Kinds Of Problems Research Articles

Transformation Of Polri Strategy With Precision Principles In Preventing And Handling Vertical Conflict In Mimika Regency Central Papua Province

The phenomenon of vertical conflict is very diverse, starting from the social, cultural, political and economic aspects of various lives which are triggered by differences between the Amungme tribe living in mountainous areas and the Kamoro tribe in coastal areas. Apart from these two tribes, there are still five kinship tribes including; Dani/Lani, Damal, Mee, Nduga and Moni according to characteristics which are considered detrimental and disturbing issues and even violate the rules and norms that apply to tribes still have various kinds of problems until now there are still tribal wars and wars between tribes, even within The tribe itself leads to the disintegration of the nation. The research method used is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach that systematically describes the facts and characteristics of objects and subjects from empirical observations carried out precisely by taking into account variations in the problems of transforming the National Police's strategy with the principle of precision in preventing and handling vertical conflict in Mimika Regency, Central Papua ProvinceThe results of the research show that the transformation of the National Police's strategy with the Precision principle has not been implemented effectively, namely: 1). Events in the surrounding community that have had contact with society in general. 2). Factors causing vertical conflict are reduced feelings of nationalism, widening social disparities, and a number of violations of pro-people's rights. 3.) The National Police's precise strategic transformation model in preventing and handling vertical conflicts creates a lasting peace agreement which is implemented by the National Police based on a win and win solution, so that a compromise and collaborative decision is realized in resolving the conflict by both parties.a) AbO (Ability and Opportunity) strategy which uses the National Police's capabilities to take advantage of opportunities in planning. b) SO (Strength and Opportunity) strategy which uses the power of the National Police. c) AgO (Agility and Opportunity) strategy which uses intelligence to have optimism to become a mobilizer and guide of the people around him as figures who are capable, knowledgeable and at the same time a role model. d) AbC (Ability and Culture) strategy which is the ability to face the demands of a changing cultural environment, where the National Police provides quality services. e) SC (Strength and Culture) strategy which uses power to respond to cultural changes by placing the National Police according to its main tasks and functions. f) AgC (Agility and Culture) strategy which uses intelligence to anticipate the influence of cultural change by creating a comfortable, healthy and orderly environment

Open Problems in Computational Historical Linguistics.

Problems constitute the starting point of all scientific research. The essay reflects on the different kinds of problems that scientists address in their research and discusses a list of 10 problems for the field of computational historical linguistics, that was proposed throughout 2019 in a series of blog posts (see http://phylonetworks.blogspot.com/). In contrast to problems identified in different contexts, these problems were considered to be solvable, but no solution could be proposed back then. By discussing the problems in the light of developments that have been made in the field during the past five years, a modified list is proposed that takes new insights into account but also finds that the majority of the problems has not yet been solved.

Marriage and Magic in a Transylvanian Village

"In this study I present the possibilities of magical influence on marriages, based on my fieldwork in a Transylvanian village. I investigate how, according to the villagers, the creation and dissolution of marriages can be magically influenced, and how they use magic to interpret the delay of the marriage, conflicts between spouses, broken relationships, and the death of a spouse. The location of the research is a village with an ethnically and religiously mixed population, where Reformed Hungarians, Orthodox Romanians and mainly Orthodox Roma live. The study is divided into three parts. In the first part, I will focus on the recollections of the older generation, in the second part, on cases that happened in the lives of the middle-aged population, and in the third part, I will compare cases preserved in memory with contemporary cases. This comparison reveals that methods of magical intervention have changed, as have the kinds of problems that arise. From contemporary stories, it seems that the marriage prospects of an unmarried youth are no longer influenced by magic. If there is a suspicion that a marriage is being prevented by magical means (binding), people try to break this binding with the help of Romanian Orthodox priests or seers/clairvoyants. Priests and clairvoyants also pray over the clothes of those wishing to marry, and at the same time mothers fast for their unmarried children. Magic has been replaced by methods drawn from Romanian Orthodox religious practice, which are accepted and practised in secret by most of the Hungarians in the village. Reflecting on the images of marriage being hindered by magical binding and of the predestined partner (RO: ursita/ursitul), I examine the relationship between Romanian and Hungarian beliefs and interpretative possibilities, referring to previous Hungarian and Romanian ethnographic research. In addition, I summarize everything that is important in relation to the specialists involved (seers or clairvoyants, Romanian Orthodox priests). According to local perception, the social institution of marriage can be influenced through magic. Marriage, divorce, and the death of one of the parties can also be interpreted magically within the local framework of interpretation."

