Kinds Of Disorders Research Articles

Signal Quality Index Estimator for Complex-Lead type ECG beat detectors

Abstract The Electro Cardio Gram is a very valuable clinical tool to access the electric function of the heart. It provides insight into the different phases of the heart beat and various kinds of disorders which may affect them. In the past decades various algorithms to detect and delineate ECG beats have been developed. The complex-lead based algorithms compute a virtual-lead by averaging the samples of an arbitrary number of channels. In this study exponential weighted moving powers based estimates for the skewness, kurtosis and signal to noise ratio are used to select the channels which are included in the resulting complex lead signal. According to these parameters the channels are labelled bad, poor, scaled and good. A weighted average is used to to compute the next sample of the complex lead from the channels labelled good and scaled. The 75 30minutes records of the ”St.-Petersburg Institute of Cardiological Technics 12-lead Arrhythmia Database” are used to evaluate the proposed approach. The average sensitivity increases to 99.61% and to 99.63% in total compared to 99.57% and 99.59% for the standard approach. The average and overall specificity increases to 99.65% and the F1 and F-M scores to 0.9964. This shows that the estimates provide sufficient information about the quality, to successfully reduce the distortion of the complex-lead signal by artefacts and strong muscle signals while avoiding the additional time delay imposed by standard window based methods.

Takra kalpana for health maintenance- A Scientific Review.

Ayurveda Samhitas are not only the Aushadha Granthas but also the encyclopaedia, as they include everything relevant. In Ayurveda, ‘Ahara Kalpana’ is considered as more competent than the Aushadha Dravya, as it is the basis of both health and disease. That's why Ahara is considered as Prana (life). Ayurveda states that the importance of Agni (digestive fire) through its compendium is to keep the body in healthy condition. Agni, if disturbed, it may create many kinds of disorders. Takra (buttermilk) acts as primary digestive aid for the disease associated with Agni. Takra is one of the Ahara Dravya with lots of medicinal properties. Takra indicated in various diseases like Grahani, Arsha, Atisara etc., as a Pathya, Anupana or single drug. The presence of sphingolipids, lactoferrins, caseins, good qualities of proteins, various vitamins etc., which are easily digestible have been detected in buttermilk. All these explain the mechanism and action of buttermilk. A person who consumes Takra never suffers from any disease and there is no recurrence of disease treated with Takra. It alleviates the hundred disorders. There is no remedy better than Takra for the 80 types of Vataja and 20 types of Kaphaja Vyadhi. Thus, we can call it ‘Panacea’ and ‘Nectar’ for its utility in innumerable diseases. It acts as Rasayana and helps to slow down the ageing process like a magical elixir. "Takra is easily palatable which can be used for prevention as well as treatment of diseases. Hence fulfils the principles of Ayurveda.

Circular RNA and its potential diagnostic and therapeutic values in breast cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in women and still poses a significant threat to women worldwide. Recurrence of BC in situ, metastasis to distant organs, and resistance to chemotherapy are all attached to high mortality in patients with BC. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) of the type known as "circRNA" links together from one end to another to create a covalently closed, single-stranded circular molecule. With characteristics including plurality, evolutionary conservation, stability, and particularity, they are extensively prevalent in various species and a range of human cells. CircRNAs are new and significant contributors to several kinds of disorders, includingcardiovascular disease, multiple organ inflammatory responses and malignancies. Recent studies have shown that circRNAs play crucial roles in the occurrence of breast cancer by interacting with miRNAs to regulate gene expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional levels. CircRNAs offer the potential to be therapeutic targets for breast cancer treatment as well as prospective biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of BC. Here, we are about to present an overview of the functions of circRNAs in the proliferation, invasion, migration, and resistance to medicines of breast cancer cells and serve as a promising resource for future investigations on the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies.

Recovery from Addictions in Europe: Theory, Models and Methods

Abstract Recovery is a therapeutic intervention in addictive behaviors (and other kind of disorders), based in the improvement of personal, social and collective skins and capacities, in order to improve the health and social balance and to decrease the impact of substance use and other addictions. In the book Recovery from Addictions in Europe: Theory, models and Methods, the author makes an analysis of the history of the concept (including the Recovery Capital concept and the development of the Science of Recovery), the evolution of the interventions, an evaluation of good practices and a critical reflection about what it works and what it needs improvement in Recovery Oriented programs. Main conclusions are the increasing of the Science of Recovery, the necessary adaptation of Recovery oriented programs and other interventions to actual addictive behaviors and the development of a Recovery oriented model (the HERMESS model). Keywords: Recovery capital, HERMESS model, evaluation of programs, mixed methodology, Science of Recovery.

