Kindle Edition Research Articles

Risk avoidance and safety assurance: an overview

British Journal of Healthcare ManagementVol. 24, No. 7 Risk ManagementRisk avoidance and safety assurance: an overviewKate Harmond AllanKate Harmond AllanSearch for more papers by this authorKate Harmond AllanPublished Online:2 Jul 2018https://doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2018.24.7.320AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail View article References BBC One. The doctor who gave up drugs. 2018;May:23 Google ScholarFrancis R (2013) Report of the Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust Public Inquiry: Executive Summary. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/279124/0947.pdf (accessed 20 June 2018) Google ScholarHearn B. Screening flaw. The Times, Letters to the editor. 2018;May:5 Google ScholarKay A. This is going to hurt: Secret diaries of a junior doctor. Picador: London; 2018 Google ScholarLe Fanu J. Too many pills: How too much medicine is endangering our health and what we can do about it. Little Brown: London; 2018 Google ScholarMcCarthy M (2017) WHO surgical checklist cuts post-surgical deaths by 22%, US studies find. www.bmj.com (accessed June 2018) Google ScholarNHS Choices (2018) NHS Choices: breast cancer screening. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breast-cancer-screening/ (accessed June 2018) Google ScholarNightingale F. (2017 [1858]). Notes on nursing: what it is, and what it is not. Enhanced Media Publishing; Kindle Edition, BOO2RKR811, 07 July Google ScholarParliament (2018) Statement: breast cancer screening: 2 May 2018. https://www.parliament.uk/business/news/2018/may/statement-breast-cancer-screening-2-may-2018/ (accessed 20 June 2018) Google ScholarLeake J, Razman I. Each baby costs hospitals £1000 injury insurance. The Sunday Times. 2018;May:6 Google ScholarThe Times Screening flaw. Letters to the Editor. 2018;May:5 Google ScholarWHO (2008) Topic 6: understanding and managing risk. http://www.who.int/patientsafety/education/curriculum/PSP_mpc_topic-06.pdf accessed June 2018 Google ScholarWHO (2009) Health topics, risk factors, global health risks. http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/global_health_risks/en/ (accessed 12 June 2018) Google ScholarWHO (2009) Patient safety, WHO surgical checklist. http://www.who.int/patientsafety/safesurgery/checklist/en/ (accessed June 2018) Google Scholar FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2 July 2018Volume 24Issue 7ISSN (print): 1358-0574ISSN (online): 1759-7382 Metrics History Published online 2 July 2018 Published in print 2 July 2018 Information© MA Healthcare LimitedPDF download

The Transcripts of the JAFC Trial as an Extended Conversation: Words, Sentences, and Speech Acts

ABSTRACTThe trial of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee (JAFC) lasted many days and resulted in eight volumes of transcripts. It was, in effect, an extended conversation between and among 15 – later 14 – defendants and the presiding judge, with a few minor contributions from the other two judges. This paper proposes to treat the language of that conversation as a linguistic phenomenon, looking for repeating patterns of linguistic behavior that can shed additional light on patterns of ideology, thought, and emotion. The first part of the paper is more narrowly focused on the words natsionalizm, natsionalist, and natsionalisticheskii [nationalistic]. This group of words was central to the charges and the verdict; the corresponding concepts were central to the ideological disputes that occupy much of the proceedings. The second part of the paper widens the focus to the entire transcript as a continuous discourse that evolves over time. The discourse strategies of the defendants show both their hope to survive and their need to assert their decency after years of relentless pressure that continued at the trial itself. Methodologically, this research would be much more difficult without two electronic resources, the Kindle edition of the English version of the transcripts and the Russian National Corpus (RNC). The first of them was of great help in searching for patterns in the text, and the second in comparing those patterns with the language at large, as reflected in the corpus.

