Kind Of Disability Research Articles

ACESSIBILIDADE À PESSOA COM DEFICIÊNCIA NOS CARTÓRIOS EXTRAJUDICIAIS

The aim of this article is to discuss the problem of the accessibility for the disabled in extrajudicial notary and registry offices. To fulfill this aim, the article firstly talks about the range of the concept of accessibility, its social relevance, the laws that rules this subject, and the challenges and difficulties faced by people with disabilities. On the other hand, this essay demonstrates that the extrajudicial notary and registry offices have a lot of responsibility towards the Brazilian society, not only because their attributions are public but also due to the relevance of their services – specially in the current moment in which there is a tendency of dejudicialization in Brazil. Therefore, considering the inevitable conclusion that the extrajudicial notary and registry offices must be accessible to people with all kinds of disabilities, the paper will examine the wide range of measures and cautions that these offices should take to achieve this purpose, based on some projects that already exist.

Understanding the association of disability with multimorbidity, and healthcare utilization in India's older adult population: insights from cross-sectional evidence of SAGE-2.

Like other low-and middle-income countries, India is undergoing a demographic and epidemiologic shift that has led to a significant rise in the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Evidence suggests that chronic illnesses and disability are linked but limited studies have explored the association between disability and multimorbidity (simultaneous presence of two or more chronic conditions). Since the magnitude of multimorbidity is becoming a norm, it is prudent to understand the association between these two. We aimed to estimate the association between disability and multimorbidity and assess their healthcare utilization among older adults in India using a nationally representative data. We employed data from the second round of World Health Organization's Study on Global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) conducted in 2015. SAGE is a nation-wide survey conducted among a representative sample of older adults aged ≥50 years, a total of 7,118 participants aged ≥50 years were included in the analysis. The main outcome of interest was disability for which we used WHODAS 2.0 scoring scale which ranges from 0 to 100. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and proportion were used to report the characteristics of study population, and prevalence. We performed the univariable followed by multiple ordinal logistic regression to assess the association between disability and multimorbidity, reported as adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and p-value. Healthcare utilization was presented as frequency and proportion. The overall prevalence of disability was found to be 89.0% (95% CI: 88.3-89.8) while that of multimorbidity was 39.7% (95% CI: 35.6-37.8). Most of the participants had moderate followed by mild disability. Hypertension (32.7%) was found to be the most prevalent chronic condition followed by cataract (21.3%). The chances of having disability among multimorbid individuals was AOR: 1.40 (95% CI: 1.13-1.75). Participants having disability and multimorbidity mostly visited private sector followed by public healthcare facilities. We observed that nine out of every 10 individuals had some kind of disability in India. We observed multimorbidity to be associated with disability that signifies the need for including disabilities as a part of NCD program as these factors could be bi-directional. Longitudinal studies for disability will be helpful to better understand and address the growing needs of these individuals.

A PERSPECTIVA DE PROFESSORES DOS CENTROS MUNICIPAIS DE EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL SOBRE A EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA DE CRIANÇAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA

Throughout history, people with disabilities have gained greater visibility and autonomy. The study aims to understand the perspective of teachers at Municipal Early Childhood Education Centers (CMEIs) on inclusive education for children with disabilities. Four CMEIs participated in the research, where a qualitative and quantitative questionnaire was applied. The results showed that 76.9% of the teachers had already had students with some kind of disability, 86.7% of them received guidance on how to deal with students with disabilities, 87.1% stated that they could work with some types of disabilities and, even though they were trained, 59% of the teachers reported feeling helpless when it came to welcoming children with disabilities. 43.6% of the teachers said they could not identify any delays in their students, 94.9% of the participants reported on the ability of physiotherapists to work on the motor development of children and 79.4% of these professionals stated that they had never witnessed situations of exclusion of children with disabilities in the CMEIs. It is concluded that the inclusion of children with disabilities in the school environment is still a challenge for most education professionals. Most teachers received training to deal with children with disabilities and stated that they had never witnessed situations of exclusion of children with disabilities in schools. Some teachers feel that they need more training and qualifications to welcome these children so that they can promote and stimulate their development. For them, the presence of a physiotherapist in the school environment is important for the development of children and contributes to an inclusive education.

