Kinds Of Others Research Articles

Self-other differences in social mindfulness: Beliefs about other people's selfishness are grounded in one's own selfish impulses

There is a robust tendency for people to expect others to be more immoral than them, for instance, more selfish. Where do these pessimistic beliefs come from? We explore a socio-metacognitive account whereby those beliefs originate in one's own impulses to act selfishly. In two studies, we used the social mindfulness paradigm, a task that provides the initial chooser the opportunity to be socially mindful about other people or not. Results show 1) that people expect others to be more selfish than them, and 2) that this belief in the selfishness of others is related to one's own impulses to act selfishly. Thus, even when people are kind in their choices, they tend to be less generous in their beliefs about the kindness of others, and this is particularly the case when those selfless choices did not come easily to them, but rather required suppressing an impulse to act selfishly.

Grateful Personality Development of Junior High School Students in East Kalimantan

A grateful personality is one of the essential elements in the personality development of students. This personality is reflected in verbal and deeds as a manifestation of acknowledgment in the heart for the blessings. This personality encourages students to appreciate and repay the kindness of others. This study aims to determine the level of gratitude of junior high school students in East Kalimantan. This study used a mixed-method approach. Respondents in this study were 714 people. The mean test results showed that the level of students' gratitude at Junior High Schools in East Kalimantan was very high, with an average score of 4.6. The teacher's strategies in instilling a grateful personality are with advice, exemplary, assignments, habituation, and activity programs at school. The methods are by providing materials (lectures, advice, discussions, and questions and answers related to gratitude), exemplary by providing examples of the values of gratitude, giving demonstration tasks, and practice in gratitude, giving the task of making a list of good things that have been felt and should be grateful for every day, habituation to good things (instilling the nature of qana'ah, giving appreciation and motivation, presenting a sense of empathy around oneself, inviting self-introspection, giving charity, helping others, spreading smiles, greetings, visiting friends or teachers who are sick or grieving), and school programs (dhuha and dzuhur prayers in congregation, reading the Qur'an, praying before starting lessons, and giving sadaqah every Friday at school). The results of this study may have an implication to become a policy regulation for schools to support the development of a grateful personality for students of Junior High School.

What is Unique About Kindness? Exploring the Proximal Experience of Prosocial Acts Relative to Other Positive Behaviors

Previous research has identified a robust connection between prosociality and happiness, suggesting that kindness has both hedonic and eudaimonic benefits—in the short term and in the long term. By contrast, our experiment aimed to examine people’s momentary eudaimonic feelings while engaging in kind acts for others. To that end, we randomly assigned participants to one of four positively valenced conditions that varied in their inclusion of potential “active ingredients” of prosocial behavior. Namely, engaging in kind acts for others was compared to engaging in kind acts for oneself (social element removed), extraverted behavior (kindness element removed), and open-minded behavior (both social and kindness elements removed). Participants were assessed five times over 2 weeks, each time reporting on how they felt during their assigned activities. Multilevel models revealed that relative to all other conditions, participants assigned to do kind acts for others reported a greater sense of competence, self-confidence, and meaning while engaging in those acts across the intervention period. Engaging in acts of kindness for others also led to stronger feelings of connection relative to engaging in open-minded behavior or acts of kindness for oneself but did not differ from engaging in extraverted behavior. These results illuminate the experience of positive eudaimonic feelings while one commits kind acts for others and highlight the unique benefits of prosociality compared to other positive behaviors.

Menelisik Pesan atau Amanat dari Komik Webtoon Canvas 7 Years Relationship Karya Franncellyn Alexandria

This study focused on analyzing one of the intrinsic elements in comics, namely the mandate (moral message) offered by the author of the 7 Years Relationship comic published in digital comic media, Webtoon Canvas. The stories developed have a mandate, namely the importance of helping others, repaying the kindness of others who have helped us, and so on. Also in this comic, the author tucked away about the dangers of a child being restrained by his parents to choose his "success" without any compromise or discussing in advance what the child wants in the future. Analyzing this comic uses an analysis of the moral approach to analyze the intrinsic elements of the comic. In addition, the researchers applied this research with note-taking techniques and language translation techniques. This descriptive qualitative research has main purpose of this research is to analyze the morals of the comic storyline 7 years relationship. The benefit of this research is that it makes it easy for readers of the 7 Years Relationship comic to find the meaning and moral message behind the comic story and as a form of implementation and contribution of researchers' scientific studies that can be useful for public literacy materials

