Terms Of Kind Research Articles

\(g\)-Bessel Sequences and Operators

Let $H$ be a separable Hilbert space, and let \(g\mathfrak{B}\) be the set of all \(g\)-Bessel sequences for \(H\). We show that \(g\mathfrak{B}\) is a \(C^*\)-algebra isometrically isomorphic to \(L(H)\) (the algebra of all bounded linear operators of \(H\)). Also, we classify \(g\)-Bessel sequences in \(H\) in terms of different kinds of operators in \(L(H)\). Using operator theory tools, we investigate geometry of \(g\)-Bessel sequences.

Topological insulator on honeycomb lattices and ribbons without inversion symmetry

We study the Kane-Mele-Hubbard model with an additional inversion-symmetry-breaking term. Using the topological Hamiltonian approach, we calculate the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ invariant of the system as function of spin-orbit coupling, Hubbard interaction $U$, and inversion-symmetry-breaking on-site potential. The phase diagram calculated in that way shows that, on the one hand, a large term of the latter kind destroys the topological non-trivial state. On the other hand, however, this inversion-symmetry-breaking field can enhance the topological state, since for moderate values the transition from the non-trivial topological to the trivial Mott insulator is pushed to larger values of interaction $U$. This feature of an enhanced topological state is also found on honeycomb ribbons. With inversion symmetry, the edge of the zigzag ribbon is magnetic for any value of $U$. This magnetic moment destroys the gapless edge mode. Lifting inversion symmetry allows for a finite region in interaction strength $U$ below which gapless edge modes exist.

A study of affecting factors on the degree of university students loyalty to the brand of nike

There are different factors which affect the way people select and continue their attitudes towards products of certain brands. The main objective of the present study was investigating factors affecting the degree of University students’ loyalty to Nike brand . This research is functional in regard with objective and descriptive-temporary in terms of kind; it was conducted among BA, MA, and PhD student of Physical Education in Tehran University with a sample size of 248 subjects. Researcher-constructed questionnaire, which examined three influential factors (trust, purchase intent, brand image), on the loyalty of University Students, was used to collect data. Research data was analyzed using EM algorithm and Spss software and stepwise multiple regression was applied to investigate the impact of variables on students’ loyalty. Significant regression model showed that all three variables of trust, purchase intent, and brand image had significant effects. Brand trust was the most influential variable with regression coefficient of 0.740(p>0.001). Based on the results of the present study, the hierarchical priority of three variables, according to students’ replies, was brand trust, purchase intent, and brand image. The results showed that brand trust had the first priority among variables and that Nike brand has managed, on the basis of quality, to satisfy various needs, intentions, and tasks of larger number of university students.

Is Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz’s Concept of a Real Definition Still Important?

The concept of a real definition worked out by Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz is still important in the theory of definition and can be developed by applying Hilary Putnam’s theory of reference of natural kind terms and Karl Popper’s fallibilism. On the one hand, the definiendum of a real definition refers to a natural kind of things and, on the other hand, the definiens of such a definition expresses actual, empirical, fallible knowledge which can be revised and changed.

Unicorn Atheism

AbstractKripshe treats `god’ as an empty natural kind term such as `unicorn’. She applies Saul Kripke's fresh views about empty natural kinds to `god’. Metaphysically, says Kripshe, there are no possible worlds in which there are gods. Gods could not have existed, given that they do not actually exist and never did. Epistemologically, godlessness is an a posteriori discovery. Kripshe dismisses the gods in the same breath that she dismisses mermaids. Semantically, the perspective Kripshe finds most perspicacious, no counterfactual situation is properly describable as one in which there are gods. Perhaps it is not quite a necessary truth that there are no gods. According to Saul Kripke, failed natural kind terms are ill‐defined. Incorporating ill‐defined terms into declarative sentences yields only mock propositions. Just as the meteorologist has no professional interest in mock thunder, the logician has no professional interest in mock propositions. Kripshe disagrees with agnostics who assign a low probability to `There is at least one god’. The bearers of probabilities must be propositions. Despite this deference to science, Kripshe agrees with the a priori atheist that, necessarily, no future experience could constitute an encounter with a god. Divine revelation is impossible. Kripshe's a posteriori necessary atheism compares favorably to familiar forms of atheism and to non‐cognitivists. It reveals interesting challenges to a coherent formulation of atheism.

Skepticism revisited: Chalmers on The Matrix and brains-in-vats

Thought experiments involving The Matrix, brains-in-vats, or Cartesian demons have traditionally thought to describe skeptical possibilities. Chalmers has denied this, claiming that the simulations involved are real enough to at least sometimes defeat the skeptic. Through an examination of the meaning of kind terms in natural language I argue that, though the Chalmers view may be otherwise attractive, it is not an antidote to skepticism.

