Kinds Of Essential Oils Research Articles

CITRONELLA OIL AS BIOADDITIVES ON SI ENGINE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

Current dynamics of world energy supply have driven various innovations by the industry as well as research communities. Fossil fuels, although experiencing a declining interest due to sustainability issues, remain undeniably crucial since they are nearly irreplaceable in some sectors including electricity generation, it is necessary to continuously establish efforts to improve efficiency of those kinds of fuel. In this work, the authors evaluate the potential of locally sourced essential oils, namely citronella, as a fuel additive in a vision of raising the fuel economy of gasoline RON 90. Citronella oil was selected based on a positive hypothesis deduced from its chemical properties, as mentioned in multiple published works. Tests were made on a generator-set powered by gasoline engine using the mixture of RON 90 and citronella oil of various concentrations as the fuels. In addition, a commercial synthetic additive was also tested alongside the essential oil to provide a comparative figure. Meanwhile other investigators suggest a favorable effect of essential oils, our results show that citronella oil additions lead to higher fuel consumption at the same power level. A similar negative effect was also demonstrated by the synthetic additive. The only sector showing positive results is in terms of exhaust temperature where experiments with citronella additives create lower exhaust temperature as compared to pure gasoline and synthetic additives. However, rooms for innovation remain open by exploring other variables such as higher additive concentrations or combining different kinds of essential oils.

Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from the Leaves of Schinus molle and Cupressus sempervirens and their Insecticidal Activity against Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera: Silvanidae)

Essential Oils (EOs) from aromatic plants were reported to have an insecticidal activity against several insects and could be an alternative to synthetic insecticides. The aim of this study is to determine the chemical composition of two plants (Schinus molle and Cupressus sempervirens) grown in Algeria and to investigate their insecticidal activity against the sawtoothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis, a secondary pest that may alter seriously the proprieties of some food products. EOs were extracted by hydrodistillation using Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The analysis determined that the major components of S. molle EO are β-Eudesmol (15.19 %), Elemol (13.97 %), D-Limonene (9.89 %), Spathulenol (9.33 %) and β-Phellandrene (7.72 %) while those of C. sempervirens EO are Cedrol (44.81 %), α-Pinene (15.71 %) and neoiso-Dihydrocarveol acetate (9.7 %). The biological activity of EOs was evaluated by fumigation and repellency at different concentrations and exposure times. Fumigation toxicity bioassays showed maximum efficacy was reached at a concentration of 100 μL/L of air for the two kinds of EOs (90-100 %). Repellency tests revealed that S. molle EO was moderately repellent (55.62 %), while C. sempervirens EO was highly repellent (66.25 %). In fact, the EO of the experimental plants can be incorporated into insecticidal formulations and might be efficient as alternative to synthetic insecticides for O.surinamensis control. However, other tests need to be performed on other life stages of the insect.

The Role of Herbal Plant Essential Oils in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris

Acne vulgaris (AV) is a disease of the pilosebaceous unit that often occurs at the age of 15 to 40 years. Various factors can influence this disease such as abnormal keratinization, microbial colonization, increased sebum production and complex inflammatory mechanisms. Essential oils can be used as an alternative therapy for AV. Various kinds of essential oils which are natural aromatic compounds from herbal plants, have long been known to help cure AV. This is because of the various beneficial compounds contained in each essential oils. The effects are varied such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial which will affect the healing mechanism of AV. This literature review discusses the role of essential oils from kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix), cinnamon (Cinnamomum), tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf. and Cymbopogon flexuosus), oregano (Origanum vulgare) and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) against AV treatment.

Chia Seed Mucilage Edible Films with Origanum vulgare and Satureja montana Essential Oils: Characterization and Antifungal Properties.