A Kriging-assisted Double Population Differential Evolution for Mixed-Integer Expensive Constrained Optimization Problems with Mixed Constraints

Many surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms (SAEA) with outstanding performance have been developed to handle Expensive Constrained Optimization Problems (ECOPs). But most of them are limited to solving ECOPs with continuous variables and inequality constraints. Therefore, a Kriging-assisted Double Population Differential Evolution (KDPDE) is proposed to deal with mixed-integer ECOPs with inequality and equality constraints. In particular, promising regions near the feasible region are created by Integer restriction Relaxation-based Double Population (IRDP) search framework, and then an Expected Improvement-based Classification local Search (EICS) is adopted to guide the infeasible solutions in the promising region into the feasible region. In order to improve the robustness of the algorithm, the widely distributed elite solutions are utilized by Elite solutions Retention-based Multi-directional Exploration (ERME) for diverse exploration, and the repetition rate information of individuals in the population is used by Population Diversity Maintenance Operation (PDMO) to adaptively avoid the population from falling into a local region. Therefore, KDPDE is capable of balancing the performance between convergence and robustness for mixed-integer ECOPS with mixed constraints. Experimental studies on several benchmark problems and a real-world application example demonstrate that KDPDE has excellent performance on solving such kind of problems under a limited computational budget.

Penerapan Algoritma C.45 Dalam Pengklasifikasian Data Penjualan Gerai Makanan Cepat Saji Berbasis Website

With the development of technology, there are many methods that can be used to analyze various kinds of problems, both in the world of education, social and even the business world. One method that can be used is the data mining method. Fast food is one example of a business that is being built by many people today, especially in the city of Batam. With so many fast food outlets in the city of Batam, this study aims to classify the types of food that are in demand and not in demand in the city of Batam. To assist the writer in classifying the best-selling and not-selling food types, in this study the authors used the data mining method, namely applying the C.45 Algorithm approach. Apart from using the C.45 Algorithm to test the calculation results, the author uses a website-based information system. From the research that has been carried out, the results obtained are that the best-selling food for children is the Original Burger (BO) and for adults the best-selling type of food is Kebab (K), while the less popular type of food for all ages is Burger Crispy.

Mixed integer linear programming formulation for K-means clustering problem

The minimum sum-of-squares clusering is the most widely used clustering method. The minimum sum-of-squares clustering is usually solved by the heuristic KMEANS algorithm, which converges to a local optimum. A lot of effort has been made to solve such kind of problems, but a mixed integer linear programming formulation (MILP) is still missing. In this paper, we formulate MILP models. The advantage of MILP formulation is that users can extend the original problem with arbitrary linear constraints. We also present numerical results, we solve these models up to sample size of 150.

Positive Solutions for Some Semipositone Fractional Boundary Value Problems on the Half-Line

Our goal is to address the question of existence and uniqueness of a positive continuous solution to some semipositone fractional boundary value problems on the half-line. Global estimates on this solution are given. This kind of problems, where the nonlinearity is allowed to be sign-changing, are often difficult to solve analytically and becomes more challenging specially when we are looking for positive solutions. The main result is obtained by means of the properties of the Green function and fixed point theorem.