AN ANALYSIS USED IN BELIS TRADITION IN ANAKALANG, MIDDLE SUMBA

ABSTRACT : Belis tradition is part culture in Sumba and a condition to marriage someone. Many kinds of symbols used on it. Belis tradition is not separated from culture. By of culture, Belis be an own culture that has different process and symbols. Because every culture have different process based on that place. Therefore, the researcher has been interested in studying this problem by formulating four researcher problems such as: how the process of Belis tradition, what are the symbols and symbols meaning used in Belis tradition process, what kinds of terms used in Belis tradition?. There are so many symbols and terms used in Belis tradition. The symbols used such as sirih pinang, parang, gading, mamuli, stallion , pig , kombu cloth, rau nyau (janur), gong, kayu kaba ( white cloth ), and nibu pahori ( spear). Every symbols has the meaning itself such as stallion as symbol of masculine. Sirih pinang as symbol of welcoming, and etc. And the terms used in Belis tradition such as year, layewa, ngaba wini, wunang, pahalaku hilu, kadehang, jedi, ahu papalu, and hangera. After the researcher found and discussed the problems of terms and symbols used in Belis tradition, the researcher made a conclusion of the research finding and discussion. From the result of this research, it was obvious that in Belis tradition used some symbols. And every symbol has own meaning. the researcher really hopes that this researcher to complete this study to be perfect. In addition, the researcher really hopes that this research can help other researcher who wants to continue or conduct research in the same field of the study or discuss about language aspect that occur in the Belis tradition especially in Anakalang. Key words: Symbols, and Belis Tradition

Can Robert Adams Survive Moral Twin Earth?

AbstractRichard Boyd and Robert Adams have both developed semantic accounts of moral terms based on Hilary Putnam's causal regulation theory for natural kind terms, according to which the terms in question refer to the properties which predominantly causally regulated the terms. However, Terence Horgan and Mark Timmons have mounted an objection to Boyd's semantics—their Moral Twin Earth argument. If this argument is successful against Boyd then it might be thought that it should also be successful against Adams, given the similarity between their semantic accounts. I will argue in this essay that Adams's semantics is sufficiently different from Boyd's to enable him to survive Moral Twin Earth, but that he is vulnerable to a modified version of Moral Twin Earth that I describe.

Are apes essentialists? Scope and limits of psychological essentialism in great apes.

Human reasoning is characterized by psychological essentialism (Gelman in The essential child: origins of essentialism in everyday thought. Oxford University Press, New York, 2003): when reasoning about objects, we distinguish between deep essential properties defining the object's kind and identity, and merely superficial features that can be changed without altering the object's identity. To date, it is unclear whether psychological essentialism is based on the acquisition of linguistic means (such as kind terms) and therefore uniquely human, or whether it is a more fundamental cognitive capacity which might be present also in the absence of language. In the present study, we addressed this question by testing whether, and if so, under which circumstances non-human apes also rely on psychological essentialism to identify objects. For this purpose, we adapted classical verbal transformation scenarios used in research on psychological essentialism (Keil in Concepts, kinds, and cognitive development. MIT Press, Cambridge, 1989) and implemented them in two nonverbal tasks: first, a box task, typically used to test object individuation (Experiment 1), and second, an object choice task, typically used to test object discrimination, object preferences and logical inferences (Experiments 2-4). Taken together, the results of the four experiments suggest that under suitable circumstances (when memory and other task demands are minimized), great apes engage in basic forms of essentialist reasoning. Psychological essentialism is thus possible also in the absence of language.

The effect of images of saleswomen on customer satisfaction and revisitingintention by uniform and body type

The purpose of this study was to identify images of saleswomen by uniform and body type and to determine if the images have an effect on customer satisfaction and revisiting intention. This study was conducted between February 10th and February 23rd 2015, using a questionnaire to collect data from 608 adults from Seoul, Deajeon, and Chungnam Province. A (body ) factorial experimental design was used. Frequency, factor, and reliability analysis, analysis of variance, one-way ANOVA, Tukey test, and multiple regression analysis methods were used to analyze data. The study results were as follows: First, images of saleswomen with different uniform and body types were classified based on the following three factors: professionalism, kindness and attractiveness. Second, the saleswomen`s uniforms had significant impact on perceived attractiveness, with women who wore skirt suits being identified as more attractive than women with pant suits. The saleswomen`s body types had significant effect on professionalism, kindness and attractiveness. Women with average body types were perceived positively in terms of professionalism and attractiveness, whilst women with large body types were perceived positively in terms of kindness. Third, the combination of uniform and body type had a significant effect on perceived professionalism. Women with average body types wearing pant suits were perceived to have high degree of professionalism and women with large body types wearing skirt suits were evaluated to have high professionalism. Fourth, the images described as attractive and kind for both uniform and body type had a positive influences on customer satisfaction and revisiting intention.

