Kind Of Conjunction Research Articles

Grammatical Cohesion Analysis in the Short Story “The Devoted Friend” by Oscar Wilde

This study examined about grammatical cohesion that applied in the short story “The Devoted Friend. The aims of the research is to identify the different forms of grammatical cohesiveness and their applications in the short narrative "The Devoted Friend." The descriptive qualitative method was used to analyze the data. The study's findings were communicated both formally and informally. The data was taken from Oscar Wilde's short story "The Devoted Friend," and it was examined using Halliday and Hasan's (1976) cohesion theory to look at the various forms of grammatical cohesion and how they are used. The results indicate that the short story uses two different forms of grammatical cohesion: conjunction and reference. Within the short story "The Devoted Friend," there are three different kinds of references: demonstrative, comparative, and personal. There are three different kinds of conjunctions: causal, adversative, and additive conjunctions. The most prevalent type of grammatical cohesion in the short story is personal reference occurs 124 times, whereas comparative reference occurs 13 times, making it the least frequently occurring type.

Exploring Students’ Ability in Applying Conjunction in Writing Re-search Proposal at Eight Semester Students of Unimuda Sorong

Although having three courses of writing, college students’ especially at Unimuda Sorong often forget to apply conjunction to their writing when composing text. Students also tended to make very long sentence in a text that sometimes make the main ideas were difficult to be understood. Thus, this research aimed at exploring students’ ability in applying conjunction in writing research proposal. This qualitative research design used eight semester of English department students as the subject. The data was collected by document analysis. The obtained data was analyzed using the theory by Spradley. The results of this research showed that English department students’ used three kinds of conjunction, these were coordinating conjunction, correlative conjunction and subordinating conjunction, to join clauses or ideas. The mostly used conjunctions were coordinating conjunction and subordinating conjunction. In the chapter introduction, the conjunctions used to emphasize, give detail information and give strong reason for taking certain topic for research. It also used to influence the reader to agree with the information presented by the researchers. In the chapter research methodology, the students tended to use subordinating conjunction to ease students in presenting phases or steps in planning, organizing and conducting their research

A CORPUS-BASED ANALYSIS OF CONJUNCTION IN BUSINESS ARTICLE OF Jakartaglobe.id

An article is one of the media to search for information and also knowledge. EFL students can read an article on a website that can be accessed from a smartphone. Online media is beneficial in finding information. In this era, many websites can be accessed to get a piece of information. Jakartaglobe.id is one of many websites. From Jakartaglobe.id students can search about lifestyle, opinion, business, news, and technology. This information can be from Indonesia or around the world. It is easy to search. Grammar is essential for some articles. In grammar, we can learn about a part of speech. In part of speech, we learn about nouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives, pronouns, prepositions, and conjunction. This paper focuses on conjunction. The conjunctions are a word to connect some words or clauses to become a sentence. The conjunction is important to know or understand the meaning of some text. The conjunction can help to learn about the text and without misunderstanding. This paper aimed to identify what kinds of conjunctions in a business article of Jakartaglobe.id. This paper also gives information or something important for corpus linguistics. Corpus linguistics is a subject that can help EFL students to learn the English language easily. This study used a descriptive quantitative method.

MENINGKATKAN KESAN POSITIF PEMBACA TEKS PAKET PERJALANAN WISATA MELALUI KONJUNGSI

Giving a positive impression in the text made is a basic thing to do in order to make readers feel comfortable reading texts given. However, not all writers can make texts that can express a positive impression. Application of grammatical cohesion, especially conjunction, is one of some ways that can be applied to reduce bounce rate to other websites. The aim of this research is to give a general overview of using conjunction in tour package texts by conveying semantic relation provided by all kinds of conjunctions. The data of this research were 41 tour package texts taken in the form of *.txt from a website named ganggabali.com. The data of this research were analyzed by applying the grammatical cohesion theory proposed by Halliday and Hasan (1976). The result of the analysis was presented by using formal and informal methods. This research shows all kinds of conjunction were applied to convey semantic relations among sentences in tour package texts. The use of the conjunctions, excluding other factors, can give readers a positive impression because by using conjunctions, the website owner can convey the semantic relation based on the kinds of conjunction applied.