MARKETING PROCESSES MODELING USING INTEGRATED DYNAMIC MODELS

In the paper it solves the problem of modeling complex economic processes. There is presented an analytical review of economic models, their advantages and disadvantages. The use of integral models for simulation of nonlinear dynamic processes in marketing tasks is substantiated. The mathematical expressions for the writing of integral models in the form of multidimensional weighted functions are given. The computational method of identification of integral models in the form of multidimensional transient characteristics is developed with the help of measuring the reaction of the market to the input influence. The results of modeling of the advertising audience on the example of the advertising campaign of the higher educational institution are presented. Keywords: digital marketing, marketing model, nonlinear models, integral dynamic models DOI: 10.15276/mdt.2.1.2018.5 Korbicz, J. & Kościelny, J.M., (eds). (2010). Modeling, Diagnostics and Process Control: Implementation in the DiaSter System. Springer: Berlin. Balasubramanian, S., Gupta, S., Kamakura, W.A., & Wedel, M. (1998). Modeling large datasets in marketing. Statistica Neerlandica, 52 3, 303–324. Leeflang, P.S., & Wittink, D.R., (2000). Building models for marketing decisions: Past, present and future. International Journal for Research in Marketing 17, 105–126. 4. Doll, J., & Eisert, U. (2014). Business Model Development and Innovation, a Strategic Approach to Business Transformation. The Business Transformation Journal, 11, 7–15. Gassmann,O., Frankenberger, K., & Csik, M. (2015). The Business Model Navigator: 55 Models That Will Revolutionise Your Business. FT Press. Bishop, W. (1996). Strategic Marketing for the Digital Age. HarperBusiness. Celaya, J., Vazquez, J., & Rojas, M. (2014). How the new business models in the digital age have evolved, Kindle Edition. Oklander, M.A., Oklander, T.O., & Yashkina, O.I. (2017). Tsifroviy marketing – model marketingu XXI storichchya [Digital marketing – a model of marketing ХХІ century]. M.A. Oklander (Ed). Odesa: Astroprint [in Ukrainian]. Masri, M, & Pavlenko, V. (2016). Intelligent Technology of Nonlinear Dynamics Diagnostics using Volterra Kernels Moments. International journal of mathematical models and methods in applied sciences, 10, 158–165. Antoshchuk, S.H., & Fomin, O.O. (2017). Model marketynhu, yaka keruietsia danymy [Data-driven marketing model]. Marketynh i tsyfrovi tekhnolohii [Marketing and digital technology], 1 (2), 92–101 [in Ukrainian].

Imperfect Creatures: Vermin, Literature, and the Sciences of Life, 1600–1740 by Lucinda Cole

