Kinds Of Shields Research Articles

Functionalized nanoparticles with monocyte membranes and rapamycin achieve synergistic chemoimmunotherapy for reperfusion-induced injury in ischemic stroke

BackgroundIschemic stroke is an acute and severe neurological disease, and reperfusion is an effective way to reverse brain damage after stroke. However, reperfusion causes secondary tissue damage induced by inflammatory responses, called ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Current therapeutic strategies that control inflammation to treat I/R are less than satisfactory.ResultsWe report a kind of shield and sword nano-soldier functionalized nanoparticles (monocyte membranes-coated rapamycin nanoparticles, McM/RNPs) that can reduce inflammation and relieve I/R injury by blocking monocyte infiltration and inhibiting microglia proliferation. The fabricated McM/RNPs can actively target and bind to inflammatory endothelial cells, which inhibit the adhesion of monocytes to the endothelium, thus acting as a shield. Subsequently, McM/RNPs can penetrate the endothelium to reach the injury site, similar to a sword, and release the RAP drug to inhibit the proliferation of inflammatory cells. In a rat I/R injury model, McM/RNPs exhibited improved active homing to I/R injury areas and greatly ameliorated neuroscores and infarct volume. Importantly, in vivo animal studies revealed good safety for McM/RNPs treatment.ConclusionThe results demonstrated that the developed McM/RNPs may serve as an effective and safe nanovehicles for I/R injury therapy.Graphic abstract

DEVELOPMENT OF PYTHON ELECTRONIC MESSAGE INFORMATION PROTECTION SYSTEM USING THE PYCHARM WORKING AREA

The information security is one of the widespread problems which the modern society is facing. The reason for the aggravation of this problem is the large-scale use of automated means of accumulation, storage, processing and transmission of information. The appearance of global computer networks has made it easy to access information for both individuals and large organizations. However, this achievement has led to a number of complex problems, including the problem of information security. The solution to the problem of information protection is associated with guaranteed information availability, its integrity and confidentiality. The most significant threats to data security are: 1) non-automated access to information; 2) non-automated change of information; 3) non-automated access to networks and services; 4) other network attacks, such as the recurrence of previously intercepted transactions (groups of commands) and denial-of-service attacks. A common method of protection in computer systems is the use of passwords which is more suitable for protecting access to computing resources than for protecting information itself. A password is a kind of shield that separates legitimate users from third party users, after which the authorized user gets the access to all information. The system of information protection involves the use of various methods of organizational-administrative, technological, technical, legal, moral-ethical nature. In addition, we can identify information technologies that include cryptographic and software means of information security. Interactive environments are vulnerable from the data security position. An example of interactive environments is any of the systems with communication capabilities, such as e-mail, computer networks, the Internet. The information transmission through communication channels in the Internet is often risky. Being aware of effective security measures when using e-mail is becoming an urgent need for both organizations and citizens. Keywords: Information security, cryptography, e-mail.

A Corpus-based Study of Shields in Conversations of Chinese EFL Learners

As an important part of the fuzzy language, hedges have become a common linguistic phenomenon and frequently applied in daily spoken language. In this study, the authors investigated the shields-using frequency of Chinese EFL learners from the Multi-modal Spoken English Corpus of Chinese Learners-Science & Engineering Majors (MSECCL-SEM). In this study, the classification of Prince et al. (1982) will be adopted. Six shields that are frequently used in spoken English have been searched, namely, “I think”, “in my opinion”, “maybe”, “according to”, “as we (all) know”, “it is said that”. Data are analyzed by the application of Wordsmith 6.0 and SPSS 25.0. Through this study, we attempt to explore the characteristics of shields in spoken English of EFL learners, especially the differences in terms of gender, various language proficiency and two different kinds of shields. Through this research, the authors hope to guide second language teaching and learning by finding out the use of shields in EFL students' daily spoken language and analyzing its potential causes.

Preliminary study on shielding performance of debris shield with the rear wall combining light materials and an aluminum plate

Several kinds of shields such as Whipple shield, stuffed shield and multiple-wall shield were developed to defend from orbital debris impacting on spacecraft. The shielding performance of these shields was improved notably by changing the properties of bumper or stuffed wall. This work focuses on a new way to improve shielding performance by using a combination of light material attached to a rear aluminum wall instead of a single aluminum wall with the same areal density. Hypervelocity impact tests were performed to evaluate the new shielding concepts using aluminum spherical projectiles with 5.0 mm diameter at impact velocity ranging from 4.62 km/s to 4.90 km/s. The targets were three kinds of shields (aerogel/fiberglass composite, wood plate, or polyurethane foam plate attached to the rear aluminum walls in the shields individually), and Whipple shield with the same areal density. Test results showed that the shielding performances of these three kinds of shields are better than that of Whipple shield, based on the reduced damage on the rear wall. The advantage of combined wall using light materials attached to an aluminum plate to replace a single aluminum plate in traditional shield was verified preliminarily, and a feasible way was put forward to improve the shielding performance of debris shield in this paper.

