Kinds Of Musical Instruments Research Articles

Playing flute without lips? Tones of music lost in time: An investigation of the indigenous Bastar flutes of India

The physics of music has been well studied and has provided the basis on which musical instruments are made, studied and characterized. Significant research has been conducted on the different kinds of musical instruments, which range from traditional instruments like the mridangas of India to the bagpipes of Scotland. In fact, a lot of research has been carried on the acoustics of different kinds of flutes as well, such as the Finnish kantele and the Indonesian Kompangs. The Indian subcontinent, the birthplace of transverse flutes and a host of other instruments, itself has a plethora of unique musical instruments that have been scientifically examined. Yet, the Bastar flutes of India have evaded the due scientific attention that they deserve owing to their unique sound generation mechanism. Quite strangely and surprisingly, these Bastar flutes are a unique genre of flutes that don’t require lips to be played, and are quite intriguing. The current research explores the aeroacoustics of a Bastar flute via experimental measurements, computational simulations and analytical formulations. The results demonstrate that the amplitude produced is directly proportional to the number of rims present. This are also responsible for producing a low-frequency, high-amplitude melodious sound. It also suggests that the underlying mechanism behind sound generation in a Bastar flute is a unique blend of edge tone and a jet tone, demonstrating a rare phenomenon not seen in traditional musical instruments. This uncommon phenomenon has the potential to unlock several new applications in the field of acoustics.

On Talent Training and Cultural Development of Saxophone under Network Technology

Saxophone as a kind of musical instrument is unique in shape, playing method, playing skill, timbre and keeping way. The continuous development of network technology provides more possibilities for talent training, and popularizes Saxophone teaching, which can increase the choice of musical instruments for music lovers. Saxophone can further strengthen the performance of ensemble in group performance. This paper studies the relationship between talent training and cultural development of saxophone under the background of network technology, and deeply studies its important value in cultural shaping. After that, it explores how to popularize Saxophone more effectively and how to promote cultural production.

Two Semahs Of Tunceli And Its Surroundings: Semah of Maraş And Semah of Kırklar

AbstractThe demographic structure of Tunceli has constantly shifted, including forced migration, anduncertainty has occurred in the community’s beliefs and practices depending on the location. Thenew place and time have made it easier to benefit from modern educational opportunities and tobecome a part of political and ideological movements with the help of political parties. Subsequently,the socio-cultural structure began to take a new form and the new discourse began to dominate thetradition. Thus, almost everything that belongs to the tradition ceased to be acceptable, but alsoturned into topics that need to be tackled. The educated actors of the new discourse, who took theplace of the Ocakzades and struggled against the ocaks (spiritual centers), turned the traditionallyon-going structure into pressure by both explaining with their new knowledge and imposing the new discourse. As a result, this discourse, in the face of the disappearance of the cem and semah that hasbeen going on for centuries, has caused the problem to deepen further and the practices to disappeargradually. The split between the executives and the executed has been left unsolved by the actorsof the new discourse, and uncertainty has started to occur gradually. There is saz (kind of musicalinstrument), but only few performers; there is a melody, but the reader is less; there is semah, but onlyfew people who apply. However, there are increasingly more people who explain all these issues andproduce theories far from their own place or in an unrelated place.As a result, in the field study conducted in 1995, Seydali Aktepe from Bargini Village of Hozatdistrict of Tunceli is the source person of Maras Semah and Kazim Mansuroglu from Tunceli isthe source person of Kirklar Semah.Keywords: Tunceli, Semah, Kirklar Semah, Maras Semah.

Diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disorders in wind instrument players

Introduction: Playing certain kinds of musical instruments may cause disturbances around the oral cavity. Blowing activity in wind players involves contractions of the muscles around the mouth. Continuous or repetitive muscle contraction can cause muscle fatigue that triggers the onset of symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD). The aim of this study was to determine the description of diagnosis of TMD in wind players. Method: The research was conducted to 30 brass instrument players at Gema Wibawa Mukti Marching Band Community (22 boys, 8 girls) aged 13-27 who had been actively playing wind instruments in the last 6 months. The research method used was descriptive. Examination and diagnosis were based on physical examination category and the algorithm of DC-TMD Axis I revision of 2014. Results: The results showed that for 30 samples of wind players, the number of diagnose of Group Ie (arthralgia) was 4 players, Group IIa (disc displacement with reduction) was 8 players, and Group III (degenerative joint disease) was 4 players. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study was 43.33% of wind players at Gema Wibawa Mukti MBC suffered from temporomandibular joint disorders, in which the highest diag-nosis was disc displacement with reduction, followed by arthralgia and degenerative joint disease.

Assembling Music

In this paper, I report on my three projects - sound installation, new musical instruments and new platform of computer music - the common key concept is "assembling music". Musical performance is a kind of expansion of human-body activity. I have been developing many kinds of musical instruments as a part of my composition, and I focused essentially on human "assembling" action in music performance in these projects. Of course, musical composition is an assembling process of musical parts. However, I want to expand the concept of "assembly" - not only for composition but also for performance. I hope this report expands the possibilities in interaction design for media art, and hope to discuss the technological detail and artistic approach.

Analysis of Musical Instrument-Related Activities in Teacher's Manuals under the Nuri Curriculum for Three-, Four-, and Five-Year-Olds

본 연구는 누리과정 교사용 지도서에 제시된 악기 관련 활동의 전반적 경향과 ‘악기 연주하기’활동의 특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 따라서 누리과정 교사용 지도서 총 32권에서 악기 관련 활동 192개를 선정하여, 누리과정 관련요소, 활동유형, 악기종류를 분석하고, 그 가운데 52개의‘악기 연주하기’활동만을 생활주제, 음악적 개념, 태도, 활동자료, 교수-학습방법에 따라 빈도와 백분율로 산출하였다. 연구결과, 누리과정 교사용 지도서의 악기 관련 활동은 예술경험영역의 예술적 표현하기에서의 반영 비율이 가장 높았다. 악기 관련 활동유형으로 노래 부르기, 악기 연주하기가 많았고, 악기종류는 리듬악기가 가장 많았다. ‘악기 연주하기’활동을 분석한 결과, 연령과 생활주제에 따라 활동 수에서 편차가 나타났다. 악기 연주하기 활동의 목표, 내용, 평가에 나타난 음악적 개념을 분석한 결과 활동목표에는 리듬이 가장 많았으며, 활동내용과 평가에서는 음색이 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 활동목표와 평가에 제시된 음악적 태도는 즐거운 마음으로 참여하기가 가장 높았다. 활동자료는 악기 외에 음원을 가장 많이 사용했고, 교수-학습방법으로 3세는 자유롭게 연주하기, 4세는 분담합주하기, 5세는 리듬치기가 많이 나타났다.This study set out to examine the overall trends of musical instrument-related activities and the characteristics of the activities of playing a musical instrument in teachers manuals under the Nuri Curriculum. For this purpose, the study selected 192 activities related to musical instruments in total 32 teacher s manuals under the Nuri Curriculum, analyzed the elements related to the Nuri Curriculum, types of activities, and kinds of musical instruments, and obtained frequency and percentage from 52 activities of playing a musical instrument according to life topics, musical concepts, attitudes, activity materials, and teaching and learning methods. The findings show that the activities related to musical instruments recorded the highest reflection percentage in artistic expressions in the area of art experiences in the teacher s manuals under the Nuri Curriculum. The popular types of activities related to musical instruments were singing a song and playing a musical instrument. The most abundant type of musical instruments was rhythm instruments. The study analyzed the activities of playing a musical instrument and found a deviation in the number of activities according to age and life topics. The musical concepts were analyzed in the goals, content, and evaluation of activities of playing a musical instrument. The analysis results show that rhythms and tones were the most in the goals of activities and in the content and evaluation of activities, respectively. As for musical attitudes in the goals and evaluation of activities, participation with a happy mind was the highest. As for activity materials, sound sources were used most other than musical instruments. As for teaching and learning methods, playing a musical instrument freely, playing in divided ensemble, and beating rhythms were the most among three-, four-, and five-year-olds, respectively.