An Analysis of Parental Quality of Life Following an Autism Diagnosis for their Children

The primary goal of this study's contents is to systematically review earlier studies on the quality of life in parents of autistic children and provide a significant analysis of the ways in which societal themes and facets influence the current state of affairs. Using the four dimensions of the quality of life—the physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains—as a guide, this analysis has attempted to address significant and noteworthy aspects as indicated by World Health Organization (2012).In the present study, I intend to explore the parents’ opinions regarding their quality of life towards diagnosis of their children with autism. This systematic review, which adhered to PRISMA principles, sought to find and evaluate pertinent studies on parents of autistic children's quality of life (QoL). Twenty-five studies were found to be potentially relevant after a preliminary search. 12 studies were eliminated after the preset inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied because they did not meet methodological requirements, did not focus on the same demographic, or did not fall within the relevant timeframe. As a result, six papers were left in the final pool for additional synthesis and analysis. According to this review, mothers reported lower levels of physical, psychological, and environmental comfort than fathers. In the psychological and physical dimensions of QOL level, mothers and fathers differ significantly from one another. The majority of parents expressed dissatisfaction over their family life and relationships being negatively impacted by their inability to obtain funds, specialist intervention programs, and prompt diagnosis. Nonetheless, parents concurrently expressed favourable views of transformation resulting from diagnosis and successful intervention. Families with children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder may face additional stressors due to delays and challenges in diagnosis and service availability. Families' social and professional lives, as well as their connections with friends and relatives, are all impacted by raising a child with autism. The study suggests that raising awareness about the quality of life for families of children with autism is necessary. To protect the most vulnerable families, the state should enact laws and policies pertaining to disabilities and educate the public about the various kinds of disabilities. These initial results add to our understanding of the perspectives of parents of disabled children on their child's quality of life.

Rehabilitation Engineering: A Narrative Review on Recent Advances in Mobility Aids in India.

Mobility has been characterized as the capacity to move across an environment safely, pleasantly, elegantly, and autonomously. India's current population is 1.4 billion, out of which 2.3%, i.e., 32 million people, are suffering from some kind of disability. With the rise in the geriatric population, the incidence of non-communicable and communicable diseases also rises and presents the risk of disorders that may progress to disability. People often neglect their disability and learn to live with it, even when most of them can use rehabilitation programs in conjunction with various mobility aids. Affordable access to adequate healthcare and assistive devices is limited, contributing to the challenges faced by disabled adults. Despite the potential for many disabled individuals to engage in productive work, their employment rates remain significantly lower. Mobility aids can provide significant benefits to individuals affected by a range of medical conditions, including arthritis, cerebral palsy, developmental disabilities, diabetic ulcers and wounds, fractures or broken bones, injuries, and walking impairments resulting from brain injury or stroke. Each person is different and may require help in a certain way for their disability, so choosing the most appropriate aid is crucial for the individual's well-being. Commonly used mobility aids are canes, walking sticks, walkers, and wheelchairs, with prostheses being used less commonly. With the advent of techniques such as state-of-the-art 3D printing and challenging surgeries, various Indian tech companies, along with non-governmental organizations (NGOs), have brought about many significant changes in the world of prosthesis by making it better, affordable, and accessible.

Group Sessions Performance Feedback System to Promote Physical Activity and Heath Decisions- Making