Films made with mucilage obtained from defatted chia seeds and incorporated with oregano (Origanum vulgare) and savory (Satureja montana) essential oils (0.1,1.0 and 1.5% v/v) were prepared to evaluate their physical, optical, mechanical and antifungal properties as well as their microstructure. The use of different types of essential oils (oregano or savory) only had a significant effect on the light transmittance, total color difference (∆E) and antifungal activity of the films. However, the kind of essential oil was not significant for the physical, optical and mechanical properties of the films. Increasing concentrations of essential oils up to 1.5% v/v led to a decrease in tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EB). Antifungal properties significantly increased with the incorporation of essential oils (p < 0.05). The antifungal activity of the chia mucilage films incorporated with O. vulgare and S. montana essential oil was screened by agar disc-diffusion assay against five mold strains commonly found in foods. Films containing 0.1% v/v of essential oils were not active, whereas films containing 1.0 and 1.5% v/v were very effective at inhibiting the growth of the tested mold strains (38.01–77.66%). Scanning electron microscopy showed that incorporation of essential oils caused some heterogeneity in the films and the surface displayed no pores or cracks as well as a better integration of oregano EO in the polymeric network. The results pointed out that the incorporation of oregano and savory essential oils as a natural antimicrobial agent has appreciable potential for the development of films as active packaging to control mold contamination and increase food safety.

Study on Preservation of Chilled Beef with Natural Essential Oil Nanocapsules

Beef is rich in amino acids and vitamin B6, carnitine, potassium, protein, and other nutrients. It can improve the body’s ability to resist disease and is especially suitable for growth, development, and postoperation and postrehabilitation care. Under such circumstances, the demand for beef consumption in various countries continues to grow steadily. At present, domestic beef prices continue to rise, and beef supply is insufficient. In addition, fresh beef is easy to be infected with microorganisms in the process of cold storage, which makes fresh beef deteriorated. Therefore, it is very important to add preservatives to prolong the shelf life of chilled beef. In this paper, the preservation of chilled beef with nanocapsules made of natural essential oil from plant extracts was studied. In this study, cumin, Zanthoxylum, ginger, cinnamon, clove, and thyme were selected to study the effect of six kinds of essential oils on beef preservation through comparative experiments. On the basis of such research data, the six kinds of essential oils were compounded, respectively, and different nanoessential oil capsules were applied to the fresh-keeping of chilled beef to make different kinds of nanoessential oil capsules. Through the experiment, the compound essential oil with better preservation effect was obtained. And through the comparison, cinnamon essential oil has obvious antibacterial activity, while ginger essential oil has the worst antibacterial effect. The pH value of beef can be changed and the degradation rate of protein in beef will be slowed down by applying appropriate amount of decomposed plant essential oil to beef samples. Through the above experimental results, we applied the compound essential oil to the preservation of cold and fresh beef at nanometer level and found that the effect was significant, which was worthy of application in major beef products processing plants.

Cytotoxicity, anti-platelet aggregation assay and chemical components analysis of thirty-eight kinds of essential oils

Thirty-eight essential oils (EOs), including 4 products from Taiwan high-latitude trees, Chamaecyparis formosensis, Taiwania crypyomerioides, Cryptomeria japonica, and Chamaecyparis obtuse, as well as 34 commercial essential oils, were assayed on their cytotoxicity against 5 cancer cell lines and anti-platelet aggregation function.Two EOs from Juniperus virginiana and Santalum album showed significant cytotoxicity. Moreover, 2 EOs from Melissa officinalis and Piper nigrum exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on an anti-platelet aggregation assay. Some essential oils had been reported to contain cytotoxicity. However, the cytotoxicity of EOs from J. virginiana and S. album is revealed for the first time. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report for anti-platelet aggregation effect of EOs.

Chlorpyrifos organophosphate and essential oils activities against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) warehouse pests

Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) is a warehouse pest causing damage to foodstuffs, especially beans. One of techniques that usually used for preserving foodstuffs from insect’s attack in Indonesia is by using chemical pesticides and fumigants. The continuous use of chemicals can disrupt human health and pollute the environment. Pest control using essential oils is considered safer than chemicals and environmentally friendly. The essential oils that used in this study were A. nardus, E. globulus, and M. piperita. Nanoemulsion essential oils were made to reduce evaporation. The aim of this study is to find out the insecticidal activity of chlorpyrifos and three kinds of essential oils against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). Research methods of this study consisted of sample preparation, fabrication of essential oils, mortality test and repellency test. The results showed that chlorpyrifos pesticides still have higher percentage of against insecticides compared to essential oils, but their use was not environmentally friendly.