Reviewed by: Imperfect Creatures: Vermin, Literature, and the Sciences of Life, 1600–1740 by Lucinda Cole Maria O'Connell (bio) Lucinda Cole, Imperfect Creatures: Vermin, Literature, and the Sciences of Life, 1600–1740. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2016, 248 pp. $75.00 cloth, $28.75 paper, $35.00 Kindle edition. Lucinda Cole's Imperfect Creatures: Vermin, Literature, and the Sciences of Life, 1600–1740 is concerned with what she identifies as "reading beneath the grain" (p. 1). The phrase both plays with and takes issue with Terry Eagleton's reading against the grain. Cole wants to read "beneath the social, political, and anthropocentric modes of humanist analysis to the life-forms and energies that enable it" (p. 15). She wants to acknowledge "vermin"—a term that she grants is slippery to define—as actants in the social community, included with humans and their domestic animals in their social construction of the early modern era. In that acknowledgement, she also recognizes [End Page 110] that "useless or monstrous animals" (p. 29) such as vermin and parasites help constitute the human world. They are our environment, and they both depend upon us for sustenance and also refuse to be removed from our all-too-human social constructions. Such animal studies engage and resist anthropocentric views of the Enlightenment and remind us that animals were undergoing development in the early modern period as well. Cole constructs her book around four main early modern conceptions of vermin: the theological, the scientific, the literary, and the social. Each of these concepts has its own chapter and develops around a representative work. In the first chapter, "Rats, Witches, Miasma, and Early Modern Theories of Contagion," she examines rats as plague animals—though they were not recognized as such in early modern theories—and argues that "rats and other small animals nonetheless played an important role in linking environmental and supernatural accounts of disease" (p. 18). She uses the macabre art of Jacob de Gheyn and Shakespeare's Macbeth to track the numerous ways that witches, demons, small vermin, and miasma all contributed to a theory of contagion in early modern Europe. As she asserts, as the witch's familiars and indicators of corruption and decay, "rodents herald disease; as instruments of God's wrath, they are heaven's gluttonous emissaries" (p. 31), and they are entangled in both scientific and theological conceptions of disease and corruption. Cole follows this linkage into her next chapter, "Swarming Things: Dearth and the Plagues of Egypt in Wither and Cowley." In examining seventeenth-century exegesis of the Exodus story, she takes on "the interpretive problems posed by vermin: if the plagues of Egypt can be read in terms of responses to political and moral crises—in terms, that is, of sovereign power—they can also, like Macbeth, be regarded as deeply entangled in contemporary epidemiological and ecological crises, especially food shortages" (p. 19). The seventeenth century, caught up in the ecological difficulties of the Little Ice Age, often saw food shortages as the result of swarms of mice, insects, or other vermin who could cause hardship and even starvation due to the losses. The plagues of Exodus took on new and ominous reality in such circumstances. As Cole notes, on the European continent there were ecclesiastical courts devoted to prosecuting rats and insects for their damage and "declaring them cursed in the name of the Lord" (p. 51). Plagues and famine were both often attributed to the sins of the rulers or the people of a country, as well as showing an uncertainty about whether vermin were of the Devil or of God. She notes that the examinations of plagues and scarcity also reaffirmed scientific ideas originating with the ancients about the balance of nature and the respective roles of predator and prey in the world, when undisturbed by human intervention. As Cole argues, "[S]ynthesized in the seventeenth century, these ancient balance-of-nature arguments, filtered through the imperatives of Protestant theology, helped formed [sic] the roots of modern ecological thinking" (p. 79). She sees the Exodus poems of Abraham Cowley and George Wither as moving vermin theologically into the balance of nature with other animals. In...

Recenzja: Jean M. Twenge (2017) iGen: Why Today’s Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy – and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood – and What That Means for the Rest of Us, Atria Books: New York, London, Toronto, New Delhi [Kindle edition

Recenzja: Jean M. Twenge (2017) iGen: Why Today’s Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy – and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood – and What That Means for the Rest of Us, Atria Books: New York, London, Toronto, New Delhi [Kindle edition