Paradigm Terms: The Necessity of Kind Term Identifications Generalized

Standard Kripke-Putnam semantics is widely taken to entail that theoretical identifications like ‘Brontosauruses are Apatosauruses’ or ‘Gold is 79Au’ are necessary, if true. I offer a new diagnosis as to why this modal consequence ensues. Central to my diagnosis is the concept of a paradigm term. I argue that modal and epistemic peculiarities that are commonly considered as distinctive of natural kind expressions are in fact traits that are shared by paradigm terms in general. Philosophical semantics should broaden its focus from natural kind expressions to paradigm terms.

Aircraft carrier noise measurements of a high-performance fighter jet

The on-deck measurement of F-35C noise levels occurred during the DT-II sea trials aboard the USS Dwight D. Eisenhower in October 2015. The existence of aircraft carrier flight deck fighter noise data is extremely rare, with this data set being only the second of its kind in terms of its scope. Custom acoustic recording instrumentation was designed to obtain quality broadband noise measurements of high-amplitude signals, protected from extraneous noise due to high wind speeds, and shielded from intense electromagnetic interference from the multiple on-board radar systems. The data collected allow for the estimation of noise exposures at all pertinent flight deck locations where crewmembers are positioned. [Work supported by USAFRL through ORISE and F-35 JPO.]

Kant and Natural Kind Terms

As is well known, the linguistic/philosophical reflection on natural kind terms has undergone a remarkable development in the early seventies with Putnam and Kripke’s essentialist approaches (cf. §3), touching upon different aspects (metaphysical and epistemological in particular) of Kant’s slant. Preliminarily, however, it might be useful to review some of the theoretical stages in Locke and Leibniz’s approaches on natural kind terms in the light of contemporary reflections (cf. § 2), to eventually pinpoint Kant’s contribution and see how some commentators have placed it within the theory of direct reference (cf. §4). Starting with textual evidence even from the logical corpus (cf. §§5-6), in the present essay I will attempt to discuss some of the arguments dismissing Kant’s adherence to this view. These assume that in his approach to the semantics of natural kind terms, Kant appears to be still holding on to a nominalist/conceptualist position, though he seems to be well aware of a few key issues for the theorists of direct reference (§§7-8).

A Numerical Solution of One Class of Volterra Integral Equations of the First Kind in Terms of the Machine Arithmetic Features

The research is devoted to a numerical solution of the Volterra equations of the first kind that were obtained using the Laplace integral transforms for solving the equation of heat conduction. The paper consists of an introduction and two sections. The first section deals with the calculation of kernels from the respective integral equations at a fixed length of the significand in the floating point representation of a real number. The PASCAL language was used to develop the software for the calculation of kernels, which implements the function of tracking the valid digits of the significand. The test examples illustrate the typical cases of systematic error accumulation. The second section presents the results obtained from the computational algorithms which are based on the product integration method and the midpoint rule. The results of test calculations are presented to demonstrate the performance of the difference methods.

A new formula for the Bernoulli numbers of the second kind in terms of the Stirling numbers of the first kind

We find an explicit formula for computing the Bernoulli numbers of the second kind in terms of the signed Stirling numbers of the first kind.

Predict Marital Conflicts and Emotional Divorce based on the Character Strengths among spouses

The research was to examine marital conflicts and Emotional Divorce based on the Character Strengths among Iranian spouses. For this reason 400 married women were selected by convenient sampling in Tehran as capital of Iran. Consequently three questionnaires, strengths of character, emotional divorce and marital conflict were used. The findings of structural equation modeling showed the measurement model of character strength is fitted and also have a proper reliability and convergent validity. The composite reliability of the scale was more than 70. In addition the character strength in terms of spirituality, acknowledgements, honesty, personalized control, kindness, loyalty and love predicts 33 percent of emotional divorce variance and 58 percent of marital conflict variance. Lastly the structural model of relation between variables had good fit. Therefore, it can be concluded that character strengths have influence on couple’s relationships. Thus the improving of character strengths can be reduced emotionally divorce and marital conflict in couples.