Preferences and perceptions in Provision and Maintenance public goods

We study two generic versions of public goods problems: in Provision problems, the public good does not exist initially and needs to be provided; in Maintenance problems, the public good already exists and needs to be maintained. In four lab and online experiments (n=2,105), we document a robust asymmetry in preferences and perceptions in two incentive-equivalent versions of these public good problems. We find fewer conditional cooperators and more free riders in Maintenance than Provision, a difference that is replicable, stable, and reflected in perceptions of kindness. Incentivized control questions administered before gameplay reveal dilemma-specific misperceptions but controlling for them neither eliminates game-dependent conditional cooperation, nor differences in perceived kindness of others' cooperation. Thus, even when sharing the same game form, Maintenance and Provision are different social dilemmas that require separate behavioral analyses.

Kindness interventions for early-stage breast cancer survivors: An online, pilot randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT Online interventions that elicit kindness may enhance well-being. We tested the efficacy of three kindness interventions among breast cancer survivors. Participants (N = 137, M age = 62.65 years) were randomized to perform acts of kindness for others, acts of kindness for self, self-kindness meditation, or a daily-activities-writing control and completed three activities each week for 4 weeks. Primary (well-being, depressive symptoms) and secondary outcomes (social support, self-kindness) were assessed pre- and post-intervention. No differences emerged in the primary outcomes. However, relative to controls, participants in the acts of kindness to others condition reported greater increases in social support, and participants in the self-kindness meditation condition reported greater decreases in self-kindness. Among breast cancer survivors, performing prosocial acts may enhance feelings of social support. The two self-kindness conditions yielded either null or detrimental effects, suggesting that further research is needed on best practices for conducting self-focused kindness interventions.

Forest Forms and Ethical Life

Abstract What kind of guidance can the world Eduardo Kohn calls “forest” provide for living well on Earth in times of planetary anthropogenic ecological fragmentation? How, that is, can humans learn to ecologize their ethics? Reflecting on his ongoing ethnographic research in and around Indigenous communities of Ecuador’s Upper Amazon, Kohn uses what he learned to help find a path that can orient humans in their attempts to live well in relation to the many kinds of others that make and hold them. Ecologizing ethics, this article argues, turns on understanding the living world as a “thinking forest,” one that is mind manifesting or psychedelic in nature and as such requires a mode of attention that is itself psychedelic. Ethical guidance comes from finding ways to appreciate the “shape” of the larger mind of which people are a part, and in this way, to find direction from that form as it becomes manifest to them. This article discusses, thus, the ways in which an ecologized ethics is linked to the aesthetic ground from which it emerges.

Tales of COVID-19: Fear of Contagion and Need for Infection

The pandemic has been such a dramatic experience that it has newly illuminated the factors that can transform Hegel’s necessary “infection”—a permeability to the other and the intersubjective foundation of the ego—into a contagion that alienates the subject. The dialectic between these two kinds of otherness represents what is truly at stake in any encounter—i.e., mutual recognition. Therefore, despite the terrible load of concreteness and suffering that bears directly on psychoanalysis, the theater of analysis still stands, so that the “tales of COVID-19” should also be listened to as fictional, that is, as unconscious communications in the here and now.

Revealing The Socio-Cultural Perspective Of Madurese Community On Tax Avoidance In Government Agencies

The purpose of this study was to obtain an overview of tax avoidance in government agencies based on the socio-cultural habits of the community. This study uses a qualitative realist ethnographic method to reveal an overview of tax avoidance in government agencies in Madura with the supplier and treasurer informants. The results obtained indicate that tax avoidance in government agencies is influenced by the cultural habit of repaying the kindness of others with kindness in kind. The habit of not being indebted for the kindness of others becomes a factor of pressure as well as a justification for tax avoidance by splitting proof of expenditure. The opportunity factor that the treasurer has as a central figure in financial management, supported by the provision of split proof of expenditure by suppliers, is a driving factor for tax avoidance in government agencies. The implication of this research is to provide an overview of the causes and modes of tax avoidance in government agencies, so that appropriate tax regulations and supervision can be formed to minimize the occurrence of tax avoidance.

