Kinds Of Mixtures Research Articles

Monitoring sodium caseinate and whey protein isolate interaction with mild preheat treatment using ultrasound spectroscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy

Ultrasound spectroscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) methods were developed to visualize the interaction between sodium caseinate (SC) and whey protein isolate (WPI) with a mild preheat treatment (57°C, 10 min) followed by adding glucono-δ-lactone (GDL). Ultrasonic velocity changes during incubation at 25°C after adding GDL for four kinds of mixtures (no-treated SC plus no-treated WPI, preheated SC plus no-treated WPI, no-treated SC plus preheated WPI and preheated SC plus preheated WPI) were monitored. The results reveal that the mild preheating treatment of the proteins affected the timing of the increase in compressibility of each system. CLSM observation with individualized dyes which have different maxima of excitation and emission wavelengths, showed the preheated SC plus no-treated WPI mixture had a slightly coarse structure and the highest correlation coefficient, suggesting the highest colocalization of the SC and WPI among the four kinds of mixed-protein systems. Furthermore, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation suggests that there are some differences among the gels, namely, preheated WPI leads to the formation of developed three-dimensional gel networks with filamentous structures, whereas SC promotes the formation of cluster-like crowded networks composed of more fine aggregated particles instead of developed filamentous structures. These results demonstrated that although SC is known as a heat-stable protein, pretreated SC could lead to an increase of the collaboration with WPI in the presence of GDL. This finding anticipated the possibility creating a food material with another texture using a milk-protein mixed system.

Exploring the Characteristics and Applications of Eucheuma Cottonii Seaweed Flour in Crepe Production

These days, people eat to focus on their hunger, meet their nutritional needs, and lower their risk of illness. People are conscious of nutritional facts. Individuals are beginning to read the ingredients listed on every food product they purchase and see if it's good for their health. A wide range of food products that compromise diet benefits and health and provide basic nourishment has been developed in response to public demand. Until now, very little research has been done on substituting Eucheuma cottonii (E. cottonii) powder for wheat flour to make crepes. Crepe is a dessert that is filled with many kinds of mixtures. Seaweed has a relatively high nutritional fiber content and is high in carbohydrates. Seaweed's economic and practical worth can be raised by turning Eucheuma cottonii seaweed into flour to substitute wheat flour for crepe.
 Consequently, the current study's objectives were to create a seaweed crepe recipe using powdered seaweed and assess the effects of E. cottonii powder on the physical and chemical qualities of biscuits, such as their texture profile, proximate analysis, sensory attributes, and physical characteristics. The same ingredients used in preparing homemade crepes were also used in the seaweed crepe recipe. Nevertheless, more of Eucheuma cottonii (E. cottonii varies the ingredients' amount and ratio, including cottony seaweed powder. Significant changes were made to the physicochemical properties of the crepe formulation by adding powdered seaweed. Adding seaweed flour to the crepe's recipe also impacted the crepe's appearance, taste, consistency, sweetness, and aroma. This study aims to investigate the culinary potential of seaweed flour and offer a nutrient-rich substitute for regular crepe flour.

Study on performance deterioration regularity of hot regenerated asphalt mixture under multiple aging factors

Several elements, including ultraviolet light, humidity, temperature, vehicle load, etc., have an impact on the asphalt pavement concurrently during the road service process, gradually diminishing the road’s service level. The self-created Life Cycle Analysis System (LCAS) was employed to simulate the cumulative effects of multiple aging components during the service process. The freeze–thaw splitting test, dynamic creep test, and notched semi-circular bending test were conducted after the hot recycled and the fresh asphalt mixtures were subjected to varying durations of simulated aging. The results indicate that initially, the road performance of the hot recycled asphalt mixture is comparable to the fresh asphalt mixture. However, the fresh asphalt mixture outperforms the hot recycled mixture in all but water stability over time. The attenuation degree of the flow number (FN) differs by 22.5% between the two kinds of mixtures, while the fracture energy differs by 53.3%. The performance of the hot recycled asphalt mixture degrades much more rapidly than that of the fresh asphalt mixture. The LCAS method can well simulate the actual service environment of asphalt pavement constructed with RAP materials and provide help for the performance evaluation of RAP pavement in road engineering and subsequent related research.

