Three real-world examples from retrofit and new-build projects are used to show how implicit narratives can create conflict when the tellers (e.g. researchers) have to tell one kind of story but have data for the other. Recommendations are provided for a balanced approach to the deployment of different kinds of tales by policy-makers, researchers, implementers and users. Harnessing the learning story and developing a ‘caring story’ could motivate policy-makers and the public to invest effort in building performance.

Narrate or describe?

This article explores certain aspects of narrative construction in the light of theories and disciplines such as Structuralism and Narratology; and writers/thinkers including Marcel Proust, Balzac, Stendhal, Gérard Genette, Mikhail Bakhtin, and Georg Lukács. It investigates, inter alia, how certain kinds of narratives (in this case, ‘free-indirect discourse’) allow for a special, more fluid, means of registering and recording phenomena and presences in language, how such narratives come to be constructed, and how qualities such as lightness, speed, and multiplicity are harmonised to create the unique atmosphere, that is also the language, of a work of fiction. The essay looks at the techniques of narrative construction from several theoretical points of view, including, Structuralist, Postcolonial, and Marxist theory. The essay also deals with certain technical and stylistic considerations that may arise from the author writing outside his or her native language or tradition, and how, in at least the present case, employing ‘free-indirect discourse’ offered more creative freedom to negotiate the gaps between language and landscape while at the same time enhancing the texture of the narrative through multiple perspectives and temporal and spatial fluidity.

Texts by J. Rowling’s Fans as Means of Conveying Subcultural Values

The article covers the process of evolution of J. Rowling’s fans’ verbal creative work. The research is devoted to a variety of texts made by fans including forms of Internet-lore and fanfiction, a phenomenon close both to literature and folklore by nature, a kind of narratives developing on the Internet and highly popular with avid admirers of the Harry Potter series. The author has been observing the subculture of Harry Potter fans since 2003 and has made a number of important conclusions about the nature of fanfiction, its genres, its connection to the original books by J. Rowling on the level of interpreting mythological archetypes and attitudes of fanfiction author’s to Rowling’s style and set of values. The article regards the above mentioned problems following the author’s earlier thesis and focuses on the modern stage in the development of fans’ texts including memes and demotivators posted by users of social networking services and conveying the values already expressed in the older form of subcultural creative work—fanfiction.

Digital archives and open archival practices

This special issue has grown out of a shared interest by the guest editors in digital archives and the affordances of digital technologies upon archival practices, including the archiving of creative process. Situated within two different but complementary disciplines, film (Atkinson) and dance (Whatley), our aim in this issue has been to bring together a range of viewpoints and perspectives that represents a range of specialisms and subject domains. In conjunction with the fourth in the series of ‘Digital Echoes’ symposia at Coventry University, UK, in January 2014, which brought together a range of speakers and delegates from a broad cross section of the arts, we invited contributions that would capture some of the initiatives and dialogues that are taking place in archival practices within the digital environment. In line with the journal’s title, the convergence between scholars, arts professionals and digital experts has led to a very rich corpus of papers that cover a range of territories and speak to the shift from the closed to the open and from the traditional single-user archive model to emerging multi-user, collaborative forms of archival practices and scholarship. The collection explores how digital preservation and presentation of archival materials dramatically impacts upon the nature and notion of access and how the types of discoveries, insights and findings made through online digital interfaces can be radically altered. We were delighted that the call for contributions to this issue elicited a large number of submissions and what we include here is just a selection of what could have represented this lively area of activity. We are pleased that we are able to bring together an international group of writers, thus demonstrating how there are common and convergent themes within the broad frame of archival practice. Some articles focus on a very specific collection or art form/practice, whilst others offer a more expansive theorization of a body of work. Some are grounded in a particular community or social context and show how digital technologies have the potential to create or reveal new kinds of narratives. Within this mix, several draw on photographic archives as a source but the range of

Sons of problem-drinking fathers: Narratives on the father–son relationship

While family relations can at best offer attachment, love, and nurture, at worst they can be enervating, neglectful, and oppressive. In this article, narratives on the father–son relationship in the context of the father’s alcohol problems are identified and discussed. Adult sons who have lived with problem-drinking fathers are given a voice through interviews, and their life stories explored. What kinds of narratives are found in sons’ life stories that deal with the father–son relationship? How has the relationship evolved, including emotionally, during the son’s life? The study data comprise life story interviews (N = 21) with men aged 21–42 years. The narrative analysis yielded four types of story about the father–son relationship during the son’s life course: Narrative of Fondness, Narrative of Irritation, Narrative of Melancholy, and Narrative of Hatred. The study reveals the centrality of different emotions and the dynamic nature of relationships in these narratives on challenging family relations.

Il digitale del romanzo. Primi appunti sulla narrativa 'camera eye'

The essay deals with the historical and theoretical issue of the (so-called) camera eye technique, which has been spreading since about 1950. It is a kind of narrative (something like a codified situation) which merges subjectivity with objectivity, involvement of the narrator with impersonality, and often cancels the opposite characteristics of the two poles. However, the realm in which this way of forming the storyworld is located is probably in relation to first-person texts, to a very atypical form of homodiegesis.