Body politics, alterities, and perception: A theological hesitation after the pandemic

AbstractBy demanding collective strategies and agreeing individuals, the pandemic has not only exposed multiple kinds of otherness around us and between us, but even within us. In this article, I propose to theologically reflect on this situation by means of a perceptive hesitation. I do this with reference to Wolfhart Pannenberg's theology, and Alia Al‐Sagi's critical phenomenology, both of whom draw on Henri Bergsson's descriptions of human temporality, and share the consideration of human independence as being integral to perceiving alterity. In the end, I identify where Al‐Sagi and Pannneberg differ, and I go with Al‐Sagi, and consider hesitation as a term for the temporal dimension and difference of faith as related to hope and the necessary condition for a loving body politics.

Practicing Other-Focused Kindness and Self-Focused Kindness Among Those at Risk for Mental Illness: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

People with reduced levels of mental well-being might be at risk for developing future mental illness. Although several positive psychology interventions successfully improve mental well-being and psychological distress, less is known about their efficacy in a sample at risk for mental disorders. A Dutch sample of 289 participants with low or moderate levels of well-being were randomly assigned to other-focused kindness with reflection, other-focused kindness without reflection, self-focused kindness, or waitlist control (Trial register: NTR6786). Results of multilevel growth curve analyses revealed that other-focused kindness, but not self-focused kindness, led to improvements in the primary outcome mental well-being relative to waitlist control up to 6-week follow-up. By contrast, only other-focused kindness without reflection led to improvements in psychological distress. The three kindness conditions mainly did not differ from one another, and mainly no differences were found up to 6-months follow-up. An exception was that perceived stress was significantly more reduced up to 6-week and 6-months follow-up when people practiced other-focused kindness without reflection then when participants had practiced self-focused kindness. These findings point to the benefits of practicing kindness for others when people might be at risk for future mental illness. The study also indicates that reflecting about practicing kindness does not seem to have added value.

Campaign letter for RPS elections 2021: Alisha Sodhi on mentorship for pharmacists

I am standing in these elections to ensure that every pharmacist has access to inspiring mentors and coaches. Why is this so important to me? Because it was through the kindness of others and their willingness to support my career that I was able to see just how high pharmacists can soar. A true mentor/coach […]

The Victorian Age and the Other

This paper deals with the reception of the Other in Queen Victoria’s realm – where the sun never sets. Covering an enormous surface of the known world, the Empire triggered real answers to the presence of the subjects of the worldwide British Empire in good ole’ England. Literary representations of the Other appeared in every genre, but especially in the novel, which more than any other literary form of the period attempted to analyze and represent Victorian socio-political stratification. Critics have usefully examined the novelistic representations of each form of Otherness, considering, for instance, representations of the “Oriental,” the “African,” the “Indian,” the "Irish,” the “Jew,” or the “Scot.” As we will see, while Victorians attempted to relate different kinds of Otherness to one another, they made both tremendous and subtle distinctions between different marginalized groups.

Becoming-Woman in Pu Songling’s Strange Tales

Abstract This article examines the animal–human erotic encounters in Pu Songling’s strange [zhiguai 志怪] tales, using Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s theories of becoming-woman and affect to think through several intersecting kinds of otherness, including the queer, the woman, the animal, and the strange. Zhiguai is a genre of writing that features ghosts, magical animal–human shapeshifting, dreams that intervene in reality, and other supernatural characters and events. The traditional scholarly approach to the zhiguai tales has been to understand queerkind in these tales as purely allegorical representations of humans and human society. This article approaches them from the perspective of their distinct supernatural qualities or the importance of hybrid human-animal bodies in the stories, as opposed to an anthropocentric reading of the zhiguai tales. It argues that the bodily transformations in the zhiguai tales are Deleuzian becoming-woman, which are sexually transgressive when eroticized queerkind bodies and desires queer the Confucian feminine norm of chaste women.

Phenomenology of the Other. Paul Ricœur and Emmanuel Lévinas’ attitude towards the ontology of Totality

The aim of this paper is to present Ricœur’s and Lé vinas’s approach to the concept of selfhood (French soi) as a response to the dispute over subjectivity which was initiated by the critics of modern tradition of the absolutization of Cartesian cogito. The debate on the notion of selfhood has not been closed yet. The author analyses two diff erent approaches to the problem. One appeals to the Hegelian dialectic, adjusting it to the formula “oneself as another” (discounting that part of the dialectical movement in which Hegel jumps to a vision of absolute knowledge). The other refers to the category of substitution. Both Ricœur and Lé vinas point to the Platonic opposition of the notions of “the Same” and “the Other.” Ricœur’s initial claim breaks with the established language of ontology. Moving beyond the circle of sameness-identity towards the dialectic of sameness- and selfhood-identity entails the transformation of the notion of otherness: it is no longer an antonym of “same,” but it is a kind of otherness that is constitutive of selfhood.