The Dialectic of War and Utopia: Systemic Closure and Embattled Social Life in the Work of Fredric Jameson

is a form of socialism.-Jean-Paul Sartre, War Diary, September-October 1939War is war perverted. ... The thing, then, is not to abolish war but to find the true war.-Norman O. Brown, Love's Body (1966)In October 2011 at the height of the Occupy Wall Street protests, a month before occupiers were ejected from Zuccotti Park, a two-minute video posted online sparked a small flurry of commentary as it migrated from YouTube to a host of other sites. The clip depicts two US Marines standing near the park and responding to remarks by Fox News commentator Sean Hannity that the protests were unpatriotic and anti-American. While many online comments focused on the calm and cogent dismissal of Hannity, punctuated with the occasional well-placed expletive, less attention was paid to the cardboard sign held by one of the Marines. Framed in the opening and closing shots of the video, blocked in large black lettering and accompanied by a peace sign, the placard reads, Second time I've fought for my country. First time I've known my enemy. The message creates a connection between two theaters of war: ongoing US military actions abroad, across the Middle East and Central Asia; and economic war on the domestic front, where conflict and combat between social classes become systemic crisis as austerity measures, capitalist competition, and popular upheaval intensify the struggle over wealth erosion and social transformation. Within the sign's linkage, economic war overrides military conflict, and systemic critique is imagined in martial terms. As a nuanceð antiwar gesture, the sign simultaneously critiques and preserves war, transforming and repurposing the category itself in the process. It locates its opposition to one sort of war within the necessity of fighting a war of different kind.1The two Zuccotti Park Marines join a longer lineage of protest and revolt seeking to articulate military critique with economic critique. We can think here of the antiwar and disarmament movements in the United States between the 1960s and 1980s, and more specifically of Martin Luther King, in the final year of his life, linking his Poor People's Campaign with the US war in Southeast Asia.2 Also central to this tradition is the 1915 Zimmerwald Manifesto, calling for resistance to the First World coupled with a renewed insistence on international class war: Civil war, not civil peace-that is the slogan!3 The antifascist Popular Front during the 1930s also belongs here, as could Henry David Thoreau's 1848 lecture on civil disobedience, a prescient outlier lodged at the beginning of the epoch of modern warfare, situating a refusal to pay his poll tax within the wider context of resistance to US military and economic expansion into Mexico. Despite their apparent differences, such positions not only share a strong conjoining of military and economic analyses but also, in that, manifest an ongoing attentiveness to the intimate and complicated relationship between martial imaginarles and socioeconomic critique.To argue for including Fredric Jameson within this rubric seems at once both familiar and strange. From 1971 's Marxism and Form to his later work on postmodernism and on Utopia, Jameson's status as a trenchant critic of capitalism is well known. At the same time, his work does not feature, at first glance, a firmly articulated position on war, nor do his writings, with salient exceptions, take up war as a theme or topic with any consistency or thoroughness. Nevertheless, Jameson's writings not only display repeated recourse to the category or figure of war but also, at a deeper level, conduct an enduring conversation between the notion of war and systemic, or anticapitalist, critique. We might call this persistent conceptual thread a dialectic of war and Utopia. Rather than defining Utopia in a positive sense, in terms of a specific kind of content-hope or longing, for instance-or employing a taxonomic approach in order to gather a canon of Utopian texts and objects, Jameson's dialectic brings Utopia into focus through an ongoing process of determinate negation, delineating the concept of Utopia both by relating it to, and differentiating it from, what it is not. …

Muslim Scholars’ Take on the Negative Consequences of “Terrorism”

I pen this editorial feeling weary of having to address this particular topic yetagain. But please bear with me, for the senseless murder of fourteen innocentsin San Bernardino on December 2, 2015, occurred only twenty-two milesfrom my home. Although I do not regularly attend the mosque that the killersfrequented, I personally know that its director is one of America’s best Muslimleaders in terms of knowledge, wisdom, and kindness. Lastly, one victim recentlygraduated from the university at which I teach.Over the years, I have addressed Muslim extremism and radicalism fromvarious vantage points: the identity of the Muslim extremists, whether their actionscan be intellectually and religiously described as Islamic (AJISS 32:2),and whether they could be decisively defeated (not wiped out) so that peacewill prevail (AJISS 32:4). I have deliberated how their violent acts against innocentsevoke apprehension and fear, thereby stigmatizing and staining allMuslims and even Islam itself (AJISS 29:1). I even addressed the erroneousperception that America’s imams cause radicalism and suggested how theyshould tailor their messages to combat extremism (AJISS 27:2). In this editorial,I explicate what a group of Muslim academics in the Middle East considersto be the negative consequences of “terrorism” (maḍār al-irhāb).1The first negative consequence of terrorism2 is that it “attracts God’s wrathand subjects the perpetrator to God’s severe punishment, both in this worldand the hereafter.”3 These Muslim scholars had the following verse in mindwhile extrapolating: “If anyone kills a believer deliberately, the punishmentfor him is Hell, and there he will remain: God is angry with him, and rejectshim, and had prepared a tremendous torment for him” (Q. 4:93). In a hadithnarrated by Ibn Abbas, the young Companion who has been dubbed the “fatherof Qur’anic exegesis,” he said that when this verse was revealed the Companionsasked the Prophet, “Even if the perpetrator repents, becomes a truebeliever, and does good deeds?” The Prophet responded, “How else can herepent?” (annā lahū al-tawbah) ...