Modern approaches to digital product development in the conditions of market variability

Currently, the interest in design thinking in the world has made it possible to add many techniques and visual schemes that can solve various kinds of problems, including for building a strategy to achieve the company’s goals, its corporate spirit and the development of creative skills of its employees. Already today, it is possible to call the merit of design thinking the shift of emphasis in corporate goals to customer orientation, to the mobilization of collective intelligence to solve problems, to understanding the importance of empathy, creativity and entrepreneurship. A comparative analysis of existing design thinking frameworks is given, including from researchers of companies and design centers such as Hasso Plattner Institute of Design at Stanford University (d.school), The HPI-Stanford Design Thinking Research Program, Stanford d.school’s Design Thinking framework (IDEO), Google, Intel. Frameworks structure the process of design thinking in 5-6 phases: from empathy, when the needs and requests of consumers are studied, to testing an innovative product or service being created. The place of “design thinking” approach in the general concept of human-centered design is shown. The task of design thinking, the development of innovative products or services focused on human needs, is to provide a solution to a specific problem of a certain target audience. The paper outlines the principles of designing a digital innovative product. The five steps of designing a new product are described and the features of using various visualization techniques are given. The study uses such tools as the “Persona” model, Job Stories and User Stories frameworks. The creating process features of an innovative product based on the integration of design thinking, Lean Startup methodology and the theory of Jobs to Be Done are described. The life cycle of the innovation development “Creation – Evaluation – Training” is presented which is based on the process of validated learning. Changes in the outline of the business model in the lean startup methodology are presented. New segments have been added to the Lean Canvas business model – “Key Partners”, “Key Activities”, “Key Resources”, “Consumer Relations”.

Content Accuracy and Recency of TPACK-Based Physics Textbooks on Work and Energy Materials to Improve Science Literacy of High School Students

TPACK-based textbooks are reference books containing a collection of material from certain branches of knowledge that are presented comprehensively using a combination of pedagogic technologies and content that are applied according to the learning context. Scientific literacy is the scientific ability possessed by students to solve various kinds of problems and explain scientific phenomena scientifically. Work and energy are physics materials closely related to students' daily lives. The method used for this research is to use research and development research and development methods. Based on the results of the latest and contextual material validation on the suitability of the material with the latest scientific developments, validator one scores four, and validator two scores 4. The 100% percentage results that meet the criteria are very valid. From the results of the validation assessment in terms of the average rating of each validator for the two validators, an average percentage result of 87.49% is obtained with very valid criteria. This shows that the TPACK-based physics textbook on the subject matter of work and energy is appropriate to be used as an Electronic School Book aid for students in understanding and mastering material about work and energy.

Prediction of MUET Results Based on K-Nearest Neighbour Algorithm

The machine learning based prediction has been applied in various fields to solve different kind of problems. In education, the research on the predictions of examination results is gaining more attentions among the researchers. The adaptation of machine learning for the prediction of students’ achievement enables the educational institutions to identify the high failure rate, learning problems, and reasons for low student performance. This research is proposing the prediction of the Malaysian University English Test (MUET) results based on the K-Nearest Neighbour Algorithm (KNN). KNN is a powerful algorithm that has been applied in various prediction problems. The prediction of the MUET results would help the students and lecturers to be more well prepared and could improve the required English language skills accordingly before the actual examination. The MUET result prediction is based on the student’s English courses grades and there are 516 data of students’ results that have been collected from Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Dungun campus. The performance measurement that has been used are the mean accuracy, percentage error and mean squared error (MSE). In this research, the KNN prediction model has generated an acceptable performance with 65.29% accuracy. For future work, KNN could be modified or hybridized to further improve its performance. Furthermore, other algorithms could also be explored into this problem to further validate the best predictive model for the prediction of the MUET results.

BOARD DIVERSITY AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DISCLOSURES

Companies in Indonesia still don't care enough about Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) causing various kinds of problems. Whereas, CSR is a form of corporate responsibility to stakeholders. This study aim to examine the effect of board diversity on the disclosure of CSR. All manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2019-2020 are used for population of this study. This study used quantitative approach and multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of testing of hypotheses, it is found that gender diversity, educational background diversity, and board size diversity have no effect on CSR disclosure. Then, tenure diversity and age diversity have a positive effect on CSR disclosure. Control variables in this study are company size and profitability. While company size has a positive effect and profitability has no effect on CSR disclosure. The results of this study can be used materials for improvements related to CSR disclosure in manufacturing companies.