A Novel UHPLC-MS/MS Method for the Measurement of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 in Canine Serum and Its Application to Healthy Dogs.

Several studies have shown the importance of vitamin D3 supplementation in small animals. In dogs, a low vitamin D3 status is associated not only with bone metabolism but also with different kinds of disorders, such as congestive heart failure, gastrointestinal diseases, chronic kidney diseases, and some types of cancer. However, it is crucial to maintain balance and monitor the introduction of this essential nutrient through the diet because over-supplementation can result in toxicity. Due to the clinical importance of assessing the vitamin D3 status in small animal patients, a quick, simple, and highly performing analytical method for its measurement is needed. In this study, we describe the development of a novel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 quantification in canine serum. The approach was successfully validated following current European guidelines, proving excellent linearity (R2 always ≥0.996), accuracy (always within ±13%) and precision (always <10%). The application of the validated approach to samples collected from 40 healthy dogs made possible the definition of a reliable reference interval for 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, the main biomarker of vitamin D3. In addition, variations below 5% in the results obtained quantifying the same samples using a water-based calibration curve demonstrated that a surrogate matrix may be used without affecting data accuracy. Thanks to its simplicity, the proposed technique represents a useful tool for supporting clinical routine and investigating correlations between serum concentrations of this metabolite and multiple diseases. Additionally, it could enable the monitoring of supplementation in small animal patients in veterinary clinical practice.

A Review on Fundaments of Adravyabhuta Chikitsa

Ayurveda is a life science, consist of methods promoting healthy life along with treatment of diseases. Today, nearly one billion people live with a mental disorder and in low-income country, more than 75% population with such kind of disorders don’t receives treatment. Every year, close to three million people die due to substance abuse and in every 40 seconds, a person dies by suicide. About 50% of mental disorders started at the age by 14. Through Ayurvedic Psychotherapy, patient made to feel that he/she is capable to get rid of diseases because "मनोजितं ये जगज्जितं तेन". Here the Psychotherapist promotes the patient to increase his will power along with purification of Mana and similar statement also given by Acharya Vagbhattaa i.e., ‘‘करुणार्द्र मनः शुद्धं सर्वज्वरं विनाषनम्।’’

Synthesis and hLDH Inhibitory Activity of Analogues to Natural Products with 2,8-Dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Scaffold.

Human lactate dehydrogenase (hLDH) is a tetrameric enzyme present in almost all tissues. Among its five different isoforms, hLDHA and hLDHB are the predominant ones. In the last few years, hLDHA has emerged as a therapeutic target for the treatment of several kinds of disorders, including cancer and primary hyperoxaluria. hLDHA inhibition has been clinically validated as a safe therapeutic method and clinical trials using biotechnological approaches are currently being evaluated. Despite the well-known advantages of pharmacological treatments based on small-molecule drugs, few compounds are currently in preclinical stage. We have recently reported the detection of some 2,8-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane core derivatives as new hLDHA inhibitors. Here, we extended our work synthesizing a large number of derivatives (42-70) by reaction between flavylium salts (27-35) and several nucleophiles (36-41). Nine 2,8-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives showed IC50 values lower than 10 µM against hLDHA and better activity than our previously reported compound 2. In order to know the selectivity of the synthesized compounds against hLDHA, their hLDHB inhibitory activities were also measured. In particular, compounds 58, 62a, 65b, and 68a have shown the lowest IC50 values against hLDHA (3.6-12.0 µM) and the highest selectivity rate (>25). Structure-activity relationships have been deduced. Kinetic studies using a Lineweaver-Burk double-reciprocal plot have indicated that both enantiomers of 68a and 68b behave as noncompetitive inhibitors on hLDHA enzyme.