Analysis and Biological Evaluation of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim Essential Oil

AbstractThe chemical composition and antitumor activity of essential oil were compared for four parts of the Arisaema Amuremse Maxim. Chemical constituent of essential oil in every parts of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim was identified by GC-MS analysis systematically. Arisaema Amuremse Maxim had 114 kinds of essential oils. Tubers, petioles, leaves, and fruits were identified 53, 48, 5 and 21 species essential oil, respectively. The antiproliferative activity against Hep2, HCT-116, A549, SW480, HepG2 cell lines had been investigated by MTT assay. The essential oil of tubers, petioles, leaves and fruits all had strong antiproliferative activity. The IC 50 was 19.60μg·mL-1, 17.60μg·mL-1, 23.80μg·mL-1, and 30.23μg·mL-1, respectively. Among them, the essential oil of tubers and petioles had stronger antitumor activity. The essential oil of tubers, petioles, leaves and fruits had strong antiproliferative activity. This study was of great significance to increase the medicinal parts of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim.

Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils Extracted from Wild and Planted Thuja orientalis Leaves in Korea

Thuja orientalis is widespread in limestone zone of Korea. It is an aromatic and medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine and aromatheraphy. No comparative data are available on the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil from wild and planted T. orientalis. The aim of this study is to investigate the comparison of chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oils. The essential oils of the leaves from wild and planted T. orientalis were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The analysis of the essential oils from wild and planted T. orientalis leaves revealed the presence of artemisia triene (1771.45 mg/l, 1930.44 mg/l), trans-isolimonene (1716.31 mg/l, 753.10 mg/l), terpinolene (506.16 mg/l, 679.60 mg/l), isopulegol (478.76 mg/l, 355.64 mg/l), caryophyllene (462.71 mg/l, 568.43 mg/l), sabinene (405.44 mg/l, 395.34 mg/l) and myrcene (316.09 mg/l, 406.74 mg/l) as major constituents. The antibacterial assay revealed that the two kinds of essential oil showed activity. Results obtained in this study revealed that there is some quantitative differences of the chemical composition and antibacterial activity were noted between wild and planted T. orientalis.

Electrospun Gelatin Nanofibers Encapsulated with Peppermint and Chamomile Essential Oils as Potential Edible Packaging.

Natural and edible materials have attracted increasing attention in food packaging, which could overcome the serious environmental issues caused by conventional non-biodegradable synthetic packaging. In this work, gelatin nanofibers incorporated with two kinds of essential oil (EO), peppermint essential oil (PO) and chamomile essential oil (CO), were fabricated by electrospinning for potential edible packaging application. Electron microscopy showed that smooth and uniform morphology of the gelatin/EOs was obtained, and the diameter of nanofibers was mostly enlarged with the increase of the EO content. The proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum confirmed the existence of PO and CO in nanofibers after electrospinning. The addition of EOs led to an enhancement of the water contact angle of nanofibers. The antioxidant activity was significantly improved for the nanofibers loaded with CO, while the antibacteria activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was better for the fibers with PO addition. The combination of half PO and half CO in nanofibers compensated for their respective limitations and exhibited optimum bioactivities. Finally, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay with NIH-3T3 fibroblasts demonstrated the absence of cytotoxicity of the gelatin/EO nanofibers. Thus, our studies suggest that the developed gelatin/PO/CO nanofiber could be a promising candidate for edible packaging.

Isolation and Identification of Morchella Pathogenic Fungi and Determination of In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of 30 Plant Essential Oils

In order to develop natural antistaling agent for Morchella preservation, reduce environmental pollution problems. In this experiment, the fungus pathogenic fungi were isolated and identified, and the antibacterial activity of the pathogen was determined by using 30 plant essential oils. The results showed that the fungal strain YDJ-S was isolated from the naturally occurring Morchella, belonging to the Fusarium proliferatum, which showed obvious pathogenicity. In vitro antibacterial experiments of essential oils show that in 30 kinds of essential oils, five essential oils of Basil, Cinnamon, Litsea cubeba, Clove and Garlic have obvious inhibitory effect on strain YDJ-S, and the inhibition rate is 100% at 1000 μl/L. Basil essential oil has the most obvious inhibitory effect on the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of strain YDJ-S, the minimum inhibitory concentration is 250 μl/L, and the minimum bactericidal concentration is 1000 μl/L, to lay the theoretical foundation for further research.

