Kinds Of Fabrics Research Articles

Direct System for Measuring the Feeding Force and Evaluating the Sewing Parameters. (Dept.T)

In this study, the sewing feeding force and its regularity which is an indicator to stich length regularity were measured using a computer-based measuring systems under the real conditions of sewing process. This system was established to measure the feeding force directly using a gauge piece and a strain meter. The effect of sewing machine setting in terms of speed, presser foot load and stitch density on the feeding force and its regularity from stitch to another were studied. The effect of sewing parameters in terms of number of layers and sewing line direction were also studied. The effect of sewing machine setting on the distance of slippage between fabric layers and the relation between feeding force regularity and stitch length regularity were investigated. The established computer based measuring system could be used as a testing instrument to identify the different ideal sewing parameters for different kinds of fabrics in order to improve the sewing quality.

Study on the influence of underwear on local thermal and moisture comfort of human body

In order to study the influence of underwear on human thermal and moisture comfort in different sports conditions, the objective and subjective evaluation of underwear (including undershirt and underpants) made of three kinds of fabrics were carried out, and the underwear comfort model was established by CFD, and the application prospect of CFD technology in the field of clothing comfort research was prospected. The results show that the underwear combination of different fabrics has certain influence on the thermal and moisture comfort of human body, and the thermal and moisture of fabric of composite fiber is better than that of fabric of single fiber, the temperature and humidity of chest, back, hip, and thighs of the human body in different motion states change, and the temperature and humidity of the chest and back change greatly, and CFD can accurately predict human skin temperature.

Experimental Evaluation and Kinetic Analysis of Direct-Contact Ultrasonic Fabric Drying Process

Abstract Over the past two decades, due to the rising energy prices and growing awareness about climate change, significant efforts have been devoted to reducing the energy consumption of various home appliances. However, the energy efficiency of clothes dryers has little improvement. Recent innovations in the direct-contact ultrasonic fabric drying technique offer new opportunities for energy saving. In this technique, high-frequency mechanical vibrations generated by the ultrasonic transducer are utilized to atomize water from a fabric in the liquid form, which demonstrates great potential for reducing energy use and drying time of the fabric drying process. Here, for the first time, fabric drying kinetics under different direct-contact ultrasonic drying conditions were investigated experimentally and analytically. The drying processes of four kinds of fabrics were experimentally tested under different ultrasonic transducer vibration frequency (115, 135, and 155 kHz) and input power (1.2, 2.5, and 4.4 W) conditions. According to the experimental data, five different kinds of models were applied to quantify the drying kinetics of fabrics during direct-contact ultrasonic drying. The models not only incorporated the transducer parameters but also the parameters related to the nature of fabric. Our evaluation results of model prediction performance demonstrated that the two empirical models, i.e., the Weibull model and the Gaussian model, were superior to the three semi-theoretical models for anticipating the drying kinetics of fabrics under direct-contact ultrasonic drying. Furthermore, the Weibull model is more suitable for practical energy-efficient direct-contact ultrasonic fabric drying applications compared with the Gaussian model.

Investigating the effective thermal conductivity of moist fibrous fabric based on Parallel-Series model: a consideration of material’s swelling effect

The aim of this work reported in the paper is to investigate the influence of moisture content on the effective thermal conductivity (ETC) of non-hygroscopic Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and hygroscopic Viscose (VC) fabrics using Parallel-Series (P-S) thermal-electrical analogy method and TPS measurement. An equivalent porosity for hygroscopic fabric was first proposed to preserve the validity of the P-S model. The equivalent porosity is characterized by reasonably eliminating the absorbed moisture effects partly, which is embodied in enhancing heat conduction, endothermic reaction and swelling. Calculated values of the effective thermal conductivity of the two kinds of fabrics had been compared with experimental measurements. Results show that the P-S model incorporated with equivalent porosity is found to yield higher prediction accuracy than that of P-S model with parent porosity. The calibrated model can also provide a robust tool for predicting the global effective thermal conductivity of moist hygroscopic fibrous porous media.

