Kinds Of Heavy Metal Ions Research Articles

Gold Nanocluster-Based Self-Assembly Fluorescence Microbeads for Sensor Array Discrimination of Multicomponent Metal Ions.

Benefiting from easy visualization and simultaneous detection of multiple targets, fluorescence microbeads are commonly used as fluorescence-sensing elements to detect pollutants in the environment. However, the application of fluorescence microbead-based sensor arrays is still limited because fluorescence dyes always suffer from self-quenching, photobleaching, and spectral overlap. Herein, three kinds of gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) were assembled with polystyrene microspheres (PS NPs) by electrostatic interaction to prepare fluorescence microbeads (PS-Au NCs), developing a sensor array for the simultaneous analysis of multiple metal ions. In this work, different PS-Au NCs showed an enhancing or quenching fluorescence response to various metal ions, owing to distinct binding capacities. Combined with the recognition algorithm from linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), this sensor assay could realize single-component and multicomponent qualitative detection for 8 kinds of heavy metal ions (HMIs) including Cu2+, Co2+, Pb2+, Hg2+, and Ce3+. Particularly, the large surface area of PS NPs could provide a direct reaction microenvironment to improve the efficiency of the detection process. Meanwhile, the fluorescence property of Au NCs could also be enhanced by a partially effective aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect to give better fluorescence signal output. Under optimal conditions, 8 kinds of heavy metals and their multicomponent mixtures could be identified at concentrations as low as 0.62 μM. Meanwhile, the analytical performance of this sensor assay in water samples was also verified, meeting the requirement of actual analysis. This study provides a great potential and practical example of single-batch, multicomponent identification for HMIs.

Peptide-Based Electrical Array Sensor for Discriminating Heavy Metal Ions.

Charge transport in molecular junctions provides an excellent way to investigate the response of molecules to intrinsic changes and external stimuli, exhibiting powerful potential for developing sensors. However, achieving multianalyte recognition remains a challenge. Herein, we innovatively developed an electrical array sensor based on peptide self-assembled layers for discriminating various heavy metal ions. Three peptide sequences were designed as sensing units with varying binding affinities for different metal ions. Electrical measurements demonstrated that different metal ions diversely affect the charge transport of peptide junctions. By using principal component analysis, a clear discrimination between the five kinds of heavy metal ions can be achieved. In the analysis of real samples, the array sensor showed a reliable anti-interference capability. The array sensor offers possibilities for large-area molecular junctions to construct functional molecular sensing devices.

Hollow hydroxyapatite constructs dual channel structured separation membranes for ultra-fast oil-water separation

The discharge of industrial wastewater and frequent oil spills have caused serious harm to the environment, and in order to achieve sustainable development of the environment, membrane separation technology stands out among the many methods for treating oil and water. In this work, hollow hydroxyapatite was grown in situ on Mg Al LDH to construct an oil–water separation membrane with dual channels, and water molecules could not only pass through the porous structure of HAP, but also pass through the gap between HAP and LDH, and the opening of the dual channels greatly improved the oil–water separation speed, and the flux of the petroleum ether emulsion was up to 5208.93 ± 117.62 L/(m2·h·bar) with the separation efficiency up to 99.4 %, and still has 98.8 % rejection rate after 10 cycles, it can efficiently separate many kinds of heavy metal ions and dyes. In order to evaluate the practical performance of the membrane, we found a high rejection rate of 87 % after several cycles of the shale gas fracking wastewater, and this work provides a new idea for the development of oil–water separation membranes with practical applications.

Polyaniline as a Nitrogen Source and Lignosulfonate as a Sulphur Source for the Preparation of the Porous Carbon Adsorption of Dyes and Heavy Metal Ions.