Classroom Dynamics – Kindle Edition

Classroom Dynamics – Kindle Edition

Key aspects of the digital business model design

The aim of the article is to define the information technology impact nature on the transformation of enterprises the digital business model; to determine features of developing enterprise digital business model; to substantiate the importance of studying the dependence of digital key elements and digital focus areas, which is the basis for identification the digital-value-drivers matrix concept. The results of the analysis. It is determined that the emergence of the digital economy has unlocked new opportunities, leading to the creation of innovations in data driven industries. New digital business models have disrupted the existing business models of established industries. While the digital economy initially stemmed from the technology sector, digital business models have begun to permeate large and small companies in a variety of sectors. The features of the development of the digital business model including the identification of the main digital elements (people, businesses, things, data, and cloud) are studied. It is explained how the effects of the paradigm shift go through the entire digital business model. The digital focus areas are described. In addition, it is graphically demonstrated the digital focus areas, which associated with components of the digital business model canvas. It is justified that in the context of digital business model design, it is important to understand how digital capabilities have specific value-generating effects that come along with digital key elements in a business context. The digital-value-drivers matrix concept, which contributes to the effective operation of the enterprise in the digital environment, is presented and visualized. In this way, value drivers associate with certain components of the digital business model canvas and, as a result, in the article it is presented a matrix that has components of the digital business model canvas as one dimension and the digital key elements as the other dimension while digital value drivers appear in the matrix elements. It is determined that the digital business model should be transient to ensure the sustainable development of the enterprise in the market. It is explained that the transition of the digital business model will not happen overnight. If the old and the new are designed to coexist, they will need to carefully manage potential conflicts and resource allocation between the two. Conclusions and direction for further research. It is determined that the digital business model needs to become a core capability for companies, with knowledge and the best practice. The five practical steps that companies can follow to rethink their digital business model are investigated. It is justified that companies need to use a continuous evaluation approach in order to devise a successful digital business model design Key words: information technology, digital business model, digital technologies, digital key elements, digital focus areas. DOI: 10.15276/mdt.1.1.2017.4 Celaya, J., Vаzquez, J., Rojas, М. (2014). How the new business models in the digital age have evolved, Kindle Edition, 96 р. Digital Business Models [Electronic resource]. – Retrieved from https://www.digital-mr.com/blog/view/digital-business-models. Understanding Digital Business Models Event – 25 & 26 Feb 2016 [Electronic resource]. – Retrieved from https://robllewellyn.com/digital-business-models. Nguyen, G. (2014). Exploring collaborative consumption business models – case peer-to-peer digital platforms, Aalto University, 90 p. McQuivey, J. (2013). Digital Disruption: Unleashing the Next Wave of Innovation. Amazon Publishing. Ries, E. (2011). The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. Crown Business. Negroponte, N. (1995). Being Digital. Knopf. Paperback 1st edition, 243 p. Measuring the Digital Economy OECD Report [Electronic resource]. – Retrieved from http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/science-and-technology/measuring-the-digital-economy /summary/english_1443d3d7-en#page1. Grappone, J. (2011). Search Engine Optimization. An Hour a Day / J. Grappone, G. Cousin. – third edition. – Wiley Publishing, Inc., 411 р. Fleischner, M. (2011). SEO made Simple. Strategies for Dominating the World’s Largest Search Engine / M.H. Fleischner. – second edition, USA, 128 р. Doll, J., Eisert, U. (2014). Business Model Development and Innovation, a Strategic Approach to Business Transformation. The Business Transformation Journal, Vol. 11, pp. 7–15. Gassmann,O., Frankenberger, K., Csik, M. (2015). The Business Model Navigator: 55 Models That Will Revolutionise Your Business. FT Press. Westerman, G., Bonnet, D., and McAfee, A. (2014). Leading Digital: Turning Technology into Business Transformation. Harvard Business Review Press. Digital Business Modeling: A Structural Approach Toward Digital Transformation [Electronic resource]. – Retrieved from http://abapinfo.com/digital-business-modeling-a-structural-approach-toward-digital-transformation.

Reclaiming Conversation: The Power of Talk in a Digital Age. Edited by Sherry Turkle (2015), New York, NY: Penguin Press. $17.25 hardcover $14.99 Kindle edition

Reclaiming Conversation: The Power of Talk in a Digital Age. Edited by Sherry Turkle (2015), New York, NY: Penguin Press. $17.25 hardcover $14.99 Kindle edition

Books: The FRAYED Consultation Model for Doctors Dealing with Unreasonable Demands from Difficult Patients: A Communication Skills Guide for Stressed GPs on How to Survive Doctor-Patient Conflict: To Yield or not to Yield.

The FRAYED Consultation Model for Doctors Dealing with Unreasonable Demands from Difficult Patients: A Communication Skills Guide for Stressed GPs on How to Survive Doctor–Patient Conflict Deen Mirza Better Doctor Training Ltd, 2016, Kindle edition, 46pp, file size 222 KB, £2.99, ASIN: B01CBR1VN4 Who doesn’t love a great mnemonic? Medics, with our memories continually being tested as the only determinant of our IQ, have traditionally relied on these helpful acronyms and rhymes to bolster our recall. Into the pantheon of legendary mnemonics strolls FRAYED as a structure for difficult consultations in general practice. Mirza writes in a conversational, funny, and honest voice, engaging the reader in his FRAYED model. The book is concise and easy to read, with no pretensions of being anything other than a realistic guide from someone who clearly understands the unique challenges of GP consultations. He feels that there needs to be more current consultation models as the last …