Study on preparation and properties of aramid/stainless steel fiber blended electromagnetic shielding fabric

In order to develop electromagnetic shielding (EMS) fabric with high-performance, aramid / stainless steel fiber blended yarns were used to achieve it, and its electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE), flame retardancy and tensile properties were tested. The effects of fabric structure, fabric thickness, and fabric overlap angle on fabric properties were studied. The results showed that the plain weave fabric has the best EMSE among three kinds of fabrics with plain, twill and satin weaves. The EMSE of the satin weave is the worst. When the fabric thickness increased, the EMSE enhanced. The EMSE at the fabric overlap angle of 45° is the highest when the overlap angle is changed from 0° to 90°.

New nature dye printing paste functional on Varies fabric kinds enhanced by plasma irradiation

In coloration of fabrics, natural dye shows more environmental advantages than synthetic dyes; however, the product has poorer color and fastness properties. The present study showed the suitability of printing most kind of fabrics (natural synthetic and blends) with natural dye using pigment printing technique assist by plasma radiation with high product quality. The effect of different factors was studied as plasma conditions (power & exposure time), binder’s concentration, fabric type and structure of natural dye. Various measurements as SEM, AFM, and EDX evaluated the effect of plasma treatment on the fabric surface. The gained results of both color strength (K/S ) and fastness properties showed a great extent in enhancing printability and indicating that plasma treatment of printed fabrics with natural dye has high K/S values and excellent fastness properties comparing with the blank sample.

A numerical model of the open-width coupling drying process for cotton fabrics based on the theory of heat and mass transfer in porous media

In order to reveal the physical drying characteristics of various kinds of cotton fabrics and further provide theoretical guides for designing drying equipment and improving drying technologies, a finite element model is built that is able to describe coupling of the drying process between fabrics and environment. Specifically, three kinds of cotton fabrics mesoscopic structures parameters and mechanical properties are firstly measured and then these fabrics are equivalent to porous media, and the equivalent media can characterize the fabrics precisely. Then, the formulas for calculating the convection heat transfer and thermodynamic properties of fabrics are also improved and verified by corresponding experiments. The results shows that the improved formulas can calculate the properties more accurately. Next, we apply this model to analyze the regular change of surface temperature and water content with time during the drying process of three kinds of fabrics under different technologies. The results indicates that the coupled heat and mass transfer of drying processes are obviously affected by liquid phase transition. In addition, with higher wind temperature, the velocity of water evaporation inside fabrics is faster and, when water content inside fabric becomes lower in the drying process, the velocity of water evaporation decreases. The numerical values agrees well with the corresponding experimental values: The mean absolute error of water content inside fabric in the drying process is less than 1.51 g, while the average absolute error of fabric surface temperature is about 1.63℃, which means this model can precisely capture the coupling drying process of various kinds of cotton fabrics inside the oven. It is expected that the model can be applied for providing theoretical guidance for designing structures of drying equipment and improving drying technologies.

Design of Anti‐UV Radiation Textiles with Self‐Assembled Metal–Organic Framework Coating

AbstractAnti‐UV radiation surface coating is a powerful approach to fabricate functional textile materials that are essential for outdoor workers to protect their skin from several diseases. However, the achievement of such anti‐UV radiation coating with a facile procedure is still very challenging, as current fabrication protocols usually require sophisticated equipment, complicated procedures, and using of hazardous chemicals. In this work, a novel coating technology involving in situ self‐assembly of metal–organic frameworks is reported to fabricate anti‐UV radiation fabrics through a single solid‐phase hot‐pressing step. The in situ generated nanocrystalline microparticles of InOF‐1 are firmly mounted on the surface of three kinds of fabrics (including cotton, polyester, and aramid), imparting significant improving in UV‐blocking property with light robustness loss.

포도당 환원으로 천연 쪽 염색한 면직물과 아마직물의 염색 특성과 염색 견뢰도

This study was conducted to make help an environment-friendly dyeing method for natural indigo. In this study, glucose was used as a reducing agent for indigo. Four kind of fabrics composed of cotton fiber and flax fiber were used for this study. Dyeing with natural indigo was done under four different dyeing conditions having different pH levels and dyeing temperatures. Dyeing characteristics (color characteristics and color strength) and colorfastness were also measured. The dyeing differences in characteristics and colorfastness were analyzed based on the fiber type and dyeing condition. There were significant differences in color characteristics and color strength (K/S value) of fabrics dyed with natural indigo using glucose reduction based on the fiber type and dyeing condition. The K/S value of the fabric dyed with natural indigo through glucose reduction was the highest at 660nm. The colorfastness of the four fabrics dyed using natural indigo had a rate of 4 to 5 with the exception of rubbing fastness, which indicated good colorfastness.