Using agricultural and forestry wastes as raw materials, adsorbent materials were prepared for dye adsorption in wastewater, which can minimize the environmental load and fully realize sustainability by treating waste with waste. Taking lignosulfonate as a raw material, due to its molecular structure having more reactive groups, it is easy to form composite materials via a chemical oxidation reaction with an aniline monomer. After that, using a sodium lignosulfonate/polyaniline composite as the precursor, the activated high-temperature pyrolysis process is used to prepare porous carbon materials with controllable morphology, structure, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen content, which opens up a new way for the preparation of functional carbon materials. When the prepared O-N-S co-doped activated carbon materials (SNC) were used as adsorbents, the adsorption study of cationic dye methylene blue was carried out, and the removal rate of SNC could reach up to 99.53% in a methylene blue solution with an initial concentration of 100 mg/L, which was much higher than that of undoped lignocellulosic carbon materials, and the kinetic model conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption equilibrium amount of NC (lignosulfonate-free) and SNC reached 478.30 mg/g and 509.00 mg/g, respectively, at an initial concentration of 500 mg/L, which was consistent with the Langmuir adsorption isothermal model, and the adsorption of methylene blue on the surface of the carbon material was a monomolecular layer. The adsorption of methylene blue dye on the carbon-based adsorbent was confirmed to be a spontaneous and feasible adsorption process by thermodynamic parameters. Finally, the adsorption of SNC on methylene blue, rhodamine B, Congo red, and methyl orange dyes were compared, and it was found that the material adsorbed cationic dyes better. Furthermore, we also studied the adsorption of SNC on different kinds of heavy metal ions and found that its adsorption selectivity is better for Cr3+ and Pb2+ ions.

Peroxidase-Mimicking DNAzymes as Receptors for Label-Free Discriminating Heavy Metal Ions by Chemiluminescence Sensor Arrays.

Receptors are crucial to the analytical performance of sensor arrays. Different from the previous receptors in sensor arrays, herein, peroxidase-mimicking DNAzymes were innovatively used as receptors to develop a label-free chemiluminescence sensor array for discriminating various heavy metal ions in complex samples. The peroxidase-mimicking DNAzymes are composed of functional oligonucleotides and hemin, including G-triplex-hemin DNAzyme (G3-DNAzyme), G-quadruplex-hemin DNAzyme (G4-DNAzyme), and the dimer of G-quadruplex-hemin DNAzyme (dG4-DNAzyme). Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy demonstrated that different metal ions diversely affect the conformation of G-quadruplex and G-triplex, resulting in a change in the activity of peroxidase-mimicking DNAzyme. Thus, the unique fingerprints formed to easily discriminate seven kinds of heavy metal ions by principal component analysis (PCA) within 20 min. The discrimination of unknown metal ions in tap water further confirmed its ability for discriminating multiple heavy metal ions. Moreover, it will not bring water pollution due to the good biocompatibility of DNA. Therefore, it not only merely offers a label-free, rapid, environment-friendly, and cheap (1.49 $) sensor assay for discriminating metal ions but also comes up with an innovative way for developing sensor arrays.

Highly Sensitive Simultaneous Stripping Voltametric Detection of Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ by Bismuth Codeposition Procedure with Graphdiyne−Modified Electrode

In this paper, graphdiyne (GDY)−modified glassy carbon electrode was prepared and further used for the sensitive and simultaneous detection of three target heavy metal ions of Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ by codeposition with Bi3+ in the mixture solution. GDY−modified electrodes exhibit a larger electrode area and abundant active sites, which is favorable for absorbing more metal ions. Bismuth has low toxicity and can form alloys with zinc, cadmium and mercury. Therefore, three kinds of heavy metal ions can be pre-concentrated with bismuth on the GDY−modified electrode surface, and the following stripping analysis results in high sensitivity and selectivity. By using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry, the detection ranges of Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ were from 2.0 to 100.0 μM with low detection limits of 0.255 μM, 0.367 μM and 0.796 μM, respectively. In addition, the sensor showed excellent repeatability, reproducibility, and stability, which was applied to sensitive analysis of river water samples with satisfactory results.