An Efficient Implementation of the Gauss–Newton Method Via Generalized Krylov Subspaces

The solution of nonlinear inverse problems is a challenging task in numerical analysis. In most cases, this kind of problems is solved by iterative procedures that, at each iteration, linearize the problem in a neighborhood of the currently available approximation of the solution. The linearized problem is then solved by a direct or iterative method. Among this class of solution methods, the Gauss–Newton method is one of the most popular ones. We propose an efficient implementation of this method for large-scale problems. Our implementation is based on projecting the nonlinear problem into a sequence of nested subspaces, referred to as Generalized Krylov Subspaces, whose dimension increases with the number of iterations, except for when restarts are carried out. When the computation of the Jacobian matrix is expensive, we combine our iterative method with secant (Broyden) updates to further reduce the computational cost. We show convergence of the proposed solution methods and provide a few numerical examples that illustrate their performance.

Inheritance Rights in Interfaith Marriages According to Inheritance Law

Marriage is an important event in everyone's life. But in reality, there are still many people who marry with different religions, which in the end interfaith marriages create various kinds of problems, such as a person's part in obtaining inheritance or what is also known as an inheritance from heirs of different religions will be affected or participate. change, besides that the problem that often occurs because of interfaith marriages is that a person cannot get an inheritance because the rules of each inheritance law that apply and regulate inheritance have their own rules which are different from one another. In writing this law, it will be explained what is the position of a person as in decision number 16 K/AG/2010 which is used as an example in writing this law, and how the suitability between the decision given by the judge and the inheritance regulations that exist and apply in Indonesia. the author will use the Normative Juridical Method/literature review by reading and analyzing both books, articles, the internet, and applicable laws and regulations. The brief conclusion that the author can give here is that the position of a person who has a different religion from the heir to get an inheritance can be determined by the rules contained in each inheritance law, and the suitability between the judge's decision given in decision Number 16 K/AG/2010 Even though the judge has reformed the law by giving a mandatory will to heirs of different religions, The obligatory will cannot be blamed because the obligatory will itself has the goal of obtaining justice

Comments on the teaching of thermodynamics in an environmental sciences post graduation discipline

The sciences related to mathematics and that have mathematics as a tool present the same kind of problem in the learning process, hence, also, in their teaching; for example, the teaching of biophysics that show problems because is an exact discipline and, also, teaching for biological areas where people, usually, don’t is familiarized with mathematics way. In this work some didactic approaches to associate the teaching of thermodynamics to Environmental Science subjects in a literature search were performed, using the concepts of new teaching methodologies, proposing an approach to improve the conditions of understanding about environmental problems. A bibliographic survey was carried out by searching for data on thermodynamics, teaching, environmental sciences within the CAPES periodicals platform, which allows finding texts in other databases such as Scielo, Scopus, Web of Science. Additional material was obtained by searching in Google Academic. The main works consulted dealt more specifically with “exact sciences education”, “environmental education”, “biophysics education”, “environmental” and others. In total, 42 texts were analyzed and separated by subject content 21 about exact sciences education, 8 about environment education, 5 about biophysics education, 5 about environment and 3 for other subjects used to justify some ideas. Final considerations: In conclusion, the deficits in the teaching of exact sciences with a focus on thermodynamics are real in teaching in Brazil, with practical evidence in the discipline on Environmental Sciences in a graduate course, but whose students' distress in learning mobilized a path of studies in the production of a work to alert and indicate ways, within the modern technologies of teaching, to assist the teaching of thermodynamics in education since elementary school. So, it is urgent that the teaching of environmental sciences is improved, that modern teaching technologies are made effective in teaching with an emphasis on the exact sciences, so that a more robust education allows important themes to be deepened in higher and post-graduate education with at least less discomfort for students and teachers.