Natural dyeing application of used coffee grounds as a potential resource

ABSTRACTThe purpose was to examine the influence of three different mordants (aluminum potassium sulfate, copper [II] sulfate, and ferrous sulfate) on the dye uptake and colorfastness of five different kinds of fabrics (cotton, flax, silk, rayon, and polyester) dyed with used coffee grounds. The color strength values (CLELAB, Hue, and Value/Chroma) were evaluated on the fabrics by use of both the color mate instrument and Munsell color set. Also, results of colorfastness to laundering and crocking compared three different types of mordant groups with a control group (non-mordant). The following combinations of the best performances for each fabric with mordant was observed: cotton and linen with iron, silk with alum, and rayon with copper. The colorfastness to laundering and crocking for the used coffee grounds achieved the ASTM standard. Therefore, used coffee grounds for natural dyes can be a feasible commercial alternative to synthetic dyes in textile and dyeing industries.

Zachowane baldachimy procesyjne na terenie Małopolski z wieku XVII i XVIII

Baldachimy procesyjne na terenie Małopolski w wieku XVII i XVIII przyjmowały formę dekoracyjnego daszku wykonanego zazwyczaj z tkaniny rozpiętej na stelażu, przymocowanego do ozdobnych drążków, co umożliwiało ich przenoszenie. Przede wszystkim baldachimów używano podczas procesji teoforycznych. Wykonywano je z zasady z nietrwałych materiałów, stąd też zachowało się ich tylko kilka. Na podstawie źródeł archiwalnych oraz zachowanych przykładów baldachimy procesyjne można podzielić ze względu na kształt na dwa rodzaje.Pierwszy, najliczniejszy, stanowią baldachimy o drewnianym lub metalowym stelażu na rzucie prostokąta zbliżonego do kwadratu, zaopatrzone w dwa lub cztery drążki. Drugi to baldachimy owalne na jednym drążku w kształcie parasola. W obu grupach najistotniejszym elementem dekoracyjnym była tkanina rozpięta na stelażu tworząca podniebie oraz dach baldachimu, kształtująca także jego boki za pomocą falbany lub lambrekinu. Podniebie i dach baldachimu wykonywane były zasadniczo z dwóch różnych tkanin. Dach baldachimu najczęściej był płaski, ale występowały także przykłady o dynamicznych formach, czego przykład stanowi baldachim w Kacwinie z drugiej połowy XVIII wieku. Dodatkowo stosowano dekoracyjne uzupełnienia w postaci obszycia galonem, koronką, frędzlą, taśmami i haftem, a także chwostami. Najczęściej drzewce baldachimów były rzeźbione i malowane. Najlepszym przykładem klasycznego baldachimu barokowego stanowi najstarszy zachowany w Małopolsce baldachim z roku ok. 1663 w Polance Wielkiej lub baldachim wykonany z XVII-wiecznej tkaniny w kolegiacie św. Anny w Krakowie. Zdarzało się, że dach baldachimu był obwiedziony ażurowym, bogato rzeźbionym i złoconym obramieniem, jak np. baldachim z trzeciej ćwierci XVIII wieku w Krzywaczce lub w kościele św. Anny w Nowym Targu (2. poł. XVIII w.). Ciekawą grupę tworzyły baldachimy w całości drewniane dekorowane malowaną i złoconą snycerką, które zachowały się na Spiszu, w kościele we Frydmanie (2. poł. XVIII w.), Krempachach (2. poł. XVIII w.) i Trybszu oraz znany ze zdjęć archiwalnych niezachowany baldachim z końca XVIII wieku w Łapszach Niżnych. Zasadniczym elementem dekoracyjnym wymienionych baldachimów jest bogato rzeźbiony i złocony drewniany stelaż, do którego przytwierdzany był dach wykonany z tkaniny bądź z deski.Drugi rodzaj baldachimów w formie rozkładanego i składanego parasola reprezentowała niezachowana obecnie XVIII-wieczna umbella w Bielanach k. Kęt.Powstające w następnych stuleciach baldachimy generalnie przyjęły formę opartą na prostym drewnianym stelażu z tekstylnym dachem i bokami prostymi lub w formie lambrekinu. Spotykane są także rozwiązania, w których do elementów tekstylnych dodawano akcenty snycerskie.