Риторические отношения контраста в тексте блога: средства маркирования, семантика, функции

The article analyzes the rhetorical structures with the contrast semantics and their functions in the blog text, special attention is paid to the contrast relations at the nexus of the blogger’s message and the readers’ reactive commentaries, connection of these relations with the further text deployment. The rhetorical contrast relations are interpreted in the article as the pragmatic format of expressing the incompatibility between the interlocutors’ rational settings while having the same emotional and volitional state. Within the frameworks of the blog text we reveal the rhetorical contrast relation model which includes the justification of the contrast appropriateness from commenting readers. The problematic state of affairs representation as the stimulus presupposes the reactive explanation of the state of affairs resolution ways. The rhetorical contrast relations within the frameworks of the blogger’s stimulus and the reader’s reactive commentary predetermine the coherence of jointly generated virtual text which is marked by the adversative conjunction but or be the communicative context itself. The contrast and its reasoning coordinate the blogger and reader’s modus spheres with the obvious differences in their views upon the state of affairs under discussion. It is demonstrated that in the blog text the rhetorical contrast relations are associated consistently with the expressing of incompatible points of view shared by the interlocutors. In this case the adversative conjunction but pragmatic function is to to correlate the views expressed in the asynchronous time plane and, consequently, to contribute to the linear unfolding of jointly generated text. The functional importance of the adversative conjunction but is specified in the interactive aspect. It is illustrated that this kind of conjunction functions as a kind of signal that the reader realizing the reactive review undertakes the obligation of maintaining the joint design of the contrasting ideas embodied in the blog text.

“When That Wounds Are Evil Healed”: Revisiting Pleonastic That in Early English Medical Writing

AbstractThe origin of pleonastic that can be traced back to Old English, where it could appear in syntactic constructions consisting of a preposition + a demonstrative pronoun (i.e., for py pat, for pæm pe) or a subordinator (i.e., op pat). The diffusion of this pleonastic form is an Early Middle English development as a result of the standardization of that as the general subordinator in the period, which motivated its use as a pleonastic word in combination with many kinds of conjunctions (i.e., now that, if that, when that, etc.) and prepositions (i.e., before that, save that, in that) (Fischer 1992: 295). The phenomenon increased considerably in Late Middle English, declining rapidly in the 17th century to such an extent that it became virtually obliterated towards the end of that same century (Rissanen 1999: 303-304). The list of subordinating elements includes relativizers (i.e., this that), adverbial relatives (i.e., there that), and a number of subordinators (i.e., after, as, because, before, beside, for, if, since, sith, though, until, when, while, etc.). The present paper examines the status of pleonastic that in the history of English pursuing the following objectives: (a) to analyse its use and distribution in a corpus of early English medical writing (in the period 1375-1700); (b) to classify the construction in terms of genre, i.e., treatises and recipes; and (c) to assess its decline with the different conjunctive words. The data used as source of evidence come from The Corpus of Early English Medical Writing, i.e., Middle English Medical Texts (MEMT for the period 1375-1500) and Early Modern English Medical Texts (EMEMT for the period 1500-1700). The use of pleonastic that in medical writing allows us to reconsider the history of the construction in English, becoming in itself a Late Middle English phenomenon with its progressive decline throughout the 16th and 17th centuries.

The role of input enhancement on using conjunctions in Iranian EFL learners' written performance

The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of the input enhancement of three types of conjunctions on Iranian EFL learners to produce coherent and well-organized texts. Experimental group received an enhanced version of a model essay in which three kinds of conjunctions were bolded and underlined. Students were supposed to read these enhanced models and write summaries. Control group had the same materials without typographical modifications (i.e. there were no changes made to the text). The treatment was an eight session program. The researcher uses the mean number of conjunctions per T-unit for measuring the cohesive ties density both in the pre-test and post-test. In the post-test both groups wrote about the same topic. The results show that the experimental group outperformed the control group

A new approach to prosodic grouping

Coordinated names, like Anna and Bill or Mary, form a syntactically ambiguous structure, in the same way as an arithmetic procedure like 3 – 2 + 1, which can be resolved as 2 or as 0, depending on the order of the operations. In the case of coordinated names, the ambiguity concerns the branching direction and the level of syntactic embedding of the construction: either all three names may be on the same level of embedding (1-a), or two adjacent names may be grouped together to form a complex constituent that figures at the same level of syntactic embedding as the remaining simplex name ((1-b) and (1-c)). Depending on the kind of conjunction used, the different groupings may impinge on the truth value of a sentence the conjoined names are part of.

Toggling operators in computability logic

Computability logic (CoL) is a recently introduced semantical platform and research program for redeveloping logic as a formal theory of computability, as opposed to the formal theory of truth that logic has more traditionally been. Formulas in CoL stand for interactive computational problems, seen as games between a machine and its environment; logical operators represent operations on such entities; and “truth” is understood as existence of an effective solution, i.e., of an algorithmic winning strategy. The formalism of CoL is open-ended, and may undergo series of extensions as the studies of the subject advance. Propositional connectives and quantifiers in it come in a variety of indispensable versions. So far three sorts of conjunction and disjunction– parallel, sequential and choice–have been studied, with the first and the third sorts being reminiscent of the multiplicative and additive operators of linear logic, respectively. The present paper adds one more natural kind to this collection, termed toggling. The toggling operations can be characterized as lenient versions of choice operations where choices are retractable, being allowed to be reconsidered any finite number of times. This way, they model trial-and-error style decision steps in interactive computation. The main technical result of this paper is constructing a sound and complete axiomatization for the propositional fragment of computability logic whose vocabulary includes all four kinds of conjunction and disjunction: parallel, toggling, sequential and choice, together with negation. Along with toggling conjunction and disjunction, the paper also introduces the toggling versions of quantifiers and recurrence (“exponential”) operations.