ASSESS THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING SOMATOFORM DISORDERS IN CHILDREN AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS

Somatoform disorders are recognised by physical symptoms suggestive of a medical condition that are neither medically explained nor by direct effect of a substance. Since this kind of disorders is common among children, teachers are the one who could discover it at first and find a remedy. The present study was focused to identify the level of knowledge of primary school teachers regarding Somato form disorder in children. Research design used for the present study was non-experimental descriptive research design. After obtaining a formal permission from the concerned authority and teachers, 30 teachers were selected from Sacred Heart School and Holy Family School in Thrissur, Kerala. Sampling method adopted for the present study was based on non-probability convenient sampling technique. Conceptual framework was adopted.

Indian traditional plants: medicinal properties and Human health

India is the indigenous country of traditional plant those have various medicinal activity to prevent different diseases. Indian traditional plant plays a conventional role to nourish human health. Medicinal plants contain bioactive components which functioned as secondary metabolites. These metabolites prevent many kinds of disorders without causing any side effects. Numerous pharmacological properties of medicinal plants (Tulsi, Neem, Bay leaves, Nishinda, Nayantara, Kalmegh, Mint etc.) have discussed in this review. They contain phytochemical components such as flavonoid, phenolics, phenylpropanoid, terpenoid, fatty acid, tannin, azadirachtine, azadirone, nimbin, nimbidin, menthone, pulegone, menthofuran, azulene. Due to presence of these bioactive compounds, it possesses pharmacological, therapeutic, pharmaceutical functions like antimicrobial, anti-obesity, anti-infective, antidiabetic, antileukemic, antiulcer, anticancer, antiallergic, antioxidant properties. The object of this review is aimed to elaborate the scientific discussion about phytoconstituent and pharmacological functions of these traditional medicinal plant.

Acute exertional liver failure in 41-year-old participant of long-distance run

Physical activity is an important part of life to safe human health. It ensures the proper functioning of the body and enables the maintenance of a dynamic balance, called homeostasis. Pro-health function is fulfilled when physical exercise is well-balanced and preceded by an appropriate body preparation, used as far as possible and adapted to the prevailing conditions. The impact of physical exertion on cardiovascular, musculoskeletal urinary and other systems have been reported in literature. Little attention is paid to liver’s metabolic changes during intensive exercises, especially on the possible negative impact of excessive physical activity. This kind of disorders can be proved by lab tests. The results are diversified and depend on person and may provide to the dysfunctions of the organ. The medical history of the presented patient – a participant of the long-distance run with acute liver and kidneys failure with neuronal and cardio-vascular symptoms have been presented. This case documents the risk of organs damage in the active people, especially liver disfunctions, in people undertaking physical activity. The work is also a synthetic compendium of knowledge on the role of the liver in the body, the influence of physical activity on the functioning of the liver and extrahepatic aspects that may affect the functioning of the organ and the levels of serum transaminases.

PEDAGOGIK ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS

Pedagogy is the science or art of being a teacher, pedagogy also refers to the proper use of teaching strategies. The learning of children with special needs requires a separate pattern that is different from learning for normal children. This is due to the existence of separate disorders that differ from one another. Students who go to school have many learning difficulties, because they generally have developmental barriers physically, emotionally, intelligence and creativity. One of the efforts for classroom teachers is to seek a form of learning intervention to overcome various kinds of disorders and the needs of their students. Teacher-interventions are mixed in such a way that they can be applied in learning and guidance on inappropriate behavior (PSS). By applying operant conditioning , and directed to a positive psychopedagogical perspective, a learning program that utilizes the Competency-Based Curriculum (KBK) is drawn up. Learning Model by utilizing Competency-Based Curriculum is one solution to overcome teacher-class difficulties in the preparation, implementation, and evaluation of individualized learning outcomes (Individualized Educational Programs). The final result is behavioral improvement that is programmed in stages through "intermediate goals" which are used as output targets in odd semesters, and "annual targets" in even semesters.

Plasma metabolomics analyses highlight the multifaceted effects of noise exposure and the diagnostic power of dysregulated metabolites for noise-induced hearing loss in steel workers.