Introduction: In recent times, there has been a boom in data analytics in different sectors (banking, retail...) this type of task facilitate decision-making or helps to better understand the needs of patients/users. Now, these techniques are also starting to be implemented in the world of physical activity, with different objectives. Among them may be the prevention/prediction of injuries, or obtaining the maximum performance, but they are also an element to analyze the physical activity of chronic patients, people with special needs or elderly people. This project promoted activities such as walking, physical activity in parks or in the gym in groups. 
 Objectives: The main objectives are:
 - to capture and digitize all available information 
 - to design an interactive web application to help doctors, caregivers and patients themselves to make decisions about their health.
 - to test the application results with the final users
 Methodology: The data come from activity wristbands and video recordings of group exercise over several sessions (alt least 2-3 sessions).
 The groups that have participated in the tests are composed of between 5 and 15 people (of legal age), and all of them with some kind of disability or chronic disease. The recordings have been made on a minimum of 3 sessions per group carried out on different dates and with repetition of exercises.
 After extracting and digitizing all the data, it is stored in a database, and analyzed following the CRISP-DM methodology. 
 Results: The resulting application allows visualization of individual and collective statistics of measured variables, comparisons of performance between patients/users, and provides information in text that can be interpreted by anyone.
 All users receive feedback after their sessions via cell phone, and they, as well as their doctors or caregivers, can review the detail in the interactive application.

Tourism marketing for accessible tourism (tourism for persons with disabilities) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Purpose: The study determines how accessible tourism (tourism for individuals with disabilities) is marketed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and how respondents' responses varied based on their gender, kind of disability, and geographic location.
 
 Methods: The descriptive survey method was employed to fulfill the study's objective. After confirming the indicators of its validity and stability in the Saudi context, the researchers designed the study instrument "electronic questionnaire" that consisted of (18) items divided throughout three domains: (tourism planning, tourist sales and goods, and tourism services). The instrument was used on a sample of (142) male and female participants with impairments (physically challenged, visually impaired, and hearing impaired) who were chosen by the stratified random technique from three locations in the south of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Najran, Jazan, and Asir).
 
 Results: The results indicated that accessible tourism (travel for people with disabilities) marketing reality in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is at a low level. In addition, it was discovered that the variables of gender, type of disability, and region have no statistically significant impact on the reality of tourism marketing for accessible tourism (tourism for people with disabilities) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study recommended that broad steps and measures be taken by the Saudi government and the Tourism and Leisure Authority toward developing tourism marketing for accessible tourism. Therefore, these measures should meet the needs of people with disabilities, attracting them and placing accessible tourism on the local and international tourism map.
 
 Implications and values: Broad steps and measures must be taken from the Saudi government and the Tourism and Entertainment Authority towards developing tourism marketing for accessible tourism to suit the requirements and needs of people with disabilities, attract them, and place accessible tourism on the map of local and global tourism.

Dual-Exceptionality among Students: A Review of the Crucial but Hidden Phenomenon

In the present scenario of an inclusive environment, the focus is mainly on providing equal education to all students despite special needs. In other words, inclusive education is the need of time. This study deals with the hidden phenomenon of a student who, on the one hand, has a kind of disability, on the other hand, possesses Giftedness. However, the masking effect of either disability or Giftedness keeps this phenomenon hidden from parents, teachers, and even students themselves. This hidden phenomenon, popularly known as dual-exceptionality, is not considered crucial in most schools, which becomes an obstacle to the academic and overall growth of those students who are not exactly like their peers. The present study helps to understand the concept of dual exceptionality and its impact on the learning process by providing an insight for researchers to draw conclusions regarding the presence of dual exceptionality, its impact on learners, and even on teaching. The findings lead to suggestions that such factors should be considered in pedagogy, and researchers, pedagogues, special educators and planners should take into account the factor of twice or dual exceptionality and ulitise for better educational outcomes. It is quite likely that the teachers need to be further trained so that they can handle inclusive classrooms effectively by employing differentiated instruction.

Convenience and Sensory Experience: Analysis of Using Website as a Medium to Read

With the development of technology, the advent of e-books, computers, smartphones, and other electronic devices expanded the range of choices of media for reading, it also changed the way people consume information. Website, as a reading platform, has its advantages and disadvantages in reading experiences. For example, with a device connected to the internet, people can easily gain information and access what they want to read. Unlike traditional reading media such as books and newspapers, the website enables a variety of multimedia content, such as videos, animation, and images, which can make reading more engaging and informative, which further allows readers to enhance their understanding of a topic. However, as with any digital media, website reading may cause eye fatigue. And the movable images and inconsistent set type may be a disturbance. The diversity and potentiality of web reading call for advanced studies to further optimize the readers experience and eliminate the inferior strength of web reading. Compared with traditional printed media, this paper explores how website increases readers experiences in the field of sensory elements, interaction, and accessibility. The research methodology employed for this thesis involved reviewing academic literature and case studies. The results of the research indicate that websites indeed increase reading experiences for both people with and without disabilities. The findings suggest that websites provide readers with an attractive, delightful, and interactive experience. And the personalized settings, such as font size change, color adjustment, and alternative text, further increase the experience for people with different kinds of disabilities.