The Critical Role of Understanding Epistemic Practices in Science Teaching Using Wicked Problems

AbstractWicked problems have been characterised by their high epistemological and axiological complexities. These are the kinds of problems that may invade our classrooms because many of them concern many stakeholders, including our students. Several approaches have been developed to address wicked problems in various contexts. However, little is known about how they may translate into educational research and practice. This paper proposes a conceptual framework in which wicked problems are analysed from their ontological, epistemological, and ethical commitments. Subsequently, they are framed within post-normal science, drawing on critical discourse in science studies and science education. Chief to the arguments is a focus on epistemic practices that are strongly anchored in but also extend from disciplinary science and engineering education. Implications for research and practice in higher science education are presented.

Studying the Performance Features of the Scenario Algorithm in the Control System of an Unmanned Aerial System

In this paper, we consider the results of a full-scale experiment carried out under conditions most closely resembling real operating ones. The goal of the experiment is to identify the performance features of the control system inside an unmanned aerial system (UAS) when using the swarm control method of a decentralized UAS control strategy. The considered flight performance characteristics of a single UAV provide an opportunity to analyze the operation feasibility of the presented UAS to solve other kinds of problems. The results of the presented experiment enable the development of a set of recommendations for further research directions. Also, they provide future UAV operators with better and faster achievement of practical goals during the practical operation of UAS in various conditions. The described features and disadvantages of various BAS control strategies help determine probable options for the BAS configuration depending on the nature of the tasks to be solved later.

General methodological approach for the seismic assessment of masonry aggregates

Strong earthquakes have recently shown the vulnerability of masonry structures. In Italy, most of the historical centres are characterized by adjacent masonry structures connected in aggregate that have been subjected to structural and functional changes during time. Their structural behaviour shall be studied to avoid catastrophic outcomes after seismic events. In the technical literature, many studies are available to identify the most vulnerable structures in historical centres from a macroscopic point of view, or the seismic behaviour of some typical structures was studied in detail with sophisticated numerical methods providing a specific seismic vulnerability assessment. However nowadays there is not a general and standard procedure available, mostly methodological, based on well-known analysis methods, that can be followed to evaluate the structural behaviour under seismic actions of any building aggregate, and that allows to identify effective retrofitting interventions. Moreover, national regulations typically do not provide a standard procedure that can be followed by practitioners for such kind of problems. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to suggest a protocol to be used in common design, based on a broad blend of analyses that can be carried out with commercial software. It relies in a variety of numerical analyses, spanning from simple eigenvalue simulations to full 3D pushover computations, assuming different hypotheses for the material behaviour. The suggested method has been applied and benchmarked to an ex-monastery in northern Italy and several structural considerations to provide a sufficient insight useful for practitioners are provided.

The association of compassionate care and coping with disease among patients undergoing hemodialysis

BackgroundCompassionate care is one of the concepts that is important to the care of patients with chronic diseases, especially for patients undergoing hemodialysis who deal with all kinds of problems and sufferings. This study aimed to measure the level of compassionate care from the perspective of hemodialysis patients and to assess the relationship between compassionate care and coping with the disease.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 240 patients undergoing hemodialysis in two hemodialysis centers. The participants were selected by random sampling method. Data were collected by the Schwartz Center Compassionate Care Scale (SCCCS) and the Brief COPE scale. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS (version 26) software using ANOVA, t test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient.ResultsThe mean score of compassionate care from the perspective of patients on hemodialysis was 101.20 ± 17.47 out of 120. Among coping strategies, problem-focused strategies which are considered efficient were used more than other emotional-focused and avoidance coping strategies. Moreover, there was a significant and positive relationship of compassionate care with problem-focused and emotional-focused strategies (p < 0.05).ConclusionAccording to the results, providing compassionate care for patients on hemodialysis could help them to cope with their disease. Moreover, the results showed that providing compassionate care is associated with positive coping strategies. Therefore, it is suggested for healthcare working in the hemodialysis units provide high-quality compassionate care and help the patients and their families to cope with their chronic diseases.