The Product Acceptance Preferences of Gayo Arabica Coffee Brewing with Additional Fruit and Spices Variants

There have been significant changes to coffee-drinking cultures worldwide regarding how and where to consume coffee. The increase in coffee enthusiasts, how to enjoy coffee is also growing, starting from the addition of milk, chocolate, and various kinds of mixtures that follow existing local trends and wisdom. The purpose of this study is to analyze the product acceptance preferences of Gayo arabica coffee brewing with additional fruit and spices variants using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method. In this study, there were 5 products analyzed, namely a mixture of espresso with sap (nirapresso), a mixture of espresso with sweet orange (orangepresso), a mixture of espresso with lime (limaupresso), a mixture of espresso with lemongrass (serehpresso) and a mixture of espresso with nutmeg (palapresso). The espresso used in this study was 30 ml, with the addition of fruit and spice extracts of 30 ml, 45 ml, and 60 ml for each product. The results showed that the panellists had different preferences for each alternative type of brewing. The alternatives of each product were obtained that nirapresso had the highest acceptance preference for the addition of 45 ml of sap, orangepresso with the addition of 60 ml of sweet orange, lime with the addition of 60 ml of lime, lemongrass with the addition of 60 ml of lemongrass, and palapresso with the addition of 30 ml of nutmeg.

Polymer-Based High Diffraction Efficiency and High Resolution Volume Holographic Transmission Gratings

We report on the optical characterization of very high-efficiency and high-resolution holographic volume phase transmission gratings. The gratings are recorded in a new photo-polymerizable mixture made by epoxy-resin and multi-acrylate. The epoxy-resin used is known to make tenacious acrylate-based films. The holographic mixture contains two photo-initiators, the synergic effect of which enables a reliable photo-polymerization process in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The recorded holograms are mechanically stable, show long-term temporal stability and very high values of diffraction efficiency, coupled with good angular selectivity due to a relatively narrow band of wavelengths. We measured the intensity of the transmitted beam and calculated the intensity of the diffracted beam at different wavelengths, deriving the refractive index modulation and the grating pitch by fitting the experimental data with a slightly modified theoretical approach. These kind of mixtures can be used in several fields of application, such as chemical or bio-sensors, high resolution optical sensors, high-density optical data storage, encryption and security.

The composition and stability of demographic integration through gentrification

ABSTRACT Gentrification, the increase of land values and resident socioeconomic status in previously low-income neighborhoods, is related to the emergence of demographically mixed White neighborhoods. But questions remain as to what kinds of mixtures (White/Black, White/Hispanic, or White/Asian) gentrification facilitates and how stable they are over time. To address this limitation, this study utilizes Census and American Community Survey data for metropolitan areas from 1980 to 2010. We use a typology of racial/ethnic neighborhoods by composition to determine what kind of demographic integration, if any, results from gentrification and how stable it is over time. Using hybrid fixed effects logistic regression to control for modeled and unmodeled factors, we find gentrification is associated with the emergence of mixed-White-and-Black and mixed-White-and-Hispanic neighborhoods, but not mixed White-and-Asian/Pacific Islander neighborhoods. Using conventional logistic regression, we find gentrification that began in the 1980s is related to the long-term integration of Whites with Hispanics and Blacks.

Peningkatan Efisiensi Penggunaan Bahan Bakar Terhadap Produktivitas Hasil Proses Penyulingan Sereh Wangi Menggunakan Sistem Kohabasi Untuk Mendukung Kegiatan Agro-Industri

One way to isolate essential oils from essential oil-producing plants is by distillation. Distillation is the separation of components in the form of a liquid consisting of two or more kinds of mixtures based on differences in boiling points. The process is carried out on essential oils that are not soluble in water. The distillation process that has been used so far is by using steam and water, because the equipment construction is cheaper and simpler. However, steam and water distillation has a disadvantage, namely that it requires more water vapor. This will result in a certain amount of steam condensing in the plant tissue so that the material will get wetter so that it will increase the use of fuel and will reduce the productivity of the distillation process. To overcome this, it is necessary to strive for a more effective distillation system.This research was conducted with the aim of increasing the combustion efficiency of the essential plant distillation process, namely citronella, so that it is expected to increase the productivity of the distillation. This research was carried out by changing the distillation system using the cohobation system. Boyolali.The results showed that the efficiency of the kohobasi furnace distillation system was 0.85% higher than the steam distillation system, these results were in line with the productivity level of the citronella oil distillation production process, so for the work program of the Guli Village Government it was recommended to use the kohobasi furnace distillation system

Analisis Penambahan Zat Aditif pada Bio Solar terhadap Opasitas Kendaraan Bermesin Diesel