Humean Causality

At the close of his account of causality in the Treatise, Hume acknowledges that he had to adopt the seemingly method of examining the causal prior to analyzing the causal relation since the relation depends so much on the inference (T 169). This dependence emerges in his two definitions of 'cause' (T 169―170) which, he concedes, seem extraneous to the causal relation. In this paper, I try to do what Hume did not do but could have done: fully describe the causal relation so as to reach its core. That core is what I call dependence, the fact that one object exists because another exists. It turns out that Hume's preposterous method is correct since existential dependence is what I call a distributive relation, a kind of conjunction that can be represented only by means of certain inferences. This makes existential dependence seem mysterious, but the mystery disappears if we interpret this dependence as probability, something that is comprehensible only through inferences. The key consequence of all of this is that we need to distinguish between the kind of causality that conforms to Hume's two definitions of 'cause' and the kind of causality our causal inferences designate.

Smoking and drinking as complementary behaviours

Parallels and contrasts between tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking are considered, in terms of harms, cultural positioning, and a dependence, which is social as well as physical and psychological. Evidence is briefly reviewed of two kinds of conjunction: of being a smoker and being a drinker, and of the smoking event and the drinking event. The complementary relation between smoking and drinking, it is argued, can be understood at physiological, psychological and social levels. Implications for prevention, intervention and policy are discussed, including the need for international agreement on alcohol as well as tobacco control.

What is a Change?

In this paper I offer an ontological elucidation of change. In the first part, I examine two conceptions of change that can be found in Aristotle's Physics and I hold that one of them is more basic than the other. In the second part, I offer an ontological model of change according to which a change is a kind of conjunction of states and times.According to Aristotle a change, metabolé, is from something to something else. He distinguishes three kinds of changes. One of them is what he calls motion- kinesis- i.e., the transition from a positive term A to a negative term B. Motion in respect to quality is called alteration, in respect to quantity it is known either as increase or as decrease, and in respect to place it is designated by the name of locomotion.

初期アッバース朝と歴史占星術

Historical astrology is the branch of astrology that deals with political and religious history by using the conjunctions of the superior planets. This kind of astrology had been developed in Sasanian Persia on the basis of the Indian system of yuga.The Book of Religions and Dynasties attributed to Abu Ma'šar (787-886 A. D.) is the most complete surviving work that gives us a systematic account of the full range and methodology of historical astrology. The most significant difference between The Book of Religions and Dynasties and other surviving texts concerning historical astrology attributed to Sasanian and early 'Abbasid astrologers, such as Zoroaster, Gamasb, Maša'allah, and al-Kindi, is that only the former attempts to explain philosophical and technical principles.According to The Book of Religions and Dynasties, astrological interpretation is mainly based on four kinds of conjunction and four horoscopes. Out of the four conjunctions, three are those of Saturn and Jupiter, occurring every 20 years in each sign, every 240 years within the same triplicity, and every 960 years returning to the first sign, and one is that of Saturn and Mars every 30 years in the sign of Cancer. The basic horoscopes are set up for the vernal equinoxes in 571 A. D., i. e. the year of conjunction indicating the Religion, in 622 A. D., i. e. the year of Hegira, in 749 A. D., i. e. the year in which the shift of rulership to as-Sawad (the 'Abbasids), and in 809 A. D., the year in which the sign of conjunction moved from a watery triplicity to a fiery one.Historical astrology was introduced from the Sasanian tradition by al-Mansur (ca. 713-775) as one of the policies by which he could lay the solid foundation of the newborn dynasty, and it was used most effectively among the early 'Abbasids. The Book of Religions and Dynasties will cast a new light on the future studies of Sasanian and early 'Abbasid dynasties.

Solution to a problem of Ono and Komori

In this paper I give such formal systems, for both logics, of the type much used in relevant logic following the work of Dunn [4] and latterly of Giambrone [5] and Brady [2]. The 'Display Logic' of Belnap [1] is also related, though it did not provide direct input to this paper.2 The language of the propositional logics BCC and BCK is very much as normal, with a false constant 1, implication and disjunction connectives and v, and two kinds of conjunction & and A. A is the familiar extensional conjunction with the algebraic properties of lattice meet, while & is its intensional counterpart usually called "fusion" in the relevant logic literature. Ono and Komori prove their logics LBCc and LBCK equivalent to the Hilbert-style systems HBcc and HBCK respectively. Hacc has the axiom schemata3