Book Review: Dan Ariely, The Irrational Bundle: Predictably Irrational, The Upside of Irrationality, and The Honest Truth about Dishonesty, Kindle edition

Dan Ariely, The Irrational Bundle: Predictably Irrational, The Upside of Irrationality, and The Honest Truth about Dishonesty, Kindle edition. UK: Harper Collins, 2013, 960 pp., ₹1,121.39

Review: Teaching Evolution in a Creation Nation by Adam Laats and Harvey Siegel

Teaching Evolution in a Creation Nation . By Adam Laats and Harvey Siegel. 2016. University of Chicago Press. (ISBN 022633130X). 138 pp. Kindle Edition. $20.00 (Amazon). I am an enthusiast of books about evolution and creationism. From Ed Larson's Pulitzer Prize–winning Summer for the Gods to Richard Dawkins's The God Delusion , I snap these volumes up whenever they become available. While the topic fascinates me, the unfortunate result of reading many books about the contention between creationism and evolution is that after some time there is substantial repetition. In every book on the topic, there is invariably a discussion of the Scopes trial, an explanation of the nature of science, an argument for how evolution meets the criteria for science but creationism does not. This book is no exception to that rule, but Laats and Siegel manage to make this oft-discussed topic feel new and interesting. The book is split into approximate thirds, with the first dealing with the historical aspects of evolution education. The second concentrates on philosophical matters, and the final third deals …

Nurse Burnout: Overcoming Stress in Nursing Waddill-Goad Suzanne Nurse Burnout: Overcoming Stress in Nursing 288pp £24.95 Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing Kindle edition 9781938835889 1938835883

Nurse Burnout: Overcoming Stress in Nursing Waddill-Goad Suzanne Nurse Burnout: Overcoming Stress in Nursing 288pp £24.95 Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing Kindle edition 9781938835889 1938835883

Nurse Burnout: Overcoming Stress in Nursing Waddill-Goad Suzanne Nurse Burnout: Overcoming Stress in Nursing 288pp Kindle edition £24.95 Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing 9781938835889 B01AMB993U

This book is easy to read and is set out well, with summaries and objectives in each chapter. Despite my initial reservations about the book being targeted at American readers, it is still relevant to British nursing.

Hayek's Modern Family: Classical Liberalism and the Evolution of Social Institutions by StevenHorwitz. Palgrave Macmillan (2015), 336 pp. ISBN: 978‐1137448224 (hb, £78.00; Kindle edition, £74.10).

Economic AffairsVolume 36, Issue 1 p. 110-111 Book Review Hayek's Modern Family: Classical Liberalism and the Evolution of Social Institutions by Horwitz, Steven. Palgrave Macmillan (2015), 336 pp. ISBN: 978-1137448224 (hb, £78.00; Kindle edition, £74.10). John Phelan, Corresponding Author John Phelan johncalvinphelan@gmail.com The Cobden CentreSearch for more papers by this author John Phelan, Corresponding Author John Phelan johncalvinphelan@gmail.com The Cobden CentreSearch for more papers by this author First published: 25 February 2016 https://doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.12164Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume36, Issue1February 2016Pages 110-111 RelatedInformation

Screening Neoliberalism: Transforming Mexican Cinema, 1988-2012 by Ignacio Sánchez Prado