Vapor Measurement System of Essential Oil Based on MOS Gas Sensors Driven with Advanced Temperature Modulation Technique

The aroma/vapor of essential oils is complex compound which depends on the content of the gases and volatiles generated from essential oil. This paper describes a design of quick, simple, and low-cost static measurement system to acquire vapor profile of essential oil. The gases and volatiles are captured in a chamber by means of 9 MOS gas sensors which driven with advance temperature modulation technique. A PSoC CY8C28445-24PVXI based-interface unit is built to generate the modulation signal and acquire all sensor output into computer wirelessly via radio frequency serial communication using Digi International Inc., XBee (IEEE 802.15.4) through developed software under Visual.Net. The system was tested to measure 2 kinds of essential oil (Patchouli and Clove Oils) in 4 temperature modulations (without, 0.25 Hz, 1 Hz, and 4 Hz). A cycle measurement consists of reference and sample measurement sequentially which is set during 2 minutes in every 1 second respectively. It is found that the suitable modulation is 0,25Hz; 75%, and the results of Principle Component Analysis show that the system is able to distinguish clearly between Patchouli Oil and Clove Oil.

Contact Toxicity and Repellency of the Essential Oils of Evodia lenticellata Huang and Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. Leaves against Three Stored Product Insects.

The essential oils (EOs) extracted from Evodia lenticellata Huang and Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. leaves are screened to evaluate their contact toxicity and repellency towards Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) and Liposcelis bostrychophila (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) adults. The EOs are obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The principal components in the E. lenticellata EO are identified to be caryophyllene oxide (28.5%), β-caryophyllene (23.1%), β-elemene (14.5%), and β-cubebene (4.7%), while the main components of the E. rutaecarpa EO are α-pinene (39.4%), β-elemene (13.5%), α-ocimene (7.6%), and α-selinene (4.0%). These two kinds of EOs and their individual compounds all showed different levels of contact toxicity and repellent activity against three stored-product insects.

Essential Oils-Based Antibacterial Agent Against Escherichia coli O157:H7 Biofilm on Cucumber

Guided by the principle of hurdle technology, a high-efficiency antibacterial agent (AA) had been formulated, which contained six kinds of essential oils, three pieces of food additives and ethyl alcohol. The antibacterial effects of AA against E. coli O157:H7 biofilm on simulated and real cucumbers were testified by MTT staining method, colony-forming unit (CFU) counting method, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) assay. The remarkable anti-biofilm activity of AA was achieved under low concentration and short treatment duration. The results also revealed that AA inhibited the multiplication of E. coli O157:H7 via destroying the cell membrane integrity. Besides, color, texture and sensory evaluation illustrated that AA could be applied as a disinfectant to eliminate the biofilm formed on cucumber without impact on food quality. Practical Applications As a kind of high-efficiency antimicrobials, AA has significant inhibition and elimination effects on biofilm under a low concentration and short incubation time. Especially, AA was effective to eliminate the formed E. coli O157:H7 biofilm on the surface of cucumber without impact on the quality and flavor of the product. On the basis of the results, we believe that AA can be applied in vegetables or fruits processing and preservation.

Association between penetration enhancement effect of essential oils and drug properties of traditional Chinese medicines by data mining method

To study the association between penetration enhancement effect of essential oils and drug properties of traditional Chinese medicines. Through literature research, 34 kinds of essential oils with the penetration enhancement effect were collected. The methods of frequency analysis and variable crosstab were used for intuitive analysis and association analysis. The association between penetration enhancement effect of essential oils and drug properties (four natures, five flavors, channel tropism) were analyzed by a general linear model. According to the findings, the essential oils with penetration enhancement effect were all sourced from acrid traditional Chinese medicines, because their positive drug nature contributed to the enhancement of the penetration effect of essential oil; five flavors had little effect on penetration enhancement (P = 0.6982), but four natures and channel tropism showed significant effects (P = 0.011, 0.077). In conclusion, there were obvious association and regularity between penetration enhancement effect of essential oils and drug properties of traditional Chinese medicine.