Estimation of the radiant performance of flame-retardant fabrics considering thermal degradation effect

Specially designed thermal protective clothing is used by firefighters and furnace operators for safety against intense heat flux exposures. Radiative transfer becomes the main heat transfer mode under such high temperature conditions. This work dealt with the effects of thermal degradation on the radiant protective performance and radiative properties of Polysulfonamide and Nomex IIIA fabrics at virgin state and pyrolyzed state, respectively. Simultaneously, the thermal stability and flame retardancy of both fabrics were compared by using thermogravimetry, vertical burning test, and limit oxygen index methods. The obtained results of thermal degradation effect on radiative properties demonstrated that both of the reflectance and transmittance of the two kinds of fabrics at virgin condition are higher than those at pyrolyzed state. On the other hand, the radiant protective performance values of both fabrics at charred condition were lower as compared to those at virgin state. This study will be helpful to estimate the continuing performance of firefighters’ protective fabrics after thermal exposures during firefighting operations.

Natural ageing of polyaramide fiber from ballistic armor

Abstract Ballistic armor has been manufactured primarily based on polyaramide (Kevlar and Twaron) or Dyneema but the lifespan warranty in Brazil is only 5 years and after this time period they are incinerated or comminuted and ground up. This study aims to evaluate the changes on the physical, mechanical and morphological properties of polyaramide fibers of ballistic armor after natural aging. These samples with different fabrication (2005 and 2010) and usage time were exposed to natural weathering in the city of Porto Alegre, southern Brazil, during the period of one year. Morphology fiber results surfaced after ageing, it showed fiber swelling, stress cracking and defibrillation, and the results of the mechanical tensile testing of the polyaramide fibers showed a pronounced decrease (80%) in tensile strength. It can be concluded that the weight, the dtex of the fiber and the kind of fabric can influence the degradation degree under natural exposure.

Rize Feretiko (Rize Bezi) ve Bayburt Ehram Dokumacılığı Üzerine Bir Deneme

Abstract Weaving is a process from the existence of humanity to the present day. In the beginning, weaving, which was done by human beings for the purpose of protection and covering from external factors, gradually went beyond this need and became an art. However, hand weaving has started to show its effect in weaving as in all areas in Anatolia with the industrialization in the west and has been gradually disappearing with the change in the way of life. Weavings vary depending on the climatic conditions, materials, geographical conditions, lifestyle and culture of the region, for example, cotton, silk, linen yarn is used in a region where warm climate is used, while wool and hair like yarns are used in cold climate areas. The subject of our article is the similarities and differences in traditional weavings made in the provinces of Rize and Bayburt in the Eastern Black Sea region and their techniques, materials and motifs. It is the kind of fabric that will be included in our ehram weaving study in Bayburt with feretiko (Rize cloth) in Rize. Although these weavings made in two provinces have some similarities, they constitute two different textile products.

Effect of design parameters on the cushioning property of cellular fabric composites

In this study, a new design method for a three-dimensional hollow structure woven fabric was proposed and the effect of cellular size on the cushioning property of the fabric-reinforced polyurethane elastomer composite was investigated. The fabric structure was analyzed from a cross-section view and the theoretical equations for the warp and weft yarns were proposed, using the fabric layer and cellular size as parameters. Nine kinds of fabrics with different layers and cellular size were fabricated with a Jacquard loom and reinforced with polyurethane elastomer to yield fabric composites. Then the effect of cellular size on the cushioning property of the fabric composites was discussed. The results showed that upon increasing the cellular size, the cellular fabric composite exhibited lower compression resistance. Moreover, the stress at a strain of 65% and the energy absorbed in the loading process were increased with decreasing cellular size. Moreover, the compression resilience was also changed with the cellular size. It can be concluded that the cellular size had an important effect on the cushioning property of the fabric composite, which can be considered as a design parameter for cushion material based on its usages.