Sanchez Prado, Ignacio. Screening Neoliberalism: Transforming Mexican Cinema, 1988-2012. Nashville: Vanderbilt UP, 2014. 304 pp. Kindle Edition. Four meaty chapters, along a meaningful introduction and conclusion, comprise Sanchez Prado's optimistic history of Mexican film that begins distribution crisis that lasted roughly from 1989 to 1994 and ends with subtly evaluated, even 'paradoxical' measure of success. To explore turn-of-the-millennium comeback of Mexican cinema, Sanchez Prado contemplates nearly 260 films and 500 or so written sources. The relatively jargon-free language and adept interdisciplinary swerves for a gripping read, turned all more profound by brilliant close analysis. Sanchez Prado's analytic gifts benefit from his profound understanding of twentieth--and now twenty-first century Mexican history, along his knack for extracting main ideas from muddle of others' academic writing. An additional reason for lucidity of his prose emerges in acknowledgments, where author thanks an undergraduate, whose editorial comments helped make book accessible (viii). The ultimate reason for admirable cogency of this text, however, springs from Sanchez Prado's willingness to deal in nuance. For example, conclusion carefully weighs numbers of 2011 Mexican box office tabulations. Although in 2011, 90 percent of Mexico's box office and screens favored Hollywood cinema, compared to Mexican cinema's mere 7 percent presence, Sanchez Prado elicits a complex from disproportion: the very existence of a 7 percent market share and release of 62 a year is, as paradoxical as it may sound, a success story (210). That sentence alone warrants publication of this book. Sanchez Prado tempers melodramatic tendency that holds sway in much assessment of neoliberalism among liberal arts circles. Perhaps Sanchez Prado's ability to respect nuance stems from his autodidactic, rather than dutifully indoctrinated, approach. Sanchez Prado informs me by email that as a university student he took only one class on film (about the subaltern), though he completed additional coursework in cultural studies thinkers such as Jesus Martin-Barbero, Mabel Morana, and Hermann Herlinghaus. An intimate labor of love seems to spur Sanchez Prado's obsessive, almost starstruck hunt for smallest of articles and longest of books. Screening Neoliberalism catalogues, minutely, range of opinions available on Mexican film, and assimilates them into a nearly seamless argument. That fluidity, of course, requires certain suppressions, which Sanchez Prado himself recognizes, albeit in terms of other critics' habits: Finally, it is important to engage, whenever possible, critical traditions developed around specific films to show how certain studies of interpretation and reception are themselves entangled in same cultural logic deployed by those movies (14). The entanglement on which Screening Neoliberalism bases its argument, that is, presumptions that analysis cannot fully examine, have to do vitality of middle class in Mexico--precisely implicit subject of so many of these films that staged film industry resurrection. Sanchez Prado is not necessarily a fan of neoliberalism--much less of poverty or severe income inequality--but his ultimately hopeful viewpoint leaves at least one topic in this book only vaguely interrogated. How can neoliberalism, a system largely denounced by most critics who anchor Sanchez Prado's main disciplinary fields, coincide a numerically increasing middle class? A satisfying answer may elude literary and film critics. Sanchez Prado asserts powerful sway of middle class as key to industry success without charting reasons for its rise: Thus, in order to survive as an industry, Mexican filmmakers needed to bring middle class back into theaters (5). …

Hamilton and Hardy for the 21st Century

Hamilton and Hardy’s Industrial Toxicology is now 80 years old, and the new sixth edition links us with a pioneer era. This is an impressive book, but the usefulness of the hardback version as a reference book is unfortunately limited by its poor index. There is now an ebook version, and for the practitioner on the move this has the great advantages of searchability and portability. However, Wiley ebooks can apparently only be downloaded when first purchased, so their lifetime is limited to that of the device. The Kindle edition should avoid this shortcoming.

Just Released: Writing in the Digital Age: Savvy Publishing for Healthcare Professionals

Scattered throughout the book are highlights that give you an entertaining and informative detours from the main text, such as “There are no dumb questions,” “Try this,” useful hints and tidbits from Leslie and from Peggy based on their own experience. There are links to videos and other media on the web that bring the messages in the book to life. The ten chapters cover the basic skills of “going paperless,” ethics in the digital age, searching for what you need, the digital publishing process, social media, supplementary digital content, writing for a public audience, protecting your identity, and the essentials of discoverability. The book also includes a Foreword by Connie Delaney, informatics expert and Dean at the University of Minnesota College of Nursing. The book is accessible for readers of any level of technological understanding, and it is affordable – only $24.99. The Kindle edition is available on Amazon: the ePub edition, which you can read using iBooks or Google Play, is available through NursingCenter.com. It is also available as a NOOK book on Barnes & Noble. The authors have developed a companion blog (http://nicollchinn.com/–which we will admit is a work in progress right now!) You will be able to ask questions, make suggestions, and follow useful tidbits and news of new developments. So stop by and visit, follow the blog, share your comments, and send your questions using the “Ask the Authors” contact form!