HEMATITE NANOPARTICLES-EMBEDDED ACTIVATED CARBON FOR ENHANCING REMOVAL OF POLLUTANTS FROM WASTEWATER

All kinds of heavy metal ions and synthetic dyes in water will produce serious environmental problems and damage to the human body. Activated carbon (AC)/hematite (H; [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3) nanocomposites (ACH nanocomposites) have been prepared using a hydrothermal method in ferric citric alkaline solution. The microstructure, chemical composition and properties of as-prepared ACH nanocomposites were investigated, respectively. It has been proved that [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 nanoparticles embedded on the surface of AC greatly improved the hydrophilicity of AC. Results further showed that ACH nanocomposites could be used as adsorbents to effectively remove [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] from wastewater. The sorption process for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] ions met the pseudo-second-order equation. The maximum adsorption capacities of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] by ACH were about 20 mg/g and 21 mg/g, respectively. In addition, some organic dyes such as methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) could also be degraded completely by ACH composites. Therefore, it is expected that ACH nanocomposites can be regarded as promising adsorbents and low-cost Fenton-like nanocomposites for the removal of pollutants from aqueous solution.

Identification and determination of multiple heavy metal ions using a miniaturized paper-based optical device

A simple colorimetric paper-based sensor array (optical tongue), which can quickly and accurately identify and discriminate twenty-five kinds of heavy metal ions, is developed. It functions by immobilizing six metal indicators on the paper substrate using polyvinyl chloride. Exposing the device to the aqueous solution of metal ions produces a unique colorimetric signature for each ion, enabling discrimination of the ions by visual inspection. Further analysis of the colorimetric patterns by chemometrics data analysis methods leads to a clustering map for accurate classifying of the metal ions at different concentrations (10.0, 5.0, 2.5, and 1.0 mg L−1). In addition, the device was applied to analyze binary and ternary mixtures of metal ions as well. An interesting feature of this tasting device is speciation analysis of an element of different oxidation states and their mixtures. Beside to qualitative analysis, it represented quantitative analysis ability, e.g., for Zn2+ and Co2+, in the concentration ranges of 0.10–10.00 mg L−1 (R2 = 0.99) and 0.25–12.50 mg L−1 (R2 = 0.99) and detection limits of 0.03 and 0.08 mg L−1, respectively. This optoelectronic tongue shows promising results to be used potentially of on-site analysis of water for its quality.

Removal of multiple metal ions from wastewater by a multifunctional metal-organic-framework based trap.

The design and preparation of multifunctional adsorbent for practical wastewater treatment is still an enormous challenge. To remove multiple metal ions from wastewater, we developed a broad-spectrum metal ions trap named UIO-67-EDTA by incorporation of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid into robust UIO-67. The adsorption experiments for 15 kinds of heavy metal ions including hard acid (Mn2+, Ba2+, Al3+, Cr3+, Fe3+), borderline acid (Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Sn2+, Bi2+), soft acid (Ag+, Cd2+, Hg2+), and two kinds of dissolved minerals (Mg2+, Ca2+) show that the trap is very effective both in batch adsorption processes and breakthrough processes. At a pH value of 4.0, the removal efficiency for all metal ions was over 98% within 10 min, and the maximum static adsorption capacity for the representative metal ions Cr3+, Hg2+and Pb2+ was up to 416.67, 256.41, and 312.15 mg g-1, respectively. The adsorption kinetics fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model, indicating that the chemical adsorption was the rate-determining step in the adsorption process. Meanwhile, the material showed high stability and recyclability, the removal efficiency for the three representative metals was still maintained over 93% after five consecutive adsorption cycles.

Modelling and efficiency evaluation of the continuous biosorption of Cu(II) and Cr(VI) from water by agricultural waste materials

As a result of intensive anthropogenic activities, population growth and unplanned urbanization, enormous quantities of organic and inorganic pollutants are discharged into the environment every year. The primary hazardous substances of concern regarding their environmental load and health effects are heavy metals. Heavy metal pollution of aquatic ecosystems, including resources of drinking water and water intended for food processing, has been of increasing interest. Biosorption technology is a promising strategy, as it utilizes industrial or agricultural wastes to remove metals from aqueous media passively, and they represent efficient, cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional adsorbents such as activated carbon. In this paper, the efficiency of biosorption of copper and chromium ions was examined using different agricultural waste biomass – sugar beet shreds, poplar sawdust and wheat straw. The possibility of applying a parallel sigmoidal (PS) model to describe the biosorption process was investigated to confirm its applicability to different types of biomass and various kinds of heavy metal ions. The results showed that the biosorption of copper ions using poplar sawdust and wheat straw consist of two steps. The moiety of one step in the overall process, defined by the parameter p, was determined to be 0.85 for poplar sawdust and 0.86 for wheat straw. These values, being less than 1, clearly indicate that the process consists of two simultaneous, kinetically different steps that shift in their dominance over the process and thus could be successfully modelled by the PS model. These studies also deal with the phenomenological examination of an unusual breakthrough curve obtained for the chromium ions biosorption by sugar beet shreds, by the comparative view of the process flow and changing the pH of the effluent. The clarification of the appearance of a double curve with a negative trend in one part allows adjusting the biosorption conditions to avoid the initial blockage of chromium ion binding to the adsorbent and thus increase the adsorption process efficiency.