Wireless hand gesture controlled multiple musical instruments

We live in two worlds: the physical and the digital. We can touch, see, feel, hear and taste the physical world. The digital represents the information, data, and software. The basic idea of our system is to take a part of the physical word, filled with music and drop it into the digital word by replacing a guitar, a drum set or any other kind of musical instrument with merely two hand gloves. Each of the gloves will embed a micro controller, an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and a transmitter. The motion of the IMU will be processed in each of the micro controller and will be transmitted via respective transmitters. The data will be received by the third micro controller, consisting of two receiving modules. The signals will be transmitted on the respective movements of one’s hand and the bend experienced in the fingers (the same situation occurs while playing the actual guitars). The received data will be processed at the receivers end and henceforth converted to musical sound. The system will be light weighted, easy for a learner and can be used to play multiple types of sounds. It is working efficiently as soothing amplified sound produced. The system will be easier to carry and may replace big clumsy musical instruments. It will be much easier to play for everyone especially for people with disabilities.

English

Between the two hemispheres of the brain, structural and functional differences are called cerebral lateralization that can affect the skill performance of both arms in a different way, which is called handedness. Approximately 90% of people is right-handed and they use the right hand for most skillful activities. Interestingly, recent studies especially on musicians show that this difference is less in musicians than in non-musicians and musicians have better skillful performance compared to non-musicians in hand skill task. However, there is no study with the arms performance stated if this also depends on the type of playing instruments. Thus, the purpose of this study was to search if playing different kind of musical instrument, string and piano, can alter the arm asymmetry. Besides, it was also questioned whether string and piano players overall have less asymmetry compared to non-musicians. 30 right-handed participants from three groups (10 from each group) took part and were asked to reach one of three targets in front of them with either right or left arms. Their movements accuracy and linearity were analyzed by electromagnetic movement tracker system (please see method section). As a result, similar results were obtained with previous studies. A significant difference was not seen in the use of arms of musicians who play piano and string instruments. On the other hand, it was found that musicians make use of their arms better compared to non-musicians with their both arms. Thus, playing musical instrument can decrease the arm asymmetry regardless of the type of the instrument. Key words: Interlimb difference, lateralization, arm asymmetry, musicians.

Indian Musical Instrument Recognition using Modified LPC Features

Indian Classical Music is considered very diverse and distinct area of music across the globe. It has its indistinct melodies especially made up of unique musical instruments. It uses a wide variety of Musical Instruments to achieve this feat. In last two decades, researchers are actively associated with human perception towards the study of Musical Instruments. In this paper, we have proposed an innovative method to classify the Indian Musical Instrument Recognition (IMIR) technique using the Modified Linear Predictor Coefficient (LPC) features. The Classification algorithm has adopted Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). The proposed method has been tested with nine kinds of musical instruments. The research project involved the identification of musical sounds with experimental results using the present technique which has an accuracy of 93.04%. General Terms Indian Musical Instrument Recognition (IMIR), Linear Predictor Coefficient (LPC), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Best First Decision Tree, Temporal Features, Spectral Features, Monophonic, Polyphonic audio signal.

Teachers’ Perceptions on the Relationship between Mathematics and Music in Gweru Urban Schools and One Teachers’ College: Case for Integration?