This study aims to find out the effect of mixing biodiesel and additives with various kinds of mixtures on the exhaust gas opacity of a 4-stroke diesel engine. In this study, two variations of the ratio of the mixture of bio-diesel and additives were used, namely bio-diesel with a mixture ratio of 2.5%: 97.5% and a mixture ratio of 1.25%: 98.75% for additives and bio-diesel. The method used in this study uses an experimental method where the data collection process is carried out through observation and documentation. Data collection was carried out 5 times a repetition using the Opacity Smoke Meter tool. From the results of the study, the variation of the mixture of 2.5%: 97.5% resulted in the lowest average exhaust gas opacity value, where there was a decrease in exhaust gas opacity by 20.8% compared to standard conditions (without the addition of additives). From the results of this study, it can be concluded that there is an impact of adding additives to biodiesel on exhaust gas opacity where the more additives added to biodiesel will further reduce exhaust gas opacity in vehicles with diesel engines.

Assessment of resistance to permanent deformations of asphalt mixes of low air void content

Abstract This article presents the issue of resistance to permanent deformations of bridge pavements. In Europe, bridge asphalt pavement usually consists of the wearing course and the protective layer, which are paved on the waterproofing. Protective layers of bridge pavement are often constructed using low air void asphalt mixes. Such mixes are characterized by water-tightness, resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions, and enhanced fatigue life. Due to increased binder content, asphalt mixes for bridge pavement may display reduced resistance to permanent deformations. The article presents the test results of resistance to permanent deformations of asphalt mixes for bridge pavement. The study compares the rutting resistance for mixture use with low air void content. This specific kind of mixtures are dedicated to pavements on bridge deck. In this study, the resistance to permanent deformations was tested depending on the content of grit structure and air void content. Laboratory test results were compared for stone mastic asphalt and asphalt concrete, characterized by low air void content. Resistance to permanent deformations was assessed using the cyclic uniaxial compression (dynamic load creep) method. On the basis of analysis of the test results, it was shown that resistance of asphalt mixes to permanent deformations depends most of all on the type of mix designed and the air void content.

Investigation on the effect of mixtures physical properties on cycle efficiency in the CO2-based binary mixtures Brayton cycle

S–CO2 recompression Brayton cycle has attracted much attention with the development of compact heat exchangers. However, the critical point of CO2 is a constraint on the minimum cycle condition. Mixing additional gas into pure CO2 working fluids could reduce the critical point and bring improvement potential of the cycle efficiency. However it is not determined what kind of mixtures can improve cycle efficiency; and there is no criterion for choosing proper binary mixtures components. In this study, the feasibility of using mixtures physical properties as criterion to judge if CO2-based binary mixtures can improve cycle efficiency is discussed. The detail parametric study is performed to reveal the effects of mixtures physical properties on the performance of cycle efficiency. According to the analysis results achieved, three factors have been identified to have significant contributions to the improvement of the cycle efficiency: the entropy difference of a certain temperature range of CO2-based binary mixtures should be larger than that of S–CO2, the specific heat capacity within the temperature range of the compressor and cycle minimum pressure should be higher, and the maximum enthalpy of CO2-based binary mixtures should be lower than that of S–CO2.

An Experimental Study of Sand–Clay Mixtures Contaminated with Lead and Zinc Heavy Metals

Abstract This study aims to investigate the geotechnical and chemical properties of sand–clay mixtures contaminated with lead and zinc. To prepare the specimens, two kinds of mixtures were studied....

Kinetical Study, Thermo-Mechanical Characteristics and Recyclability of Epoxidized Camelina Oil Cured with Antagonist Structure (Aliphatic/Aromatic) or Functionality (Acid/Amine) Hardeners.

In an attempt to prepare sustainable epoxy thermosets, this study introduces for the first time the idea to use antagonist structures (aromatic/aliphatic) or functionalities (acid/amine) as hardeners to produce reprocessable resins based on epoxidized camelina oil (ECMO). Two kinds of mixtures were tested: one combines aromatic/aliphatic dicarboxylic acids: 2,2′-dithiodibenzoic acid (DTBA) and 3,3′-dithiodipropionic acid (DTDA); another is the combination of two aromatic structures with acid/amine functionality: DTBA and 4-aminophenyl disulfide (4-AFD). DSC and FT-IR analyses were used as methods to analyze the curing reaction of ECMO with the hardeners. It was found that the thermosets obtained with the dual crosslinked mechanism needed reduced curing temperatures and reprocessing protocols compared to the individual crosslinked thermosets. Thanks to the contribution of disulfide bonds in the network topology, the obtained thermosets showed recycling ability. The final thermomechanical properties of the virgin and mechanical reprocessed materials were analyzed by DMA and TGA. The obtained thermosets range from elastomeric to rigid materials. As an example, the ECMO/DTBA704-AFD30 virgin or reprocessed thermosets have tan δ values reaching 82–83 °C. The study also investigates the chemical recycling and the solvent resistance of these vitrimer-like materials.