УГОДА МІЖ КОМУНІСТИЧНОЮ ВЛАДОЮ ТА ЄПИСКОПАТОМ ПОЛЬЩІ 1950 р.

The article explores the process of preparation and signing of the Agreement between the representatives of the government of Polish Republic (PR) and the Polish Episcopate during the first four months of 1950. The main focus is on the policy of communist power regarding the Catholic Church. The essence of this policy was to continue to exert pressure on the church in order to force it to sign an agreement on favorable conditions for the power. Repressive measures of the ruling regime are highlighted. The principal position of the Polish primate S. Vyshynsky concerning the negotiation process is established. The main provisions of the Agreement between the representatives of the government of PR and the Polish Episcopate are analyzed. The article gives an assessment of the results of the agreement by the party-state leadership of Poland, which has made from the Catholic Church its official recognition and some significant concessions. However, the authorities continued to declare their tolerance towards religion and pledged not to restrict church activities and teach religion in schools. The results of the signing the agreement for the Catholic Church in Poland, which received a temporary respite in confrontation with the authorities, are described. The agreement became a kind of shield for the church from the further aggression of party-state structures.

НАРАТИВ ПОВСЯКДЕННОСТІ: «САДИБНІ РОМАНИ» «PERSUASION» ДЖ. ОСТЕН І «ПРОГУЛКА С УДОВОЛЬСТВИЕМ И НЕ БЕЗ МОРАЛИ» Т. ШЕВЧЕНКА

In the article the story «The Pleasurable Journey and Not Without Morality» by T. Shevchenko in the typological comparison with J. Austen’s novel «Persuasion» is analysed. T. Shevchenko’s «The Pleasurable Journey and Not Without Morality» by and J. Austen’s «Persuasion» are analyzed as a the country house novel genre with its relevant features: the action takes place in the estates’ closed space, in which their own etiquette and communication regulations and daily cycled rituals circulate; the authors focus on the social values transformation in the new historical conditions that affect provincial customs and monolithic noble families.In both pieces of fiction pastoral estates’ worlds serve as a kind of shield against military events, about which the landowners only read in newspapers. In their routine the great history intervenes, breaking the day after day rhythm and making changes in the narrative of everyday life. This intervention in both country house novels is represented similarly – great geopolitical events cause as if minor, but actually crucial changes in the characters’ lives.Both texts can be attributed as ironic utopias. J. Austen and T. Shevchenko expanded the «rural romance» narrative with elements of romantic rhetoric. Using irony authors «predict» inevitable changes that occur in the ruling elites: they will be forced to relive the transformation times, because their right to uniqueness will not stand the test of time and modern drifts.Also in the article it is stated that the plot of the first epistolary novel «Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded» by an English sentimentalist S. Richardson was known to T. Shevchenko. Moving the famous story of a poor girl who becomes a noblewoman and dramatically affects the spiritual transformation of her ruthless husband on the mid-XIXth century Ukrainian literary «soil» is very likely, in the author’s view.

Is the use of shield pad an effective technique for lowering interventionist radiation dose?

Background: Several manufactures have recently introduced shield pads to lower interventions radiation doses. This pad is placed outside the scanning field and is claimed to protect the staff from scattered radiation. This kind of shield has been used in KFMC. However, no clear study has been conducted to quantify the effectiveness of such shield pad.

Simulation Analysis and Benchmarking Validation of Magnetic, Electromagnetic and Hybrid Shields in Large Power Transformers

according to different theories the magnetic shunt, the electromagnetic shield and a combination of both in power transformer have protective shielding functions to mental components and decrease stray-field loss ( including eddy current loss and hysteresis loss), avoiding damage to insulation devices caused by partial overheating for overconcentration of the loss. This paper will build a 2D modeling and simulation which proves the improved platform measuring the the shield loss and flux density of the transformer product model can provide a more reasonable flux complementary condition. Three kinds of shield in the model will be calculated by 3-D model simulation to research and compare the loss and flux density of the magnetic shunt, the electromagnetic barrier and the hybrid shield, which is of significant analyzable and referable value for optimizing the design of magnetic shields in large power transformers.

Proposal of a Non-Destructive Detection System for Hidden Nuclear Materials Based on a Neutron/Gamma-ray Hybrid System

A nuclear material detection system based on a neutron / gamma-ray hybrid system has been proposed for container inspection at seaports. Neutrons from the inertial electrostatic confinement fusion source will be used for a fast pre-screening process with both neutrons and gamma-rays. The nuclear resonance fluorescence gamma-ray induced by a quasi-monochromatic gamma-ray beam from the laser Compton backscattering will be used in isotope identification for a precise postscreening process. A combination of two different probes, neutrons and gamma-rays, can detect nuclear materials hidden by any kind of shielding.

