Kind Of Flame Retardant Research Articles

Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Zeolite Filled Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Composites

Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) composites filled with zeolite (25 vol.%) were prepared using an internal mixer followed by compression molding machine. In order to enhance the thermal properties and fire retardancy of the composites, an intumescent flame retardant consisting of ammonium polyphosphate (APP)/pentaerythritol (PER) was incorporated into the composites. Two kinds of flame retardants were used which are untreated APP (APP1) and silane treated APP (APP2), where their effectiveness was evaluated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and also thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that both types of flame retardants have the ability to enhance the thermal stability of EVA/zeolite composites by producing charred layer which protects the underlying composites from the action of flame. Moreover, the incorporation of APP1 and APP2 has a significant effect on the composites degree of crystallinity. Meanwhile the results of tensile testing showed that the composites with APP2/PER exhibit better tensile properties compared to that with APP1/PER. This is expected since the application of silane-treated APP (APP2) could improve the dispersion of APP particles within EVA matrix.

A hybrid intumescent fire retardant coating from cake- and eggshell-type IFRC

In this study the applicability of flame retardant mixed with a carbon source (such as pentaerythritol) for the intumescent fire retardant coating (IFRC) daubed on the top of a piece of plywood was investigated. There are three kinds of flame retardants used in this study: (1) artificial mesophase graphite powder (MGP), (2) sericite (Al 4(OH) 4(KAlSi 3O 10) 2), and (3) graphite. The desirable sizes of graphite, MGP and sericite were obtained by sieving. The graphite, MGP and sericite were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an energy dispersive spectrum (EDS). The IFRC, which consisted of 19.8% of flame retardant (or flame retardant mixed with carbon source), 15% of dehydrate agent, 18% of foaming agent, 7.2% of resin binder, and 40% of solvent, was prepared and daubed on the top of plywood. The fire protection capability of IFRC was tested using a flammability 45° tester. A conventional IFRC (with the carbon source) was also prepared to study the effect of adding the mixture of flame retardant and carbon source on the fire protection capability of IFRC. The microstructures of the conventional IFRC, the IFRC with flame retardant, and the hybrid IFRC (with flame retardant and carbon source) were inferred and demonstrated using SEM micrographs of the cross-section of three kinds of burnt IFRC. Most interestingly, the fire protection capability of the hybrid IFRC exceeds that of the conventional IFRC even though the percentage of carbon in the burnt hybrid IFRC is less than that in the burnt conventional IFRC.

Preparation and characterization of the intumescent fire retardant coating with a new flame retardant

In this study the applicability of the new flame retardant for the intumescent fire retardant coating (IFRC) daubed on the top of the plywood was investigated. The following are the three kinds of flame retardants used in this study: (1) the artificial mesophase graphite powder (MGP), (2) the sericite (Al 4(OH) 4(KAlSi 3O 10) 2), and (3) the graphite/sericite mixture. The desirable sizes of MGP and sericite were obtained by sieving, and then the surfaces of MGP and sericite were modified using a mechanofusion system. The MGP and sericite were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a particle size analyzer, and an energy dispersive spectrum (EDS). The IFRC, which consisted of 19.8% of the flame retardant, 15% of the dehydrate agent, 18% of the foaming agent, 7.2% of the resin binder, and 40% of the solvent, was prepared and daubed on the top of the plywood. The test of the fire protection of IFRC was conducted using a flammability 45° tester. The IFRC with the flame retardant of the raw MGP (or sericite) was also prepared to study the effects of the size distribution and the configuration of the flame retardant on the capability of fire protection of IFRC. The mass ratio of MGP to sericite also substantially affects the capability of fire protection of IFRC. Most interestingly, the capability of the fire protection of IFRC with the flame retardant of the raw material is better than that of IFRC with the flame retardant of the sieved and surface-modified material.