Research on the road performance of resin bio-oil mixtures

In recent years, resin asphalt and bio-oil have been widely used to improve various properties of asphalt concrete. The road performance of homemade resin bio-oil able to completely replace petroleum asphalt was explored in this study. The homemade resin bio-oil, 90# neat asphalt, and SBS-modified asphalt were used to perform the Marshall test to determine the mix ratio and optimal binder content. Then, the three kinds of mixtures were tested for dynamic modulus, flow test, and semicircular bend tests to explore their road performance. The experimental results show that the homemade resin bio-oil mixture has better resistance to deformation at high temperature and incomparable crack resistance under extremely low temperature conditions compared with the other two kinds of petroleum asphalt mixtures.

LIQUID CRYSTAL AS SOLAR CELL CONCENTRATION

In this work, a solar concentrator was constructed using liquid crystalline material of the isotropic type to increase the efficiency of the solar cell. Two different concentrations of this liquid crystal were prepared and mixed with epoxy resin to manufacture the plates with an equal area of solar cell space. having Considered this kind of mixture, it was found that a high concentration of this material has contributed to increase the efficiency of the solar cell from 8.51 to 10.85, were also calculated the absorption, fluorescence spectra, short circuit current (Isc), open circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor(FF).

Comparative study on the mechanical properties of base mixture using continuous and discontinuous paving technologies

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to compare the mechanical properties of continuous and discontinuous paving base mixtures. Two groups of different types of mixtures of upper and lower layers are designed. Two different forming methods are used for each type to simulate the construction process of double layer continuous and discontinuous paving. Then, unconfined compressive strength, splitting shear strength and flexural tensile strength were tested under two curing periods (7 and 30 days) and three test temperatures (room temperature, low temperature and freeze–thaw). According to the results, it is concluded that under the same curing time and test temperature, continuous paving can significantly improve the mechanical properties of the base, especially the shear and bending properties. The mechanical properties of the specimens with two kinds of mixtures at continuous paving are as follows: the increase percent of the unconfined compressive strength was 10.39%−38.65%, the increase percent of the shear strength was 88.89%−425%, and the increase percent of the flexural tensile strengths were 34.01%−50.57%. The increase of strength at low temperature and the decrease of strength under freezing-thawing condition are smaller than those of discontinuous samples. The research results can provide a technical basis for the design and construction of the base layer of discontinuous and continuous paving technology with different mixture composition. The purpose of this study is to compare the mechanical properties of continuous and discontinuous paving base mixtures. Two groups of different types of mixtures of upper and lower layers are designed. Two different forming methods are used for each type to simulate the construction process of double layer continuous and discontinuous paving. Then, the mechanical properties of the mixtures were evaluated. The results indicated that under the same curing time and test temperature, continuous paving can significantly improve the mechanical properties of the base, especially the shear and bending properties. For the continuous paving, the increase percent of the unconfined compressive strength was 10.39%–38.65%, the increase percent of the shear strength was 88.89%–425%, and the increase percent of the flexural tensile strengths were 34.01%–50.57%. The research results can provide a technical basis for the design and construction of the base layer of discontinuous and continuous paving technology with different mixture composition.

Novel mixtures of Italian ryegrass and winter cereals: influence of ensiling on nutritional composition, fermentation characteristics, microbial counts and ruminal degradability