Overlap of pain-related and general measures of disability among adults with chronic pain.

Chronic pain is known to be correlated with disability. We aimed to determine the overlap between a general self-reported measure of disability and a measure of disability due to pain problems among adults with chronic pain. We used data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and analyzed respondents with chronic pain in the past 3 months. General disability was defined as being limited in the kind or amount of work one can do due to any physical, mental, or emotional problem. Pain-related disability was defined as pain limiting one's activity on "most days" or "every day." Based on a sample of 6874 respondents with chronic pain, 58% had either kind of disability, including 9% who reported only pain-related, but not general disability; and 27% who reported both types of disability. Respondents reporting only pain-related, but not general disability tended to be younger and had lower rates of obesity, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension than respondents reporting both pain-related and general disability. Among people with chronic pain, most people with disability are experiencing limitations related to pain problems. Assessment of disability without addressing pain interference has likely underestimated the disability burden in this population.

Can Virtual Reality Become an Instrument in Favor of Territory Economy and Sustainability?

The study aims to identify how virtual reality technology can help protect and conserve flora and fauna in national parks and other environmental settings. To this end, the literature published in the Scopus database is examined. A Systematic Literature Review methodology from 2018 to 2022 and an Empirical Research (survey) applied to tourism in natural areas, mainly national parks, have been proposed. Virtual reality technology is particularly useful as a complement or alternative to visiting national parks. The main results indicate that, currently, daily life confronts us with stressful situations that can be mitigated through ecotourism, as well as virtual reality applications, such as games and videos, which interactively inform about the species of flora and fauna present in the park visited. This helps in the conservation and protection of endangered species, the conservation of the forest, as well as archaeological heritage sites present in these natural parks. The development and implementation of this technology varies from one context to another. It is beneficial for people with some kind of disability or for the physical effort involved in long walks, even on steep terrain, and sometimes it improves the conditions of access to the national park and the dangers related to such an exciting adventure.

Stuttering As a Disability in Pakistan; Policies and Its Implementation

Objective: Stuttering is a disorder of speech fluency not only includes academic and social consequences but also has emotional/behavioral outcomes. Stuttering leads to negative emotions and feelings i.e., low confidence, frustration, shame, embarrassment, poor self-image, and negative social identity. The present study was aimed at incorporating the definition of disability in Pakistan policy and determining the position of stuttering in it. Materials and Methods: The nature of the current study is qualitatively conducted on 10 Participants approached through convenient sapling and exploring their responses through Thematic analysis. Participants falling in this category were recruited into the study from SLPs, Lawyers, disability advocates, and CSPs as per inclusion criteria. Common masses were excluded from the study. A Self-Developed Questionnaire/structured interviews were conducted. Questions developed by the Lawshe method. The tool was validated through content validity by 10“experts”. Results: Thematic analysis was done and the findings of the study indicated an individual’s negative reaction towards association with any kind of disability and communication barriers are also the main source of not fitting disability as a definition. Results also showed that lack of assessment and screening tools are the main barrier, however, Visibility as per data in research publications also consider a barrier towards recognition of it. Conclusion: The study has practical implications regarding stuttering as a Disability in Pakistan.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in children with neurodevelopment disorders

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in a pediatric population selected for neurodevelopmental disorders.METHODS: The study was carried out within our pediatric outpatient in Pediatric Unit of Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital of Rome, enrolling 54 children aged between 7 and 17 years, with diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorder and 54 children, without any kind of disability. Data collection was carried out by completing two questionnaires, ICAST-C and ICAST-P, respectively for children and caregivers.RESULTS: Comparing the two groups of children, Student’s t-Test showed a statistically significant value (P<0.05) for eight questions. This study was conducted in accordance with the regulatory standards of Good Clinical Practice and the Declaration of Helsinki.CONCLUSIONS: Children with neurodevelopmental disorders are victims of ACEs with frequency greater than the control group and the type of abuse that they suffer is mainly psychological and physical.