Noise exposure can lead to various kinds of disorders. Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is one of the leading disorders confusing the noise-exposed workers. It is essential to identify NIHL markers for its early diagnosis and new therapeutic targets for its treatment. In this study, a total of 90 plasma samples from 60 noise-exposed steel factory male workers (the noise group) with (NIHL group, n = 30) and without NIHL (non-NIHL group, n = 30) and 30 male controls without noise exposure (control group) were collected. Untargeted human plasma metabolomic profiles were determined with HPLC-MS/MS. The levels of the metabolites in the samples were normalized to total peak intensity, and the processed data were subjected to multivariate data analysis. The Wilcoxon test and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were performed. With the threshold of p < 0.05 and the variable importance of projection (VIP) value >1, 469 differential plasma metabolites associated with noise exposure (DMs-NE) were identified, and their associated 58 KEGG pathways were indicated. In total, 33 differential metabolites associated with NIHL (DMs-NIHL) and their associated 12 KEGG pathways were identified. There were six common pathways associated with both noise exposure and NIHL. Through multiple comparisons, seven metabolites were shown to be dysregulated in the NIHL group compared with the other two groups. Through LASSO regression analysis, two risk models were constructed for NIHL status predication which could discriminate NIHL from non-NIHL workers with the area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.840 and 0.872, respectively, indicating their efficiency in NIHL diagnosis. To validate the results of the metabolomics, cochlear gene expression comparisons between susceptible and resistant mice in the GSE8342 dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were performed. The immune response and cell death-related processes were highlighted for their close relations with noise exposure, indicating their critical roles in noise-induced disorders. We concluded that there was a significant difference between the metabolite’s profiles between NIHL cases and non-NIHL individuals. Noise exposure could lead to dysregulations of a variety of biological pathways, especially immune response and cell death-related processes. Our results might provide new clues for noise exposure studies and NIHL diagnosis.

Functional Imaging in Improving Children's Mental Health Based on Behavior.

At present, children's psychological and behavioral health care is mainly based on the doctor's observation and diagnosis. On the whole, it is inefficient, and the effect of health care cannot meet the current needs of children's behavior. Therefore, this paper uses the method of functional imaging to study the key factors of children's behavioral health care. In this paper, the structure and function of children's brain are associated with children's psychological behavior. The brain structure of 64 children in our city is detected by functional image processing, and 64 children are divided into groups according to the detection results. According to the children's performance, the children were divided into physical disorder (11 cases), emotional disorder (14 cases), cognitive disorder (12 cases), and normal group (42 cases). Among them, 3 cases had three kinds of disorders, 6 cases had both emotional and cognitive disorders, 7 cases had physical and emotional disorders, and 5 cases had physical and cognitive disorders. In this paper, according to the research data of functional imaging on different levels of children's brain, we use computer to model and simulate through digital conversion technology, draw the neural network Atlas of children's psychological behavior, compare the children's representation and image characteristics according to functional imaging, and then, study the relationship between children's signs and images, to make a plan for improving children's psychological behavior health care. The study shows that in the above different groups, the linear correlation between the functional imaging results and the representation of 22 abnormal children is 98%, and the fuzzy deviation is only 3.52%, which indicates that functional imaging can be used as the basic judgment basis in improving children's psychological and behavioral health care and can predict and reasonably prevent children's potential psychological behavior according to the images.

To the Delineation of the Notion of Self-Consciousness in Psychiatry: J.Ch. Reil’s Concept

The aim was to establish the rst authors of the notion and the conception of depersonalization in psychiatry, to analyze the criteria (signs) of normal and disordered consciousness in its “primary” concept. Method: the analysis of scientic works of G.E. Berrios, M. Sierra, A.A. Megrabjan, W. Maier-Gross, K. Haug, K. Oesterreich, P. Schilder, K. Jaspers, H. Dagonet, Th. Ribot, P. Janet, J. Reil and some other authors. Conclusion: although G.E. Berrios mentioned only two priority “schools” of the ΧΙΧ century developing phenomenology of consciousness and self-consciousness: French and English, we discovered that already in 1803 German physiologist, anatomist and psychiatrist J. Reil presented the original concept of self-consciousness (Selbstbewusstsein) and its deviations that in his psychopathological subtlety of elaboration did not yield to the originated much later concepts of H. Dagonet (1884, 1894) and K. Jaspers (1913). J. Reil highlighted the following properties of self-consciousness: 1) “belonging to oneself”; 2) connection of impressions in unity; 3) demarcation of “I and not I”. According to J. Reil, the nervous system compounds all parts of our body in unity in one main focal point: the brain, similarly the soul strives to processing of various impressions in unity. The state of consciousness is changeable, J. Reil marked its changeability according to ve signs: the loss of ability with necessary clarity for differentiation of subject and object; the predominance of the object with plunge into semi- darkness of the subject; the excessive lighting of the subject with corresponding shading of the external world; I-orientation in time and space; “consciousness of the past”, or continuity of “I”. Concerning the disorders of the state of self-consciousness J. Reil slightly modied these signs in: 1) the disorders of self-consciousness of “objectivity”; 2) the disorders of “subjectivity and own personality”, as a special kind of disorders of subjectivity J. Reil decribed the phenomena that later were designated by the term “depersonalization”; 3) the disorders of the soul and body unity; 4) disorders of continuity of self-consciousness (corresponding to the criterion of “I-identity” of K. Jaspers); 5) wrong reection of place and time.