Effect of Façade Shape for the Acoustic Protection of Buildings

Façade sound insulation can be improved by using high performance components or by modifying the shape of the façade. In many cases, when high acoustic insulation levels are required, the use of high performance components cannot be sufficient, for technical or economic reasons. The European standard EN 12354-3 [1] gives a simplified method to estimate the influence of the façade shape in the reduction of sound pressure level at the outside of the building envelope. In particular, the influence of the façade is evaluated for a number of building typologies as a function of the general direction of the incoming sound and of the acoustic absorption coefficient of the surface of the underside of the balcony. In the paper, the results of a study on the influence of the façade shape on the incoming sound are evaluated with reference to a great number of different typologies of buildings facades. The study has been carried out by means of a prediction software based on the modified theory of the ray tracing (pyramid tracing). Moreover, some of the configurations analyzed with the prediction software have been tested also in a scale model. With reference to a typical urban configuration, results are expressed as level difference between the simple plane façade and the façade with different kind of shielding.

Interpreters in Our Midst

Interpreters in Our Midst

Reflections on Loss...of Facial Hair

Reflections on Loss...of Facial Hair

MEASUREMENTS OF COUPLING THROUGH BRAIDED SHIELD VIA NEW CONDUCTED IMMUNITY TECHNIQUE

A new method for evaluating the performance of the shield and coupling through holes on braided shields is introduced. The method is based on conducted immunity test. A comparison is made between two kinds of shields, based on introduced technique. One is braided shields and the other is adhesive foil that does not contain any holes. The value of coupling through holes in braided shields is determined via a new technique.

Loss spectrum and electromagnetic behavior of problem 21 family

A set of both the magnetic and electromagnetic shielding models, referred to as a new member of the Problem 21 family, is proposed to investigate the shielding effects of different kinds of shields. This paper presents the newly measured and calculated results of both the magnetic field and stray-field loss concerning the TEAM-based models to detail the electromagnetic behavior of the Problem 21 family, evaluates the engineering applicability of three-dimensional eddy current analysis methods, and validates the engineering effectiveness of the practical loss modeling proposed by the authors

Development of a lightweight space debris shield using high strength fibers

In order to protect space structure against space debris impacts, it is indispensable to develop a shield with high strength materials. A high strength fiber is one of potential materials from a viewpoint of strength, lightweight, and flexibility. The purpose of this study was to develop a new lightweight shield composed of high strength fibers against medium size debris impacts. We developed four kinds of shields using Vectran fibers, and hypervelocity impact tests were carried out by a railgun accelerator. The experimental results showed that the developed shield could stop the polycarbonate projectile with 13 mm in diameter, 1 gram in weight, and 6.9 km/sec in velocity. Adoption of the high strength fiber in the bumper materials may reinforce the protection capability and reduce the weight drastically.

Hybrid-method analysis of an open magnetic shield

The authors present an open magnetic shield of a new type consisting of ferromagnetic plates and rods connecting the plates. As the center is only partially surrounded by the shield, the shielded region is easily accessible. An example of this kind of shield is analyzed using a magnetostatic hybrid formulation, where only the magnetic structures need be modeled. They present how different parameters affect the performance of the shield. Ideally, this structure allows an infinite shielding factor at the center with a material of finite permeability.

Use of chemical foam for improvements in drilling by earth-pressure balanced shields in granular soils

Chemical foam is being used ever more frequently with earth-pressure balanced' shields to realize underground works, giving rise to an increasing interest in this technique. It is the research theme of two recently launched French projects, Eupalinos 2000 and Microtunnels. The Laboratory of Mechanics of Lille has therefore decided to study the foam action with this kind of shield by following a scientific approach. The characteristics that must present in the foam and the excavated soil in order to optimize the machine operation have been studied. Some simple trials allowing charaterization of the foamed soil (mixture of foam and soil) have also been devised. A testing campaign has been carried out with granular soils. The results analysis show that the foam helps to improve the machine drilling performances in sands, but its usefulness with aggregates is limited.