The Association between Internet Use and Depression Risk among Chinese Adults, Middle-Aged and Older, with Disabilities

Background: Globally, nearly 15% of people suffer from various kinds of disabilities, and China has the largest disabled population in the world. The poor mental health status of people with disabilities has become an essential issue in most countries. The main aim of this study was to explore the potential impact of internet use on depression risk among middle-aged and older adults with different types of disabilities. Methods: The data used in this study were obtained from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) collected by Peking University. A binary logit model was used to analyze the impact of internet use on the depression risk among adults with disabilities, and the substitute variable method and the propensity score matching method were used to examine the robustness of the results. Results: (1) Internet use was negatively associated with depression risk among disabled people, and the higher the frequency of their internet use, the lower the probability of their depression risk. (2) Different social activities related to the internet had different impacts on the depression risk, and the decline in depression risk was mainly related to watching videos, watching news, and chatting via the internet. (3) Internet use reduced the depression risk of adults with physical disabilities, but had no impact on those with other types of disabilities. Conclusions: Our study suggests that internet use may have a positive spillover effect on decreasing the depression risk of disabled people, but the reduction effect is significantly affected by the social activities related to the internet and the types of disabilities.

Digital methods in the development of adaptive clothing for people with disabilities

Social integration of people with disabilities is a significant issue, therefore effective interventions to provide improvement of quality of life for people who have some kinds of disabilities are crucial. Specialists from various fields, including those in the field of clothing design, are working on creating products that meet people with disabilities’ needs. These products must be ergonomic, comfortable and provide the necessary psychological comfort. The whole process of designing functional products is very complex, it requires continuous research, using knowledge from various fields for better development of products. This paper addresses the topic of developing adaptive clothing for people with multiple sclerosis in the context of social inclusion and adaptation to new ways of life. All the proposals and ideas are analysed accordingly and different constructive and technological solutions are proposed to customize and adapt the basic clothing.

Sign Language Recognition Using Landmark Detection, GRU and LSTM

Speech impairment is a kind of disability, affects individual's ability to communicate with each other. People with this problem use sign language for their communication. Though communication through sign language has been taken care of, there exists communication gap between signed and non-signed people. To overcome this type of complexity researchers are trying to develop systems using deep learning approach. The main objective of this paper is subject to implement a vision-based application that offers translation of sign language to voice message and text to reduce the gap between two kinds of people mentioned above. The proposed model extracts temporal and spatial features after taking video sequences. To extract the spatial features, MediaPipe Holistic has been used that consists of several solutions for the detecting face, had and pose landmarks. Different kind of RNN (Recurrent Neural Network) like LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) and GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit) have been used is to train on temporal features. By using both models and American Signed Language, 99% accuracy has been achieved. The experimental result shows that the recognition method with MediaPipe Holistic followed by GRU or LSTM can achieve a high recognition rate that meets the need of a Sign Language Recognition system that on the real-time basis. Based on the expectation, this analysis will facilitate creation of intelligent- based Sign Language Recognition systems and knowledge accumulation and provide direction to guide to the correct path.

The Trends of Verbal Bullying among University Students: A Sociolinguistic Analysis

Bullying remains a pervasive problem within the educational institutions of Pakistan. Students, especially the ones with any kind of disability are constant victims of bullying. Among the many forms of bullying, verbal bullying is the most common one. The objectives of the present study are to understand the trends of verbal bullying behavior within Pakistani Universities and to identify practical bullying prevention strategies. The study is delimited to studying only the verbal bullying that relates to the use of language to persecute, oppress or victimize people. The researcher has delimited the study to the undergraduate students of three major universities in Islamabad Pakistan: FAST-NUCES, NUST, and NUML. The present study uses questionnaires as a method of data collection. The study highlights the effects of verbal bullying on the health, well-being and also on educational career of students. This study concluded that bullying culture is common among the universities of Pakistan which is mainly reflected in the language students use. Keeping in mind the findings of the study, better strategies can be suggested to the educational institutions to deal with the bullying culture in their institutes so that students do not suffer at the hands of the bullies.