Potential of Magnetic Nanoferrites in Removal of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Water: Mini Review

Water, being an essential element for the survival of living organisms, requires to be free from contaminants and pollutants. These contaminants are generally of organic, biological, microbial or inorganic nature, and all these contaminants pose severe hazards to human health upon consumption through the water. The high concentration of heavy metal ions is being found in water resources owing to the ever-increasing anthropogenic as well as industrial activities. Some of the heavy metals are crucial for the development and functioning of the human body, whereas some are toxic. In any case, consumption of any heavy metal beyond the accepted guideline values can lead to the rise of health complications. Researchers are effectively using magnetic nanoferrites as nanoadsorbents for water treatment. Specially designed magnetic nanoferrites have been found to provide as high as 99% elimination of selective heavy metal ions from the contaminated water. The present study reviews the recent researches conducted in the last two decades in the area of health hazards posed by prolonged consumption of heavy metal ions through consumable water and about using magnetic nanoferrites, their composites and derivatives for efficient removal of different kinds of heavy metal ions.

A fluorescent sensor array based on silver nanoclusters for identifying heavy metal ions

The rapid, simple and reliable identification of heavy metal ions has attracted increasing attention of researchers. This work constructed a fluorescent sensor array by using 4 kinds of polymer templated silver nanoclusters (Ag NCs) as the sensing elements. This sensor array can be used for identifying 7 kinds of heavy metal ions including Pb2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Cr3+, Co2+ and Ni2+. The fluorescence intensity ratios of Ag NCs after and before adding metal ions were applied as the output signals. We used principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensions of data variables and obtained a PCA scatter plot that could clearly distinguish every kind of 7 metal ions. This sensor array had a good performance when the ions concentration was in the range of 15–800 μM at pH of 7. The sensor array could also clearly discriminate these 7 heavy metal ions spiked in tap water. The Ag NCs-based sensor array could also be used as a fluorescence lifetime sensor array for the discrimination of metal ions. Taken all together, the developed sensor array holds great promise for practical analysis in the environment.

Removals of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Ag(I) from wastewater and electricity generation by bimetallic thermally regenerative electro-deposition batteries

The treatment of heavy metal ions in wastewater is of great significance for protecting the environment and human health. To improve the power density and removal efficiency of thermally regenerative ammonia electro-deposition battery and expand the concentration range of effective wastewater removal, a new method for removing Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Ag(I) from wastewater while generating high-power electric energy by using waste heat, called bimetallic thermally regenerative electro-deposition battery (B-TREB), was constructed in this work. For Cu(II)-containing wastewater with a wide concentration range of 0.002–0.3 M, the removal efficiency (RE) of Cu/Zn-TREB could reach more than 90%. With the initial concentration of Cu(II) being increased from 0.0005 to 0.3 M, the peak power density was enhanced from 20 to 546 W m−2. Besides, for 0.01 M and 0.1 M Co(II) wastewaters, the REs of Co/Zn-TREB were 85% and 90%, respectively. The RE of Ni/Zn-TREB was 88% for 0.01 M Ni(II) wastewater. These results illustrated that B-TREBs could remove many kinds of heavy metal ions in the wastewaters while maintaining a high removal efficiency of ~90% over a wide concentration range, and the produced high-power electricity could provide energy for further treatment or other uses.