The conundrum of Identitive Dissociative Disorder: about a case

IntroductionWe present the case of a 22 year old male with a history of two hospitalizations in the Psychiatric ward of our hospital with psychotic symptoms that led to a diagnosis of schizophrenia, whose later evolution arose doubts about such a diagnosis and provoked a re-examination of the case, eventually leading to a diagnosis of Dissociative Identity Disorder.ObjectivesTo present a complex case of Identity Dissociative Disorder disguised by a myriad of psychotic-like symptom and to review the links between this kind of disorders and a personal history of trauma.MethodsWe performed an extensive review of the scientific literature available regarding the topic of Dissociative Identity Disorder, using sources both in English and Spanish languages.ResultsOur patient experimented two admissions into our Psychiatric ward due to acute psychopathological symptoms (auditive pseudohallucinations and visual hallucinations attributed by the patient to two different people who could influence on his behaviour), then linked to a début of a Paranoid Schizophrenia. The follow-up of the patient in a Day Clinic related to our hospital revealed a close relationship between the described symptoms and a personal history of trauma, as well as a lack of effect of the antipsychotic medication prescribed, and the clinical case eventually evolved to the development of two distinct identities within our patient, leading to a new working diagnose of Identity Dissociative Disorder.ConclusionsIdentitive Dissociative Disorder is a complex, underestimated entity of difficult diagnosis with deep roots in personal traumatic history and whose multifaceted presentation may entail a challenge to clinicians.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Research Status in Clinical Practice Regarding Pediatric and Adolescent Bipolar Disorders.

Bipolar disorders (BDs) have high morbidity. The first onset of 27.7% of BDs occurs in children under 13 years and of 37.6% occurs in adolescents between 13 and 18 years. However, not all of the pediatric and adolescent patients with BD receive therapy in time. Therefore, studies about pediatric and adolescent patients with disorders have aroused increased attention in the scientific community. Pediatric and adolescent patients with BD present with a high prevalence rate (0.9–3.9%), and the pathogenic factors are mostly due to genetics and the environment; however, the pathological mechanisms remain unclear. Pediatric and adolescent patients with BD manifest differently from adults with BDs and the use of scales can be helpful for diagnosis and treatment evaluation. Pediatric and adolescent patients with BDs have been confirmed to have a high comorbidity rate with many other kinds of disorders. Both medication and psychological therapies have been shown to be safe and efficient methods for the treatment of BD. This review summarizes the research status related to the epidemiology, pathogenic factors, clinical manifestations, comorbidities, diagnostic and treatment scales, medications, and psychological therapies associated with BDs.

Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Its Association with Mental Health and Quality of Life among Working Physiotherapists

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are defined as “regional impairments describing as inflammation and degenerative diseases and disorders of the muscles, tendons, nerves, joints, and fascia. When the surrounding work environment, work events (work itself) and the performance of work contribute in causing such kind of disorders over a time period, then they are called work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs). It results into range of symptoms like pain, ache, disability, discomfort, fatigue, mental stress and thus resulting into loss of work time, work restriction of task, transfer to another job, sickness absenteeism and reducing overall quality of life. Workplace stress occurs in the workplace or work related organization, and is defined as “a harmful mental and physical reaction coming from discordance between employee’s ability, resources, and willingness and work requirement. Also stress coming from pain, discomfort can also alter the mental status of the person and can quality of life (QoL) of employees. Purpose of the study: To determine the Prevalence of WRMSD among working physiotherapist and the objective was to find out the association of WRMSD with mental health and quality of life. Methodology: In this study a google form was created using 3 questionnaires (Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire for determining the musculoskeletal disorder, Quality of life was assessed through WHO-BREF. Mental health was assessed by General health questionnaire (GH-12). Results: The prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among the Physiotherapists is 82%. It is also concluded that the low back and neck are the most common sites susceptible to injury followed by upper back and thighs. There was a significant association of Work related musculoskeletal disorders with quality of life only. Conclusions: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are an important health risk within the physiotherapy profession. Therefore, it is recommended that education programs on prevention and coping strategies for musculoskeletal symptoms in Physiotherapists should be made mandatory in order to decrease the risk of WRMSDs which will ultimately improve the quality of life. Keywords: [Work-Related Musculoskeletal disorders, Pain, quality of Life, Mental health, Physiotherapists, Physiotherapy]