Repellent Effects of Five Plant Essential Oils on the Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invcita

The aim of this experiment was to search for the essential oils which have repellent effects on red imported fire ants. Effect of five kinds of essential oils in four concentrations on fire ant workers was evaluated using a Y-tube olfactometer bioassay. Our results indicate that C. annuum oil showed a strong repellent effect on fire ant workers in the four concentrations (P<0.01), and the repellent effect on fire ants is enhanced with increasing concentration. The repellency rate of the concentration of 1000 mu l/ml was 91.2%, indicating that the essential oils had a significant repellent effect. C. nardus, C. cassia, I. purpurea were also considered as effective repellent substances for fire ants, especially at high concentrations, while S. sclarea was not suggested for use as fire ant repellent.

Chemical Components and Nitrite Cleaning Activity of Essential Oil from &lt;i&gt;Tagetes erecta L&lt;/i&gt;. Leaf

Steam distillation oil (SDO) and simultaneous distillation oil (SDEO) were obtained from Tagetes Erecta L. leaf of Heilongjiang province by steam distillation method and simultaneous distillation method, respectively. The yields were 0.0943% and 1.005%. Compared the differentiation of essential oil through the GC-MS analysis, the result indicated that there were twenty-nine kinds of compounds can be confirmed from SDO and fifty-one kinds can be confirmed from SDEO. The two kinds of essential oil were assayed for affinity to scavenge sodium nitrite for the purpose of characterizing mechanisms of nitrite cleaning activity. Both show strong nitrite cleaning activity up to a concentration of 0.1mL.The maximum scavenging rate was 95.18% (SDO) and 54.28% (SDEO).

DPPH free‐radical scavenging ability, total phenolic content, and chemical composition analysis of forty‐five kinds of essential oils

Forty-five kinds of commonly used essential oils were employed to investigate the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging ability and total phenolic content of major chemical compositions. The free-radical scavenging ability and total phenolic content of cinnamon leaf and clove bud essential oils are the best among these essential oils. One-half milliliter of cinnamon leaf and clove bud essential oils (10 mg/ml EtOH) are shown to be 96.74% and 96.12% of the DPPH (2.5 ml, 1.52x10(-4) M) free-radical scavenging ability, respectively. Their EC50 (effective concentrations) are 53 and 36 (microg/ml). One milligram per milliliter of cinnamon leaf, clove bud, and thyme red essential oils were shown to be 420, 480, and 270 (mg/g of GAE) of total phenolic content, respectively. Eugenol in cinnamon leaf and clove bud essential oils (82.87% and 82.32%, respectively) were analyzed by GC-MS. It is clear that the amounts of the phenol compounds in essential oils and the DPPH free-radical scavenging ability are in direct proportion.

Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase Activity by Bicyclic Monoterpenoids

Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity by 17 kinds of bicyclic monoterpenoids was investigated. Bicyclic monoterpenoids are contained in many kinds of essential oils. Inhibition of AChE was measured according to the colorimetric method. 3.1.1 and 4.1.0 bicyclic hydrocarbons with allylic methyl group showed strong inhibition. (+)- and (-)-alpha-pinene and (+)-3-carene were potent inhibitors of AChE. 3.1.1 and 2.2.1 bicyclic alcohols and ketones showed weak inhibition. 3.1.1 and 4.1.0 bicyclic hydrocarbons with allylic methyl group were found to be uncompetitive inhibitors.

Three Essential Oils for the Medicine Cabinet

The scope of Aromatherapy is a vast field of study, reaching out into many directions, and can be quite mind-boggling. There are well over 400 kinds of essential oils. Lavender, Tea tree, and Peppe...