Theoretical analysis of convective transport over a slender body of revolution

The study of thermal transport in the laminar boundary layer had been a great area of research since long ago because of its practical necessity in different fields of engineering such as aerodynamics, electronics cooling, designing of turbine blades, etc. The primary goal of the research has always been to look into geometries or shapes that have higher heat transfer rates but a less viscous drag. This is also a topic of fundamental interest to the aerospace industry. For this purpose, a cone-shaped body of revolution has been considered. Such geometries are chosen due to their wider acceptance in modern aerodynamics, with their enhanced heat transfer rates and lower aerodynamic drag. In this connection, axisymmetric bodies of revolution having different body contours and involving surface transverse curvature are usually considered. The selection of such a curved body and the imposed particular type of momentum and thermal boundary conditions make the problem of non-similar nature. Such kinds of problems are normally dealt with by an implicit finite difference scheme due to the accuracy of the solution. The current problem has also been solved with the same numerical scheme. It is concluded that a more streamlined body of revolution has a less spread of velocity and temperature within the boundary layer with a large heat transfer rate and wall skin-friction. On the other hand, the parabolic body of revolution has a large distribution of velocity and temperature but less heat transfer rate and wall skin-friction. Moreover, the assisting role of surface transverse curvature on temperature distribution and wall skin-friction has also been observed in this study.

Experimental Optimization Environment for Developing an Intracycle Pitch Control in Cross Flow Turbines

Cross-flow tidal turbines also known as vertical-axis turbines have not reached the efficiency as it is usual found for horizontal-axis turbines. This can be mainly accounted to the intensive development effort dedicated to the latter in the past 30 years in the area of wind energy. Less attention has been given to cross-flow turbines as they present mechanical cyclic loads that detriment their durability. Nevertheless, there is great potential for their employment in tidal energy exploitation as they are intrinsically independent from the flow direction and have a higher power output per area in farm installation. For this reason the research for cross-flow turbines have regain impulse.&#x0D; Among various approaches to improve their hydrodynamic characteristics found in the literature, the intracycle pitch control is one of the most promising one. It consists in actively pitching each blade as function of the azimuth angle.&#x0D; The present paper will introduce the overall experimental environment and methods for developing an optimal intracycle control for cross-flow turbines in tidal power generation. This is the main component of project OPTIDE at Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany in cooperation with the LEGI at University Grenoble-Alpes, France and the University of Applied Sciences Magdeburg-Stendal.&#x0D; The experimental system consists of a turbine flume model equipped with a speed controlled generator. The three bladed turbine model has independent controlled pitch actuators embedded in each blade and a force sensing system in one of the blade holding arms. Local high-dynamic systems allow to control the speed of the generator and the pitch position as a function of the rotational angle of the runner i.e. pitch trajectory.&#x0D; A superimposed governing system which automates the experiment has been implemented. This allows to perform an optimization process with the experiment in the loop. Evolutionary algorithms are employed to solve the two objectives of the optimization: (1) Maximizing the efficiency by (2) minimizing the alternating structural loads on the runner. These kind of problems are usually solved with numerical simulations using finite element method (FEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). However, this commonly comes with very high computational efforts and uncertainty. For this reason in our approach simulations are replaced by an experimental optimization technique.&#x0D; The optimization cycle implemented in the superimposed governing system chooses a set of individuals (pitch trajectories) for each generation on base of the genetic algorithm. Each pitch trajectory is performed sequentially while power output and loads are measured. This allows to evaluate each individual in about one minute. The best individuals are then the base for the offspring of the new generation. Cross-over from best performing parents and subsequent mutation ensure both, convergence and a thorough exploration of the entire design space.&#x0D; It is expected that this method will fast and reliably find the optimal pitch trajectories under various conditions. Selected cases will be analysed in detail by means of particle-image velocimetry (PIV) with synchronized force and torque measurements to research the underlying hydrodynamic mechanisms and the effects of the flow control performed by the pitching motion.&#x0D;