Novel banana peel/graphene oxide derived biosorbent for water purification

More than 100 million tons of banana peels are produced annually, and about 40 million banana peels (40% of total weight) remain greatly unused. Hence, exploring banana peels’ ability to clean contaminated water would bring an additional value to the current “waste” product. One of the most common aspects of water pollution currently is heavy metal contamination, which is particularly dangerous for humans due to its high toxicity. Banana peels contain a high concentration of carbohydrates, the two most abundant being cellulose and starch, which has multiple hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups. Banana peels are an easily available and cost-effective adsorbent that can adsorb different kinds of heavy metal ions. This research primarily focuses on improving the current efficiency of this technique through the development of a banana peel/graphene oxide hybrid adsorbent. The cross-linking graphene oxide possess numerous hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, and epoxide functional groups that can be used to induce chemical reactions with banana peel carbohydrates, providing the graphene oxide with additional functional groups. This modification can potentially increase the adsorption capacity of banana peel derived adsorbents. It is evident through FTIR analysis that banana peel powder and graphene oxide have many functional groups of similar types. Thus, reactions can readily occur to combine the two substances. The TGA analysis of both compounds, however, indicates different patterns of thermal decomposition. Further thermal analysis is required for the hybrid adsorbent. After the development and characterization of this hybrid adsorbent, the next step is to complete a water purification analysis. In the future, banana peel/graphene oxide derived adsorbent may serve as a sustainable and efficient solution for water purification.

Removal of multiple heavy metal ions using a macromolecule chelating flocculant xanthated chitosan.

In this paper, the removal performance and mechanism of xanthated chitosan (XCTS) towards heavy metal ions are investigated. XCTS possesses both strong chelating abilities and excellent flocculation properties, which can effectively remove several kinds of heavy metal ions, such as Cr3+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+. It has a good potential for practical application. In a flocculation test of a mixed component solution, the removal rates of Cr3+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ reach 100%, 100% and 99.1%, respectively. The removal rates are significantly greater than that of a single component solution. It indicates that there is a synergistic effect between different metal ions. Moreover, the selectivity of XCTS for Cr3+ and Cu2+ is obviously superior to that for Cd2+; XCTS is easier to combine with the heavy metal ions belonging to hard acids.

Synthesis of sandwich-like Mn3O4@reduced graphene oxide nano-composites via modified Hummers' method and its application as uranyl adsorbents

Efficient and sustainable remediation technologies for uranium have recently been gaining more and more interest. Adsorption techniques are facile, effective and universal for kinds of heavy metal ions. In this paper, sandwich-like Mn3O4@reduced graphene oxide (Mn3O4@G) nano-composites were prepared facilely and greenly by adding NaOH solution into crude graphite oxide suspension prepared via the Hummers' method to modify the pH. The Mn3O4@G nanocomposites possess a reasonable maximum equilibrium adsorption quantity 195.6 mg [U] g−1. Moreover, the magnetism of Mn3O4@G makes it easy to remove Mn3O4@G from water by strong magnet field.

2 × 2 Fluorescent sensor array based on SiNWs for analysis of Pb2+, Cd2+, Cr3+ and Hg2+

A 2 × 2 fluorescent sensor array for Pb2+, Cd2+, Cr3+ and Hg2+ is fabricated by covalently immobilizing four kinds of fluoroionophores onto the surface of silicon nanowire arrays. By observing the variation of the individual fluorescence emission, the sensor array can realize the simultaneous detection of above four kinds of heavy metal ions, and little cross-interference was found. The present study paves a way for further fabrication of novel multi-target sensor arrays with thumbnail dimension to realize efficiently biological and environmental analysis.

Absorption Activity of Cassava Peel (Manihot utilissima) as Chromium (VI) Metal Biosorbent in Electroplating Waste