The Open Paradigm in Design Research

Introduction The shift from closed to open paradigms in new product development is seen as an emergence of new forms of production, innovation, and design.1 Innovation processes are shifting from open source software to open source hardware design. Emulating open source software, design information for open source hardware is shared publicly to enhance the development of physical products, machines, and systems.2 Similarly, the rise of the “maker culture” enhances product tinkering,3 while the do-it-yourself (DIY) movement embraces “the open” in design.4 Users participate in design via crowdsourcing and co-creation on platforms such as OpenIdeo and Quirky and by joining proliferating open innovation challenges.5 At the back end of the design process, customers are invited to participate in mass customization and personalization to personalize products.6 The open paradigm has received scholarly attention through studies of open source software7 and open source hardware.8 Moreover, user engagement in the design process has been studied as user-centric innovation,9 participatory design,10 and codesign,11 as well as customer co-creation and crowdsourcing.12 However, the “open” landscape in design lacks consensus regarding a unified definition for open design practices. This lack of agreement partially results from the gap in approaches to design. Studies of innovation and new product development are focused on user-centric approaches and customer engagement in several stages of the design process, whereas current definitions of open design are focused on openness of technical design information and largely exclude, in particular, the early stages of the design process. The open design definitions also lack the commercial aspects of openness. Thus, the existing definitions are too narrow to holistically represent the shift from a closed paradigm to an open paradigm in design. Moreover, the lack of clarity and consistency in definitions is hindering the development of open design as a design approach. To fully advance the research on methods and practices, a more comprehensive perception of openness in the design process is needed. 1 See, e.g., Henry Chesbrough, “Open Innovation: A New Paradigm for Understanding Industrial Innovation,” in Open Innovation: Researching a New Paradigm, ed. Henry Chesbrough, Wim Vanhaverbeke, Joel West, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006), 1–34; Henry Chesbrough, Open Services Innovation: Rethinking Your Business to Grow and Compete in a New Era (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2011, Kindle edition); Eric von Hippel, Democratizing Innovation (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2005); Yochai Benkler, “Coase’s Penguin, or Linux and the Nature of the Firm,” Yale Law Journal 112 (2002): 371–446. 2 Christina Raasch, Cornelius Herstatt, and Kerstin Balka, “On the Open Design of Tangible Goods,” R&D Management 39, no. 4 (2009): 382–93. 3 Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Crown, 2012). 4 Hilde Bouchez, “Pimp Your Home: Or Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive—From a Consumer Perspective,” The Design Journal 15, no. 4 (2012): 461–78. 5 Lars Bo Jeppesen and Karim R. Lakhani, “Marginality and Problem-Solving Effectiveness in Broadcast Search,” Organization Science: Articles in Advance 21, no. 5 (2010): 1016–33. 6 Fabrizio Salvador, Pablo Martin de Holan, and Frank Piller, “Cracking the Code for Mass-Customization,” Sloan Management Review 50, no. 3 (2009): 71–78. 7 Eric von Hippel and Georg von Krogh, “Open Source Software and the ‘PrivateCollective’ Innovation Model: Issues for Organization Science,” Organization Science 14, no. 2 (2003): 209–23. 8 Sanne van der Beek, “From Representation to Rhizome: Open Design from a Relational Perspective,” The Design Journal 15, no. 4 (2012): 423–42. 9 von Hippel, Democratizing Innovation, 17.