Damage-resistant alumina-based layer composites

A new philosophy for tailoring layer composites for damage resistance is developed, specifically for alumina-based ceramics. The underlying key to the approach is microstructural control in the adjacent layers, alternating a traditionalhomogeneousfine-grain alumina (layerA) for hardness and wear resistance with aheterogeneousalumina : calcium-hexaluminate composite (layerC) for toughness and crack dispersion, with strong bonding between the interlayers. Two trilayer sequences,ACAandCAC, are investigated. Hertzian indentation tests are used to demonstrate the capacity of the trilayers to absorb damage. In the constituent materials, the indentation responses are fundamentally different: ideally brittle in materialA, with classical cone cracking outside the contact; quasi-plastic in materialC, with distributed microdamage beneath the contact. In theACAlaminates, shallow cone cracks form in the outerAlayer, together with a partial microdamage zone in the innerClayer. A feature of the cone cracking is that it is substantially shallower than in the bulkAspecimens and does not penetrate to the underlayer, even when the applied load is increased. This indicates that the subsurface microdamage absorbs significant energy from the applied loads, and thereby “shields” the surface cone crack. Comparative tests onCAClaminates show a constrained microdamage zone in the outerClayer, with no cone crack, again indicating some kind of shielding. Importantly, interlayer delamination plays no role in either layer configuration; the mechanism of damage control is by crack suppression rather than by deflection. Implications for the design of synergistic microstructures for damage-resistant laminates are considered.

Daughter of the Swan: Love and Knowledge in Eudora Welty's Fiction

Readers of Eudora Welty's stories often encounter a protective and domelike night-time sky, moon and constellations beckoning a character to venture beyond familiar, visible world. This striking metaphor for human need to seek out unknown serves as an anchoring image in Daughter of Swan, Gail L. Mortimer's study of Welty's lifelong inquiry into nature and contexts of knowledge. Mortimer argues that Welty's views on epistemiology and elusiveness of certainty lie at heart of this writer's subtle and revelatory work. Employing psychoanalytic object-relations theories of Nancy Chodorow and Carol Gilligan, she reveals how Welty uses assumptions about relationships to shape her character's consciousnesses. Mortimer also contrasts Welty's world with William Faulkner's; each elucidates other's remarkably different ways of perceiving humanity, relationships and approaches to unknown. author then turns to Welty's childhood to consider her evolving sense of what - and how - things can be known. Her childhood reading and, in particular, her relationships with adults created impressions of a benign, wondrous, orderly world. As Mortimer observes, Welty eventually replaced these impressions with realisation that adults frequently distort and withhold truth. Welty's own family's conception of love as a kind of shield, and her resistance to this protection, finds its way into much of her fiction. For many Welty characters, this protective love becomes an obstacle to fuller understanding. Mortimer invokes two of writer's most beguiling images, circle and labyrinth, to demonstrate that the perceiver who is both an insider and an outsider is best able to recognise and assimilate new knowledge. In The Golden Apples Welty contemplates difficulty and fascination implicit in this quest for knowledge, given ambiguous nature of what we know - and given our use of language's surfaces, and of masks, myths and falsities to create benevolent illusions. Ultimately, Mortimer concludes, Welty comes to see concept of protective love as a limited one and, in The Optimist's Daughter, for instance, she advocates instead courage to face even harshest realities. Recognising richness of Welty's artistry, Mortimer views her through lens of various literary traditions, incuding that of Shelley and Yeats. latter's poem Among School Children, from which title of Mortimer's study is borrowed, summons image of swan to reflect solitary human soul in search of knowledge. In that same spirit of wonder and curiosity, Eudora Welty's fiction illuminates conditions of that search.

The Dog Mafia

My discovery that the dogs of the world are able to communicate among them selves arose, in the first place, from particular circumstances in my own life and my relation to canine society. Like many other discoveries in the history of science it did not come suddenly but grew from the gradual and almost im perceptible accumulation of data from various quarters. I have never been a dog owner nor am I what is commonly termed a dog lover. My first personal contact with the world of dogs took place a few years ago when, because of circumstances that are too compUcated to explain here and besides not pertinent to the matter under discussion, I found myself in Paris and in a particular and quite special frame of mind or, more precisely, ?tat dame. But why conceal that my difficulties involved the opposite sex, an interlude in my life which I would prefer to conceal but which wiU inevitably come to Ught? Briefly, I was caught in the grip of forces over which I had no control, forces which ended by producing in me a residue of unresolved hostiUty which I discharged, I am sorry to say, on the dogs I happened to encounter in the street. I would entice them to me through the simple devices traditional in man-dog relations and then, when they were in suitable proximity, I would deal them shrewd kicks in the manner made famous and even, I beUeve, invented by CharUe Chaplin: to wit, if the dog approaches from the left, the right foot is crossed behind the left calf and a sharp jab dealt using the left calf as interference or a kind of shield, so to speak, out of which the toe darts like the tongue of a serpent and then retreats quickly to its normal position; or, should the approach of the dog occur from the right, the identical technique with coordinates reversed. If this is done properly the process is practicaUy too fast for the eye to follow. The casual ob server only a few yards away wiU fail to perceive the shoe that flashes out from behind the trouser-leg and wiU notice only that the dog, for some inexpUcable reason, has terminated his approach at a range of perhaps eighteen inches and is withdrawing rapidly, and as inconspicuously as possible, from the scene of ac