There is strong research evidence that children perform better in mathematics if music is incorporated in it and vice versa. Mathematics and music are school subjects that are also useful and important as languages of communication in daily life situations. Previous research and this study have shown that mathematics and music are related in various known (and possibly unknown) ways so much that not putting the relationship to good use in and out of school could only be to our disadvantage. This paper argues for the use of the integration teaching approach at school level and encourages further investigation of the math-music relationship in and outside of school settings. The recommendations of this paper are supported by literature and by the study findings. The sample in this study included 14 qualified teachers in 9 schools and 1 teachers’ college, 64 pupils and 36 college students all in Gweru Urban district. Using the survey design, questionnaires were administered to 10 teachers to tap their perceptions and suggestions while 4 teachers were interviewed. Using SPSS 11.5, mathematics and music marks of a total of 64 judgmentally selected primary and secondary pupils from 4 of the 9 schools, and 36 teachers’ college students were used to investigate the math-music relationship by way of correlations. It was found that there is a moderate positive correlation at school level but low positive correlation at college level. Teachers believed that such relationship is more pronounced at primary school level where the structured and integrated approach was recommended in order to improve pupils’ performance in the two subjects. Teachers and school authorities were challenged to equip their schools with different kinds of musical instruments and learning materials in order to improve performance in mathematics. The relationship outside the school setting involving mathematicians and musicians was also noted and recommended as an area for further research.

The assessment and functional rehabilitation of historic wooden musical instruments: The “reference voice” method and its application to the grand piano

Abstract This paper gives some information about the strategies for the functional rehabilitation of wood-made historical musical instruments, taking into due account the properties of this material. Actually, while for some types of wooden musical instruments it is possible to keep intact, or to recuperate, the (true or supposed) original voice and playability through quite straightforward steps during the restoration works, for other kinds of musical instruments made of wood, it is shown that a much more complex approach is required, and that a tool developed for monitoring the obtained results could be useful both for control and documentation purposes.

118302 ミュージカルソーの発音メカニズムに基づく薄板構造物の低騒音設計(一般02 機械力学・制御工学3)

This paper discuses the way to reduce the noise and vibration of thin plate structures. This paper focuses on the musical saw, a kind of musical instrument. The musical saw is thin plate and for playing the instrument, it is need to bend the saw as S-curve. Also thin curved plates are used for various mechanical structures to enhance the stiffness. In case that the curved plates have same dynamic characteristics as musical saw, the plates became noise source. Through the experiment and numerical investigation for the relationship between the mode shape and radiation sound, it is shown the dynamic characteristic of thin plate which contributes the radiation sound.

The Metallurgy of the Sicilian Final Bronze Age/Early Iron Age necropolis of Madonna del Piano (Catania, Sicily)

This paper presents the analysis results of the copper- based finds, from the important Sicilian necropolis of Madonna del Piano, near Grammichele (Catania), dated between the local Final Bronze Age 2 and the Early Iron Age IA. 122 copper-based finds from the 273 graves (1970-71) of the large cemetery have been analysed. The sampled objects belong to different classes, there are for instance weapons of offence and defence, such as swords and greaves, small decorative objects for personal use, such as rings, fibulae, belt hooks, belt decorations, and small tools, such as the knives used by women, reels, needles and razors, but also small functional parts, such as rivets and nails, repairs and even a kind of musical instrument, such as the tintinnabula. The methods employed were AAS and SEM, where possible, and XRF in all cases. The aim of the research was that of evaluating the skill of the local artisans, of determining the most common copper-based alloys in use in Sicily in this period and comparing the data with the analysis results of contemporary groups of finds from other areas of the Italian peninsula and from other European regions.

111 ミュージカルソーの発音メカニズムに基づく薄板構造物の低振動・低騒音設計(解析・動設計,OS-9 モード解析とその応用関連技術,総合テーマ「伝統を,未来へ!」)

This paper discuses the way to reduce the noise and vibration of thin plate structures. This paper focuses on the musical saw, a kind of musical instrument. The musical saw is thin plate and it is need to bend the saw as S-curve, to play the instrument. Thin plate structures used for various products. In some case, curvature is laid on thin plate structures to enhance the rigidity. If musical saw and thin plate structures conditions are matched, it will be noise problem. Investigating that the relationship between the sound pressure, S-curve, boundary condition, and aspect ratio of the saw by experiment and FEA, it is discussed to apply the investigation result to the thin plate structures.