Molecular mechanisms of hemostasis impairment in oncology

Malignant neoplasms are characterized by the presence of the hemostasis system pathology, predisposing cancer patients to thrombohemorrhagic complications. The pathogenesis of cancer-associated coagulopathy is complex and involves a variety of mechanisms. Tumor cells have the ability to activate the host’s hemostasis system, and this phenomenon is controlled by the same oncogenes that are responsible for neoplastic transformation. In addition to predisposing factors to impaired hemostasis from the side of the disease, the anticancer drugs themselves carry risks of developing coagulation disorders. The pathophysiological basis of this kind of disorders caused by chemotherapy is associated with damage to the endothelium, imbalance of coagulation and anticoagulant proteins, platelet dysfunction and their deficiency. In this article, the authors set themselves the goal of generalizing and updating the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that cause thrombohemorrhagic risk in cancer.

HUBUNGAN KECEMASAN TERHADAP KELUHAN MENOPAUSE PADA WANITA USIA 45-50 TAHUN DI KECAMATAN TANAH SEREAL KOTA BOGOR

The health problem of women towards elderly is menopause syndrome starting from 40 to 45 years old and it needs attention. It is estimated that one-third of a woman's life span will be in age with a hypoestrogen condition. Women will experience various kinds of disorders both physically and psychologically which negatively impact both in the short and long term. Factors that can influence complaints during menopause are physiological factors due to decreased ovarian activity, socio-cultural and psychological factors that underlie women's personality. &#x0D; This study used a cross sectional approach which aims to learn more about the relationship between anxiety levels with menopausal women's complaints. The research was carried out in the working area of the Tanah Sareal Community Health Center, Central Bogor District, starting from Oktober until November 2020 with a questioner via E-form conducted to 107 respondents. Results: The age of the respondents was dominated by 50-55 years with an elementary and high school education background. In general, respondents are married and some have normal nutritional status and tend to be obese, most of them do not smoke. Bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between anxiety and menopause complaints. Multivariate analysis confounder test with regression, the variable anxiety was the most closely related to menopausal complaints with p = 0.023 and an OR value of 5.7. It is recommended that Tanah Sereal Puskesmas carry out health promotion to change women's views about menopause as a physiological thing and pay more attention to psychological aspects in providing health services. The results of this study can be taken into consideration in developing a nursing intervention model in the form of more comprehensive health promotion in preventing and overcoming menopausal complaints by involving family members.

Bauhinia variegate (Kanchnara), An ornamental Plant with significant value in Ayurvedic and Folk Medicinal system

Medicinal plants are important part of traditional medication system. These plants are also the primary source of modern drugs. One such important medicinal plant is Bauhinia variegate (orchid tree) commonly called as Kanchanara in Hindi and Mountain Ebony in English. It belongs to Caesalpiniaceae family. It is one of the most common tree species found throughout the India. This tree is known for its beautiful scented and aesthetic white pinkish flowers. It is traditionally used in many folk cultures around the country for various kind of disorders. It is commonly used plant species in Indian cuisine. Its flower buds are commonly used as vegetables in many regions of India. It holds a significant place in Ayurveda for its curative and healing properties in many diseases especially cervical lymphadenitis, hemorrhage, rectal prolapse, menorrhagia, leukoderma etc. It is used in many Ayurvedic polyherbal formulations as a main ingredient like Kanchanara Guggulu, Ushirasava, Vidangarishta etc. It has diverse nature of phytochemical constituents present in it which are responsible for extraordinary therapeutic properties like anti-microbial, anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, haemagglutination, anti-oxidant, antigoitrogenic, nephroprotective. The aim of present review is to provide information related to phytochemistry, traditional uses in Ayurveda and folk medicinal system and therapeutic properties of Bauhinia variegate.