The study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the nutrient content, fermentation characteristics, microbial counts, and ruminal degradability of two mixtures of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and winter cereal silages. Two mixtures (mixture A: Italian ryegrass, triticale, oats, wheat and barley; and mixture B: Italian ryegrass and oats) were wilted and ensiled in laboratory‐scale silos without additives. At the end of 90 d fermentation mixture B silage had higher (p < .05) dry matter (DM), ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents than mixture A silage. The pH value of mixture B was higher (p < .05) than mixture A silage. Mixture A had higher lactate, acetate and ethanol contents than mixture B. However, mixture B had higher NH3-N (day 14) than mixture A silage. The mould and yeast count (Log10 CFU g−1) was higher (p < .05) for mixture A than mixture B at opening day 7. The in situ incubation revealed that potentially degradable fraction (b) of DM, CP and NDF was 39.41%, 43.59%, 80.23% (mixture A) and 39.16%, 32.39%, 94.35% (mixture B). The effective protein degradability (EPD) at 0.08 rumen outflow rates was 67.26% (mixture A) and 67.19% (mixture B). These results suggest that with the proper stage of harvesting, Italian ryegrass and winter cereal mixtures were fermented well. This kind of mixtures can be ensiled without additives in the future. The high potentially degradable NDF and effective protein degradability implies that this mixture could be included successfully in high-yielding dairy cattle diets. Highlights Italian ryegrass and winter cereal mixtures are well preserved without additives and it saves the cost of additives for dairy farmers. The ensiled mixtures have high potentially degradable NDF and effective protein degradability, which improve dry matter intake, milk production and increase the net return of farm. The mixture forage can be double-cropped with corn for silage making, which can have both environmental and economic benefits if the ensiled mixture yields are enough to cover expenses.

Enhancing anaerobic degradation of oily sludge using subcritical hydrothermal pretreatment.

Oily sludge is a kind of mixture that is extremely harmful to the environment. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a commonly used method for biodegrading oily sludge. However, the AD treatment cycle is usually long and inefficient. Here, we developed an approach to improve the degradation rate of oily sludge by integrating subcritical hydrothermal pretreatment (SHP) and AD. First, using SHP, the hydrocarbon compounds with long carbon chains that make up oil sludge were decomposed into hydrocarbons with short carbon chains, which are conducive to microbial decomposition and transformation. Then, AD was performed using a variety of temperature and solid-liquid ratio parameters. The results showed that the degradation ratio of oily sludge was higher when SHP was combined with AD than when no pre-treatment was performed. Optimal degradation was reached by performing SHP to obtain CHS8, then performing AD at 30°C using a 1:5 solid-liquid ratio. Under these conditions, maximum degradation ratios of 69·00% of TOC, 59·02% of COD, 44·68% of ammonia and 54·24% of oil content were reached. In conclusion, after SHP with 8% dilute sulphuric acid, most of the macromolecular hydrocarbons in the oily sludge were converted into smaller molecules, which facilitated subsequent microbial decomposition. The results showed that this combination of SHP and AD processes promotes more efficient degradation than a conventional single AD process without any hydrothermal pretreatment. Our experiments provide technical support for enhancing the rapid degradation of oily sludge.

Tree diversity and the temporal stability of mountain forest productivity: testing the effect of species composition, through asynchrony and overyielding

Climate change modifies ecosystem processes directly through its effect on environmental conditions, but also indirectly by changing community composition. Theoretical studies and grassland experiments suggest that diversity may increase and stabilize communities’ productivity over time. Few recent studies on forest ecosystems suggested the same pattern but with a larger variability between the results. In this paper, we aimed to test stabilizing diversity effect for two kinds of mixtures (Fagus sylvatica–Quercus pubescens and F. sylvatica–Abies alba), and to assess how climate may affect the patterns. We used tree ring data from forest plots triplets distributed along a latitudinal gradient across French Alps, adapting NBE approach to study temporal stability. We found that diversity effect on stability in productivity varies with stand composition. Most beech-fir stands showed a greater stability in productivity over time than monocultures, while beech-oak stands showed a less stable productivity. Considering nonadditive effects, no significant trends were found, regardless of the type of mixed stands considered. We further highlighted that these patterns could be partially explained by asynchrony between species responses (notably to variation in temperature or precipitation), overyielding and climatic conditions. We also showed that the intensity of the diversity effect on stability varies along the ecological gradient, consistently with the stress gradient hypothesis for beech in beech-oak forests, but not for beech-fir forests. This study showed the importance of the species identity on the relationships between diversity, climate and stability of forest productivity. Better depicting diversity and composition effects on forest ecosystem functioning appears to be crucial for forest managers to promote forest adaptation and maintain timber resource in the context of ongoing climate change.

ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНА ТВОРЧА МАЙСТЕРНЯ «ТЕАТР У КОШИКУ»: ЗАСОБИ ПЛАСТИЧНОЇ ВИРАЗНОСТІ

Мета статті – виявити й охарактеризувати засоби пластичної виразності вистав та моновистав експериментальної творчої майстерні «Театру у кошику». Методологія дослідження. Застосовано метод системного мистецтвознавчого аналізу й описовий метод (для інтерпретації та аналізу індивідуальних прийомів пластичної режисури І. Волицької), компаративний метод (для виявлення особливостей пластичного вираження вистав «Театру у кошику» та простеження внутрішніх зв’язків між використаними режисером засобами зовнішньої виразності й сенсово-смисловим звучанням сценічного твору) та ін. Наукова новизна. Розглянуто засоби пластичної виразності експериментальної творчої майстерні «Театру у кошику», використані в процесі постановки вистав і моновистав театру; виявлено особливості режисури І. Волицької та проаналізовано їхні пластичний та інтерактивний складники. Висновки. Дослідження принципів і методів пластичної виразності експериментальних українських театрів на матеріалі постановок «Театру у кошику» виявило, що естетика української пластичної режисури трансформується під впливом сучасного візуального образу – сценічне мистецтво поєднує досвід минулого й теперішнього як частину постійного розвитку. Українська театральна сцена на сучасному етапі – своєрідне поєднання трансформацій і мутацій, оскільки режисери-постановники не обмежуються національним культурним спадком у процесі пошуків універсальної мови, спільних кодів, що стають джерелом натхнення та чуттєвості в творчості, відшукуючи новаторські естетичні форми постановок. Візуально-пластична образність стала основним об’єктом дослідження та експериментів режисера-постановника І. Волицької, яка перетворює наративний та образний простір на простір абстрактний. Тенденції обміну та взаємодії між різними елементами театрального мистецтва чітко відображені в сучасному українському експериментальному театрі, вони є умовою безперервного розвитку і за формою, і за змістом.

Technical system, key scientific problems and technical frontier of long-life pavement

The development of long-life pavement is the most effective means to reduce the resource consumption of road construction and maintenance. It can also relieve the traffic congestion which is caused by large and medium scale maintenance of pavement, and improve the road capacity and road network transportation efficiency. In this paper, the basic characteristics of long-life pavement were illustrated, and the current technology system of long-life pavement was introduced. The key technical problems and main scientific problems of the long-life pavement structure design, the design and development of durable pavement materials, and the pavement maintenance management and large and medium scale maintenance were analyzed. The results indicated that the pavement structure is a large scale spatial three-dimensional structure although it is simple in geometry. It is necessary to select three-dimensional elastic mechanics theory or even more complicated mechanical theory to analyze its mechanical response. The pavement materials exhibit the viscoelastic plastic characteristics, because most of the pavement materials use asphalt as binder. Therefore, only the visco-elastic- plastic mechanics theory can accurately describe the mechanical behavior of the pavement. Moreover, under the multi- physics coupling effects of temperature, humidity, ultraviolet rays and ice, snow, water, steam, the scientific problems inherent in the pavement structure are very complex. The material used for pavement is a kind of mixture with multi-phase, multi-scale, multi-component features. The micro-structure characteristics inside material, the micro-mechanism of load and load transfer, the damage evolution occurred and developed inside material, along with the corresponding relationship between them and the structural macro-performance parameters are extremely complicated. The performance characteristics of pavement material should be scientifically described as the guidance for the scientific design of the pavement material and the scientific analysis of the pavement structure. For this regard, some suggestions were proposed for the method of mechanical analysis, pavement structure design, the development of durability of road materials, and long-life pavement maintenance. For mechanical analysis and pavement structure design, the following researches could be conducted in future: (1) Constitutive theory of the multi-phase, multi-scale, multi-component materials; (2) strength theory and failure criterion of pavement materials under three-dimensional stress state; (3) fatigue failure criterion of pavement materials in three dimensional state; (4) spatiotemporal response characteristics and its evolution patterns of pavement structure performance under the coupling action of multiple physical fields; (5) robustness of sub-grade stiffness field and its relation to the mechanical behavior of pavement structure; (6) real time perception and information analysis of mechanical response characteristics of pavement structure during full scale test. As to the development of durability of road materials, the most efforts should be put into the modification of mix proportion design method of mixture, improvement of the durability of binder, and the study and development functional pavement materials. As to the long-life pavement maintenance, the most efforts should be put into theory and method about the timely perception, reflection and inversion of pavement structure performance, theory and technology about the fast perception of pavement performance, long term performance of pavement and the evolution model of the long term performance of pavement, the evaluation, prediction and intelligent decision-making of pavement performance, and technical principle and method of efficient utilization of reclaimed asphalt pavement. These researches provided direction for the development of perpetual pavements.