The design and implementation of a digital music library

The design and implementation of Harbin Institute of Technology--Digital Music Library (HIT-DML) is presented in this paper. Firstly, a novel framework, a music data model, and a query language are proposed as the theoretical foundation of the library. Secondly, music computing algorithms used in the library for feature extracting and matching are described. In addition, indices are introduced for both mining themes of music objects and accelerating content-based information retrieval. Finally, experimental results on the indices and the current development of the library are provided. HIT-DML is distinguished by the following points. First, it is inherently based on database systems, and combines database technologies with multimedia technologies seamlessly. Musical data are structurally stored. Second, it has a solid theoretical foundation, from framework and data model to query language. Last, it can retrieve musical information based on content against different kinds of musical instruments. The indices used, also power the library.

Notes on "Cleanness" and "Sir Gawayne"

What does bougounz mean? The Ni.E.D. says: '?some kind of musical instrument'; Stratmann-Bradley has: 'an instrument of music.' These renderings are, of course, purely contextual, and, I think, inaccurate. Professor E. Weekley seems to have put students on the right track, in his article on 'Anglo-Romance Etymologies' in the Transactions of the Philological Society (1907-10; pt ii. pp. 205 ff.) s.v. Bludgeon, which he suggests may be < O.F. boug(e)on, boujon, etc.: he concludes: 'the M.E. bougounz, only recorded once, may quite well be a beating instrument.' Following this hint, I suggest that it means here, 'drum-sticks.' The most frequent meaning of O.F. bougon is 'a heavy cross-bow bolt with a large head, intended for smashing rather than piercing.' (Cf. O.F. garrot and materas, with the same meaning, also used in the sense of 'cudgel.') Various other meanings of bougon are given in the Dictionaries, many denoting some instrument with a rounded, swollen, extremity, or one with such a rounded swelling in some part of its length. Diez derives boujon, therefore, < btilla, boulel. We may perhaps compare O.E. cycgel ='cudgel,' which Kluge connects with N.H.G. kugel = 'ball' and keule ='club' (presumably with a knob or rounded, swollen, end), and Skeat with SWED. kugge-'cog' and DAN. dial. kug(e)l, kygl, =' rounded,' 'convex.'

Die Lehre von den Tonempfindungen

THIS work traces the connection between physical and physiological acoustics, on the one hand, and the general principles and practice of music, on the other. Professor Helmholtz's qualifications for taking up this subject are unique. In each branch of science involved in the inquiry he has a reputation at least equal to that of any specialist in that branch. In the combination of eminently original mathematical power and consummate skill in physical and physiological research with the technical knowledge of a trained musician, he stands absolutely alone. It need therefore surprise no one that the volume before us, the first edition of which was published in 1862 as the fruit of eight years' work, has practically revolutionised the subject with which it deals. He begins by completely clearing up the nature of the quality (timbre) of musical sounds. He fixes his reader's attention on the harmonics which previous observers had recognised as accompanying a fundamental note. These, he shows, are no isolated phenomena, but invariable concomitants of nearly all musical sounds. In fact, what appears to be a simple note of any assigned instrument, is really a composite sound consisting of a number of different tones, all, however, members of a series connected together by a simple law. The quality of the sound depends on the relative intensities in which these partial-tones are present in the whole mass of sound (Klang) heard. Helmholtz illustrates his theory by determining the relative intensities of the audible partial-tones produced by the principal kinds of musical instruments, and also those corresponding to the different vowel-sounds of the human voice. He has also invented an apparatus by which the most important members of the complete series of partial-tones corresponding to a fundamental tone can be sounded with any assigned relative intensities, and which is capable of producing a tolerably close imitation of many sounds differing widely from each other in quality. These investigations occupy the first part of the work. Die Lehre von den Tonempfindungen, von H. Helmholtz. (Braunschweig: F. Vieweg. London: Williams and Norgate. 3rd edition. 1870.)