The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism ed. by Robert E. Buswell Jr. and Donald S. Lopez Jr. (review)

Reviewed by: The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism ed. by Robert E. Buswell Jr. and Donald S. Lopez Jr. Steven Heine (bio) The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism. Edited by Robert E. Buswell Jr. and Donald S. Lopez Jr. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2014. Pp. xxxii + 1265. Hardcover $65.00, isbn 978-0-691-15786-3. The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, edited by Robert E. Buswell Jr. and Donald S. Lopez Jr., is an invaluable research tool, already highly valued by a wide range of scholars and educators of pan-Asian religious history. Reflecting the growing field of Buddhist studies along with the increasing popularity of forms of practice in Buddhism, this volume, since release, has quickly become the industry standard for [End Page 617] a comprehensive and authoritative dictionary. It is also featured in a Kindle edition that has been revised to respond to reader demands regarding the need for a suitable searchable apparatus. Editing was supervised by arguably the two leading scholars in their respective specialty areas, who are well known for their sizeable high-quality output of monographs, collections, and reference works—Robert Buswell in East Asian and Donald Lopez in Indo-Tibetan Buddhist studies. The editors have gathered an admirable team of academic consultants who labored for a decade to produce a single volume that contains over five thousand entries and totals more than a million words of dense but invariably useful information including some analysis and interpretation. The Princeton Dictionary is, as the publisher rightfully claims, the first lexicon to include authors and titles as well as terms and names dealing with deities, monasteries, geographical sites, and related topics that cover all of the canonical Buddhist languages and traditions, including Sanskrit, Pali, Tibetan, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, with selected entries in Burmese, Khmer, Lao, Mongolian, Newar, Sinhalese, Thai, and Vietnamese. The main entries provide a succinct definition and a more detailed short essay on the term’s broader meaning and significance. The front matter includes a thorough timeline, juxtaposing key developments in India, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Tibet–Central Asia with events in world history, in addition to six maps showing the origins and spread of Buddhism and two diagrams highlighting the cosmology of Mount Sumeru. The appendixes provide a masterful “List of Lists” for key concepts based on the number of items in each category, such as six supramundane powers, seven buddhas of the past, and ten perfections, as well as nearly 150 pages of cross-references that enable readers to find related terms and look up equivalencies in multiple Buddhist languages. The single main contribution of this massive work is to bridge the major Buddhist traditions and complement the trend toward specialization in the field of Buddhology, whereby researchers tend to focus on particular regions, languages, and historical periods while possibly overlooking or even dismissing the relevance and applications of their findings across the Buddhist world. For example, the crucial basic term pratītyasamutpāda (“dependent origination” or “conditioned genesis”) is explained in considerable detail in relation to various Sanskrit/Pali concepts seen in light of their complex textual roots concerning causality and conditioning, such as versions of the twelvefold chain, but this entry also includes some mention of East Asian pronunciations and interpretations in the Chinese Huayan school. The entry for the notion of dana (“giving” or “charity”) discusses early Buddhist views plus how the practice is understood in Mahāyāna Buddhism. A strength of the book from another angle is that a good selection of modern figures is included, ranging from the Russian scholar Stcherbatsky and Indian reformer Ambedhkar to Japanese master Yasutani Hakuun and American poet Allen Ginsberg. On the other hand, it is perhaps inevitable that many entries as defined by highly specialized contributors do not offer much crossover material. For instance, terms important for monastic behavior, such as pratimoksha (“code” or “rules” of conduct [End Page 618] for fully ordained monks and nuns recited as vows) and uposadha (fortnightly confessional ceremonies—generally left untranslated), deal only with South Asian origins and meanings while the opportunity is not taken to engage in implications for East Asian training, including debates regarding the relative importance of the...

Drugs on the Dark Net: How Cryptomarkets Are Transforming the Global Trade in Illicit Drugs. By James Martin (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014, 96pp. $55.90 hard cover/$38.00 Kindle edition)

Drugs on the Dark Net: How Cryptomarkets Are Transforming the Global Trade in Illicit Drugs. By James Martin (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014, 96pp. $55.90 hard cover/$38.00 Kindle edition)