Academic Research of Greek Traditional Dance in Greece and Abroad: A Critical Review of Dissertations and Theses

Since 1909, Greek traditional dance has been part of public physical education, and since 1983 it has been a subject matter of the Departments of Physical Education and Sports in Greece. At the late 1980s, a new era opened up for its study and research through the completion of master's dissertations and doctoral theses in Greece and abroad—an era that since then is constantly flourishing. Based on this, the aim of this paper is to present, categorize, and evaluate the existing dissertations and theses on Greek traditional dance in Greece and abroad. In order to do so, a bibliographical research was carried out. Sixty-four studies were found in total, which were then examined in terms of chronology, place, and kind of department; author's nationality and specialty; theoretical approach; and methodology. Their analysis showed that over the course of time, the number of studies was increasing. In terms of research methods, both qualitative and quantitative ones have been used for the gathering of data with the qualitative ones prevailing. In relation to theoretical orientations, concepts and models have been used from many approaches, such as historical, morphological, anthropological, pedagogical, philosophical, psychological, ergo-physiological, etc., with the approaches from social and human sciences prevailing. In conclusion, it can be argued that until now, academic research in Greek traditional dance is multifaceted both theoretically and methodologically, thus allocating value to Greek traditional dance itself locally and internationally. Yet there is still a lot to be done toward this objective, a goal that may be difficult to achieve because of shrinking resources in the Greek age of austerity.

Stereotype in referential theory of hilary putnem

A widely spread today notion «stereotype», coined in 1922 byW. Lippman, nowadays acquired an extensive terminological meaningdetermined by a branch of study. One of the first scientists who applied thenotion «stereotype» in linguistic studies in 1970s was American philosopherHilary Putnam.Putnam begins by distinguishing a group of general names(like water, lemon, tiger) which are associated with natural kinds. Natural kindsare classes of things regarded as of explanatory importance and whose normaldistinguishing characteristics explained by some deep-lying mechanisms oressential nature.Putnam suggests three conditions for knowing the meaning of a naturalkind or term: implicit knowledge of certain semantic and syntactic markersassociated with the term; association of the word with a certain stereotype; theword reference to a certain natural kind with a certain essential nature.A stereotype for Putnam is an idealized mental representation of a normalcase, which may not be accurate. This stereotype is very similar to what thattraditional view called the meaning of the term. It is a list of properties that areassociated with the term. These properties are not necessary nor sufficientconditions for being a member of the natural kind referred to by the term. It isnot necessary that all or even most of the members of the natural kind possessthese properties. They are properties associated with the term and the naturalkind. Putnam allows natural kind terms to refer to their extension, even thoughthe stereotype may be incorrect.The description of a stereotype lies in the account of the most noticeablefeatures, which constitute a set of paradigmatic properties. Initial nomination ofa natural kind sets to paradigmatic representatives of the kind. Further on theterm of a natural kind is applied to any representative that possesses commonwith members of the kind properties. Affiliation with a kind is determined incompliance with a paradigmatic model. A causal chain between the use of theterm and the introducing event determines the reference of a natural kind term.An introducing event is one in which a term is introduced to the speakerthrough an approximately correct definite description.Putnam defined reference as a social phenomenon, as a form ofcooperative activity, not determined by conditions or objects in individual brains. The central component of a stereotype is a belief, which is the mostgeneralized idea of a natural kind.Putnam’s concept of a stereotype was criticized for its restriction topropositional models. Though many issues remained cloudy, the majorscientific breakthrough of Putnam was the first step in linguistic appliance ofthe term «stereotype» which is represented verbally. Acknowledged function ofthe word to represent stereotype allows to research various stereotypes