Color pattern recognition for yarn‐dyed fabrics

AbstractIn the process of designing and analyzing the yarn‐dyed fabric, the yarn color pattern has an important effect on the appearance of the fabric. An automatic color pattern recognition method for yarn‐dyed fabric is proposed in this study. The proposed method uses the fabric images obtained from a high‐resolution digital camera image acquisition system. The local statistical texture features are used for yarn texture segmentation. The yarn color classification problem is then formulated in a research framework of multiregion fuzzy segmentation, which can be added auxiliary variables and solved efficiently by the fast dual projection algorithm. The color values of the yarn crossing points are calculated by the yarn color classification results. The locations of the yarn crossing points are detected by a lightness gradient projection method. Different kinds of fabrics are tested in the experiments. Experiments on 14 actual fabrics show that the approach proposed in this study is effective for classifying yarn color and extracting the yarn color pattern in yarn‐dyed fabric.

Study on shield configuration stuffed with the integrated fabric layer and its bracing structure

Two alternative techniques to brace the fabric layers stuffed in high-performance shield configurations are evaluated by hypervelocity impact tests respectively. Al honeycomb core and Al mesh are proposed to brace the fabric layers separately. There are four types of stuffed layer structures. The first structure consists of two kinds of fabrics, one layer of basalt fabric followed with one layer of Aramid-III fabric repeatedly. The second type is the first one plus Al honeycomb core. The third type contains several layers of basalt fabric and one layer of Al mesh. The fourth type is similar to the third one, while the stuffed layer is sewed with the aramid thread. For the target configurations, the bumper and the rear plate are 1mm-thick Al plate and the stuffed layer is 100 mm from the bumper. The targets are impacted by Al projectile with the diameters about 5 mm, and the velocities range from 4 km/s to 5 km/s. According to the test results, the fixing and support structure weight of the fabric layer is lightened by using the Al honeycomb core. The Al honeycomb core absorbs and dissipates the kinetic energy of debris cloud effectively, however, its channel effect aggravates the perforation damage on the rear plate. For the fourth structure, the Al mesh plays the role of fixing and supporting basalt fabric, but the performance of stuffed layer intercepting debris cloud is reduced.

Modified hinged beam test on steel fabric reinforced cementitious matrix (SFRCM)

Abstract An experimental campaign based on modified hinged beam test (MhBT) set-up has been reported in the present study. The samples consist of two concrete blocks coupled by a proper hinge device and laminated with steel wire fabrics embedded in a cementitious mortar layer. Two kinds of fabrics, made of galvanized steel strands with different mesh spacing, have been used to reinforce the concrete joists. With the aid of a DIC monitoring system, slippage profile at the interface between the concrete support and the mortar laminate along the contact region has been assessed, together with the fracture opening. Force vs slippage at the interface has been retrieved for the samples tested according to the MhBT set-up. With the aim to obtain predictive ultimate load design formulas, a novel classification of laminate here proposed will be argued and related to a MhBT design formula. The influence of peel and shear stresses interaction on the ultimate strength of the system has been discussed in detail.

Developing a Heating Panel for Protective Garment

Heating panels can be used in protective clothing when the employee works in cold weather conditions. One possible option is to use conductive yarns inside the fabric structure to develop electrical circuit in the fabric for fabric heating. For the performance of the heating structures, uniform distribution and dissipation of heat are important characteristics that should be well controlled by the location of heating elements in a close proximity to the heated area. In this study the design of heating panels based on e-textile design concepts is aimed. The e-textile architecture of the heating panels was formed using stainless steel conductive yarn that was successfully embedded via sewing technique on the textile structure. Different kinds of fabrics were combined in order to obtain functional protective clothing system.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN ALTERNATIVE NATURAL DYE FROM PHILIPPINE TEAK LEAVES (Tectona philippinensis)

This study focused on the development of an alternative natural dye from Philippine teak leaves (Tectona philippinensis). The leaves were boiled for one hour using tap water as the solvent for extraction of natural dye. The extracted dye was reddish in color. Quantitative determination revealed that 10.95g (1.095%) of powder dye was produced for every one kilogram of dye sample with 30 liters of water. Different shades of colors appeared when the dye was applied to cotton, linen, jusi, piña-seda and silk cocoon using different mordants. The dyed fabrics were subjected to colorfastness to washing, perspiration and sunlight using Launder-O-Meter, Incubator and Atlas Ci+3000 Xenon Weather-O-Meter. Results showed that it is acceptable to technical evaluators from Philippine Textile Research Institute (PTRI) in terms of Colorfastness to Laundering, Perspiration, and Light. It was concluded that the dye extracted from Teak leaves can be a good source of natural dye and can produce different shades of colors using different kinds of fabrics and mordant, and is useful as a substitute for synthetic dyes.Â