Electroplating is a process of metal veneering with another metal using the electric energy. The water waste of electroplating industry contains many kinds of heavy metal ions, especially chromium (VI) which might cause pollutions if it was not processed and it presents above the threshold allowed. The use of cellulose can be a solution, because it has the functional groups which form bonding with the metal ions. Cassava peel is one of the sources of cellulose which contains 80-85% of cellulose. This proves that cassava peel (Manihot utilissimaI) has the potential as the heavy metal biosorbent of chromium metal in electroplating waste. The methodology of the research is conducted in a series including analysis of heavy metal concentrations of chromium (VI) in electroplating waste. Biosorption treatment of cassava peel (Manihot utilissimaI) biosorbent activated by HNO 3 1.5 M in electroplating waste conducted in the batch method. Analysis of heavy metal concentrations of chromium (VI) in electroplating waste was performed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) after biosorbtion process. Variation of biosorbent mass were (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) grams, and variation of biosorbent contact time were (10, 20, 30, 40, 50) minutes. The analysis result recorded by AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) showed that the level of total chromium in electroplating waste reaches 2.0777 ± 0.2785 ppm. Accordingly, the chromium test solution used in this research was 2 ppm to measure the optimum conditions of % chromium (VI) adsorbed with variation of mass and contact time. From the results of this research, the optimum mass and contact time of cassava peel biosorbent activated by HNO 3 1.5 M in % chromium (VI) adsorbed were 0.1 gram and 40 minutes, respectively. Finally, the optimum mass and contact time of cassava peel biosorbent activated by HNO 3 1.5 M has applied to electroplating waste. The % chromium adsorbed in electroplating waste with the addition of cassava peel biosorbent activated by HNO 3 1.5 M was measured in average of 61.72%.

Optimal Conditions for Treating Acid Mine Drainage by Bentonite-Steel Slag Composites

The Acid Mine Drainage has characteristics of low pH, high concentrations of heavy metal ions, such as Fe 2+ , Mn 2+ , Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ . In this paper, the composite particles that consisted of bentonite and steel slags were used to dispose the Acid Mine Drainage. Bentonite is the mineral materials and can adsorb heavy metal ions excellently. The steel slags are alkaline and industrial solid waste for the treatment of the Acid Mine Drainage. The main influencing factors, such as adsorbent dosages, shaking rates, concentrations of heavy metal ions, temperatures, adsorption time and pH value were studied by the static experiment. Increasing the adsorbent dosages and the concentrations of the heavy metal ions, speeding up the shaking rates, raising the temperatures, extending the adsorption time and improving pH would improve the removal efficiencies of heavy metal ions. Through considering the removal efficiencies and the treatment costs, the optimum reaction conditions for the four kinds of heavy metal ions were obtained. The adsorbent dosage 21 mg/L, the rotational speed 120 r / min, the temperature 25℃, adsorption time 100 min and the initial wastewater pH 7. The four kinds of heavy metal ions existed independently in the simulated mine wastewater. The highest initial concentrations of Fe 2+ , Mn 2+ , Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ were 150 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 170 mg/L and 140 mg/L respectively. The removal rates were 93.42%, 92.64%, 93.86% and 95.17% respectively. The determination of the particles’ SEM-EDS Microscopic characterization showed the composite particles could play a part in neutralizing, absorbing and the chemical precipitation. The acidity decreased notably and the heavy metal ions of Fe 2+ , Mn 2+ , Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ were adsorbed and precipitated effectively. The research results can extend the practical engineering application of the composite particles.

Bioremediation of Heavy Metal Ions by Phosphate‐mineralization Bacteria and Its Mechanism

AbstractBioremediation of heavy metal ions by phosphate‐mineralization bacteria (PMB), as a new green and en‐ vironmental method, relies on microbe‐inducing phosphate precipitation and can prevent heavy metal ions from transferring. The growth of PMB was investigated via four aspects respectively — the control of incubation time, pH value, environmental conditions, and heavy metal ions. At the same time, phosphatemineralization precipitations and mechanism of four common kinds of heavy metal ions were analyzed. The experimental results indicated that PMB didn’t grow immediately in the first 5 hours, and they reached to the fastest reproduction rate after 13 hours. The pH value of PMB solution increased gradually from 7.0 to 8.6 when PM0B grew, which plays an important role in the mineralization process. PMB could grow most rapidly at 30 °C, pH of 8 and low concentration of heavy metal ions. It showed that too high or too low temperature and pH, as well as high concentration of heavy metal ions, could inhibit the reproduction of PMB. Stable and large particles phosphate‐mineralization precipitation, whose particle size could be more than 10 microns, were obtained by the process that PMB induced substrate to decompose and thus mineralized heavy metal ions effectively.