Falling in love with robots: a phenomenological study of experiencing technological alterities

AbstractIs it possible for human beings to establish romantic relationships with robots? What kind of otherness, or alterity, will be construed in the process of falling in love with a robot? Can a robotic companion mean more than being a tool for house-work, a caretaker, an aid of self-gratification, or a sex-doll? Phenomenological analysis of love experience suggests that romantic feelings necessarily include experiencing the alterity of the partner as an affective subjectivity that freely, willingly, and passionately commits to its partner. The romantic commitment is expected to stem from the sentient inner selves of the lovers, which is one of the features that robots are lacking. Thus the artificial alterity might disengage our romantic aspirations, and, as argued by many, will make them morally inferior to intraspecies love affairs. The current analysis will restrain from ethical considerations, however, and will focus on whether robots can in principle elicit human feelings of love.

The Pragmatist Turn: Religion, the Enlightenment, and the Formation of American Literature

The Pragmatist Turn: Religion, the Enlightenment, and the Formation of American Literature

“What the Body Can Do”: Creating Space for Critical Hope through Affective Encounters with a Different Kind of Otherness

My aim here is to use the notion of critical hope as a lens for exploring how a dramaturgy of Affect can create spaces for challenging the on-going marginalization resulting from the intersection of disability, race and access in the context of South Africa's much-lauded “inclusive” constitution. Given that the body, especially the black and disabled body, has been seen as a site marked by physical and structural violence, a focus on what the body can do, rather than how it is seen, has particular relevance for exploring the work of Unmute, the first integrated dance company in South Africa to incorporate differently abled dancers. This discussion will take into account the effects generated by the affective performance techniques employed, as well as the discomfort experienced by spectators when familiar perceptions are disrupted. It will be argued that these disruptions have a liberatory dimension in that they can trigger cognitive shifts which are productive for conceptualizing critical hope.

Fenomenologia innego. Paul Ricœur i Emmanuel Lévinas wobec ontologii całości

Artykuł ten jest próbą krytycznego omówienia sporu Ricœura z Lévinasem dotyczącego rozumienia etyki, ściśle rzecz biorąc koncepcji „podmiotu” etycznego. Wychodząc od przeprowadzonej przez obu filozofów krytyki nowożytnej absolutyzacji cogito, poddaję analizie rozwijane przez Ricœura dialektyczne ujęcie podmiotu (fr. soi) wyrażonego w formule „ten-który-jest-sobą-samym-jak-i-innym” oraz opisany przez Lévinasa fenomen „radykalnej inności”. Następnie staram się odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy możliwe jest intelektualne porozumienie między Ricœurem i Lévinasem, polegające na wyznaczeniu wspólnego horyzontu dla koncepcji podmiotu otwartej dialektyki i podmiotu ukonstytuowanego przez źródłowe „wyznaczenie” do odpowiedzialności, w granicach którego można mówić o fenomenologii siebie, tj. fenomenologii podmiotu, który rozpoznaje się dzięki innemu niż on sam.

Facing the Foreign: The Aftermath of World War II and Estonian as Otherness in Two Films by Ingmar Bergman

Abstract Drawing on a few concepts of postcolonialism, including Edward Said’s idea of Orientalism and Stuart Hall’s theory on representation, this article explores the representations of Estonian culture and language in two films by Ingmar Bergman, This Can’t Happen Here (Sånt händer inte här, Sweden, 1950; also known as High Tension) and The Silence (Tystnaden, Sweden, 1963). Through a descriptive textual analysis of the Estonian representational elements in these films, the article suggests that Bergman uses Estonian language and culture to establish a certain kind of Otherness, marking a cultural hegemony and exotifying a new foreign element in post-war Sweden. An additional aim of the article is to present and contextualise the exiled Estonian actors that starred in This Can’t Happen Here, as this has not been done in a scholarly context, and since the film ended up being their only cinematic appearance in their new adopted country.