Family counseling with a child with learning disabilities or disability

In this study we present the term counseling that should be used by parents who acquire a child with a disability or learning disabilities as well as the role of counselor and parent during the counseling process. Aim: The main purpose of the article is to approach the concept of family counseling with a child with learning disabilities or disability. The relevant counseling that should be followed is presented, the role of the counselor is also discussed, as well as the role of the parents in the process. Method: a review of the literature related to family counseling was made and the most representative articles on the concept were selected. Conclusions: Counseling for families with children with special needs, whether it is some kind of disability or a special learning disability, can offer a better quality of life, peace of mind and clarity in order to help the child properly and effectively.

Children’s Attitudes towards Inclusion of Visually Impaired Students in Physical Education Classes: Gender Differences

Study purpose. The study purpose was to investigate gender differences in children’s attitudes toward the inclusion of a student with visual impairment in physical education classes.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study sample comprised 419 able-bodied primary school students in 6th to 9th grade (boys, n=204, mean age 13.23±1.17 years; girls, n=215, mean age 13.08±1.19 years). A modified version of the standardized attitudinal questionnaire CAIPE-R for the inclusion of visually impaired (VI) students was used as a research method. The internal reliability of CAIPE-R was measured using Cronbach’s α. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess the normality of sample distribution. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test was used to assess differences between boys and girls, and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test assessed differences between general and sport-specific attitudes.&#x0D; Results. Boys presented rather neutral or indifferent (mean scores 3.19, 3.44 points) attitudes, and girls had slightly positive (mean scores 3.59, 3.74 points) attitudes toward inclusive physical education (PE). Girls, compared to boys, expressed more positive general (U=16786, p=0.000) as well as sport-specific (U=16586, p=0.003) attitudes towards the inclusion of the VI student in PE classes. Both groups of children declared more positive general attitudes than sport-specific attitudes towards the inclusion of VI students (boys, Z=-4.230, p=0.000; girls, Z=-3.015, p=0.003).&#x0D; Conclusions. Girls expressed more positive general and sport-specific attitudes towards the inclusion of VI students in PE classes than boys. Boys’ attitudes were only neutral or indifferent, and girls’ attitudes were only moderately positive. Both genders declared more positive general attitudes towards the inclusion of VI students in PE classes compared to sport-specific attitudes. Taking into consideration the above, to find the most appropriate solutions as regards the inclusion of students with different kinds of disabilities in PE classes, it is necessary to learn more about the attitudes towards inclusion from students, teachers, and school management.

Access to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Services and Other Preventive Measures against COVID-19 among People with Disabilities, Dodoma, Tanzania.

ABSTRACT.Access to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) among people with disabilities is a great concern in developing countries. During COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, in addition to other preventive measures the government of Tanzania invested heavily on handwashing facilities in public places. However, the interventions were mostly for the general population. A big question was the appropriateness of the preventive measures to address different kinds of disabilities. The study was conducted to assess access to WASH and other preventive measures against COVID-19 among people with disabilities. This was a qualitative study where a total of 16 key informant interviews and nine focus group discussions were conducted. The study was carried out in seven districts of Dodoma region, Tanzania. Findings show that there were inadequate WASH and other COVID-19 preventive measures designed specifically for people with disabilities against the pandemic. Many people with disabilities experienced challenges in accessing adequate water for handwashing and using handwashing facilities installed for general population. Also they received inadequate health education and timely communication on COVID-19 preventive measures in addition to challenges in keeping distance and accessing and use of face masks and sanitizers. People with mobility, hearing, and vision impairments were mostly affected. There was no representation of people with disability at the national COVID-19 task force. Specific programs for people with disabilities to address access to WASH and other preventive measures against COVID-19 would address most of the identified challenges.