Kinds Of Insecticides Research Articles

Resistant level of houseflies to seven kinds of synthetic insecticides and effect of synergists to the Malathion resistant strain in Singapore.

The resistant level of the houseflies to the seven kinds of insecticides, Malathion, Sumithion, Baytex, Diazinon, DDVP, DDT and Chrysron, was examined on the 3 strains collected in Singapore. It was found that most housefly colonies in Singapore showed a higher susceptibility to those insecticides than that of the Takatsuki strain of Japan, especially to DDT. However, the resistant level to Malathion was remarkably higher than that of the Takatsuki strain. The synergists, piperonyl butoxide, Safroxane and S-421, mixed with Malathion were effective for lowering the resistant level of the Malathion-resistant strain.

Pesticidal Activity of Methyl Isoxathion

Several kinds of insecticides have been applied in eel ponds in Japan to eliminate unfavorable zooplanktons for fish. Among these organisms, Ostracoda (Crustacea) is strongly resistant to the chemicals so far adopted. In the present study, methyl isoxathion, a new organo-phosphorous compound developed by Sankyo Co., was confirmed to be highly effective against the Ostracoda, Candonocypris assimilis SARS, 1895 and Heterocypris incongruens (RAMDOHR, 1808) subsp. attenuata (GAUTHIER, 1938), when applied in the water. A 50% emulsion of the compound killed the pests in clean water at levels of 0.1 to 0.2 ppm during 3 days at room temperature, but the effectiveness of the chemical was found to reduce at a low temperature and by the concomitance of phytoplankton and/ or the mud. The drug was not harmful to the young fishes of Anguilla anguilla, A. japonica, Carassius auratus and Cyprinus carpio, at concentrations below 2.5 ppm of the emulsion.

THE RESISTANT LEVEL OF THE HOUSEFLIES TO SEVERAL SYNTHETIC INSECTICIDES IN INDONESIA

The resistant level of the houseflies to the several kinds of insecticides, pyrethrins, allethrin, Sumithion (fenitrothion), diazinon, DDVP, Baytex, γ-BHC and DDT, were examined on the sixteen strains collected in Indonesia. It was found that many housefly colonies in Indonesia showed higher susceptibility to these insecticides than the Takatsuki strain, especially the flies collected in Ambon, Celebes, Flores, Bali, Timor and Lombok Islands were found to be high susceptible for 9 insecticides. A few samples of flies from Indonesia showed tolerant to Sumithion, especially high LD50 values were obtained in the flies from 3 places of Jakarta city (0.615, 0.560 and 0.407 μg, respectively) and from Kabanjahe, Sumatra (0.435 μg). These LD50 values were much higher than the value of Takatsuki strain (0.088 μg).

INSECTICIDE SPRAY

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In a recent edition of theArchives(129:395, 1972) a short article about Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) appeared. It is deadly in horses but mild in man, and there seems to be a vaccine available against it. Twin-engine air force planes, however, were used to blanket more than 2.5 million acres in Texas and Louisiana with insecticide. I wonder what the ecological results of spraying 2.5 million acres will be. It was not stated what kind of insecticide was used. Hopefully it was not DDT. But even if it was not, the effects upon the ecology and perhaps upon our children and grandchildren should be considered. According to the article, "if the virus begins to spread again," the US Department of Agriculture declares, "we will tighten and extend the quarantine regulations and possibly resume spraying to control the mosquitos that are the chief carrier of VEE." I

暖地馬鈴薯主要品種の葉巻病株におけるアブラムシ類の高い密度ならびにそれらの薬剤防除上の考慮について

In autumn of 1968, population density of aphids on seed born Leaf Roll Virus infected potato plants was examined.Number of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae SULZER on diseaed plants was about twice as much as on healthy plants (Fig. 1). It seemed that number of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii GLOVER was much more on diseased plants than on healthy ones (Fig. 2). Three varieties of potato, namely Unzen, Tachibana and Chijiwa showed the same result.The cotton aphid, non-vector of leaf roll virus was controlled entirely by six kinds of insecticides, namely DDT, Lindane, Malathion, PAP, Diazinon and Metasystox-s (Fig. 4). The green peach aphid, vector of this virus, was entirely controlled by only Metasystox-s, but not by the others, particularly, on diseased plants (Fig. 3), In figures, dotted lines with open circles show the number of insect per healthy plant and solid lines with solid circles show the number of insects per diseased plant.

各種殺虫薬慢性中毒の実験的研究

各種殺虫薬慢性中毒の実験的研究

Título en español.

El uso del sistema de riego artificial aéreo establecido en la Colonia Juana Díaz, cerca de la Central Cortada, Santa Isabel, P. R., hace posible la aplicación de los abonos disueltos en agua y de los insecticidas para la represión de los insectos que viven en el terreno. Para combatir el taladrador del tallo de la caña, Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) se iniciaron dos experimentos durante los años 1950 y 1951, en los cuales se usó este método de dispersión de los insecticidas. Se usaron 13 clases de insecticidas, a saber: Aldrín, Clordano, Dieldrín, Ryania, Rotano, Hexaloruro de benceno, Emulsión concentrada CPR, Gyphene, Marlate, Kryocide, Dilan, Heptachlor e Insecticida Dr. Wolf. Cada uno de estos insecticidas se aplicó en dos concentraciones distintas. Ambos experimentos incluyeron 31 parcelas sembradas de caña, 20 de ellas tratadas con insecticidas y 11 testigos. Los insecticidas se aplicaron a intervalos de 15 días, esto es 4 aspersiones durante la temporada. Los experimentos se llevaron a cabo durante las temporadas de otoño de 1950 y 1951, respectivamente, cuando la caña estaba aún pequeña y empezaba a formar canutos en la base de los tallos. Las tablas y un análisis del trabajo efectuado, demuestran que estos insecticidas, por lo menos cuando se usó el método de riego artificial aéreo, fueron completamente ineficaces para controlar el insecto. En muchos casos la infestación en las parcelas testigos fué menor que en aquellas a las cuales se les aplicaron insecticidas; en otros casos los insecticidas de concentraciones bajas resultaron más eficaces para el combate del insecto que los mismos usados en concentraciones más altas. Es muy posible que la ineficacia de los insecticidas fuese motivada, en parte, por la gran cantidad de agua que se usó en su dispersión. No hay duda sobre que ésto redujo la concentración del insecticida hasta hacerlo completamente ineficaz para controlar el taladrador del tallo de la caña.