Kinds Of Industries Research Articles

An Overview on Pulp and Paper Manufacturing Process and its Waste Treatment

The pulp and paper industry has a great impact in the world. It has been manufactured for ages and ages, it is still booming up as industry in small scale and large scale levels. Despite the fact that they produce printing and writing papers, paper rolls, packaging material etc. they also produce large amount of waste materials from their Industry by Manufacturing. This when left untreated leads to environmental pollution, harsh contamination and so on. As every industry has its own waste water treatment methods to recycle, reuse and reduce pollution. This Industry also has its own criteria to carry out the process of waste water treatment, yet it lags in being efficient in it. By the sources collected and compared with other kinds of industries it is listed that pulp and paper manufacturing industry is one of the top most industries to produce large volumes of waste water which has degradable organics at higher level. Hence this paper aims to study the manufacturing process, waste water components released and its effect on environment, the treatment methods carried out and how it can be improvised efficiently in forthcoming days

The Role of Safety Silence Motives to Safety Communication and Safety Participation in Different Sectors of Small and Medium Enterprises: Investigation Results on Two Kinds of Industries in Indonesia.

BackgroundA number of accidents have occurred in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Efforts in reducing accidents have been undertaken through the implementation of safety behaviors. Unfortunately, few studies have examined motives behind unsafe behaviors, such as safety silence motives. This study aimed to observe the motives underlying safety behaviors, namely safety silence motive (SSM) (SSM-relation, SSM-climate, SSM-issue, and SSM-job) and to evaluate the effect of SSM and safety communication on safety participation in different industrial sectors and scales.Materials and MethodsEighty workers from two industrial sectors and scales of SMEs were involved. They were instructed to fill out a set of questionnaires. A five-Likert scale was used to respond. An independent t test was applied to find any significant differences. The partial least square-structural equation modeling for multigroup was used to develop a model on relations among the variables.ResultsThe results showed that SSM scores were high in SMEs, and the scores were different across industrial sectors and scales. SSM had a negative influence on safety communication, and safety communication positively influenced safety participation.ConclusionThe study of SSM, safety communication, and safety participation in different sectors and scales should be separated in SMEs.

Financial Innovations for SMEs in Sri Lanka

In Sri Lanka, SMEs play a significant role and are more constrained by different obstacles, and limited access to finance is a significant problem. The purpose of this paper was to investigate financial innovations to develop SMEs in Sri Lanka. The study was based on primary and secondary sources. Primary data were from SMEs' owners or managers gathered by using survey methods. The sample comprised 63 SMEs in Sri Lanka operating different kind of industries. The finding reveals that commercial banks' loans are the most critical source of SME financing, even though the SME has many difficulties in dealing with banks. Leasing financing and loans from other financial institutions are less important than other financial sources. Equity financing, venture capital, and factoring are uncommon among SMEs in Sri Lanka. Indeed, there was evidence that SMEs in Sri Lanka still preferred to use traditional financing sources instead of innovative financial sources. Furthermore, SMEs do not have sufficient knowledge about innovative financial authorities, and financial institutions fail to provide adequate support for SMEs. Promoting programs to develop managerial and IT skills for SMEs, establishing particular banks for SMEs related to the small community, and other financial such as factoring and venture capital can be developed to reduce SMEs' financing problem in Sri Lanka. Keywords: Access to Finance, Financial Innovations, SMEs DOI: 10.7176/JESD/11-20-08 Publication date: October 31 st 2020

Validation of a measuring scale of the expectations of millennials at work, the Mexican case

Today the retention millennial workers is a challenge for organizations. The purpose of this paper is to propose ideas to the decision makers, to lessen the high rate of personnel turnover in all kinds of industries in many countries. This research validates an instrument that evaluates the employability factors of millennials in Mexico, according to their own expectations. We based our study on the previous literature about the millennial generation in many countries. To validate the questionnaire, a sampling of 781 workers from the states of Querétaro and Guanajuato in México was conducted. The method used to achieve the objective was through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling, and tested two different methods: first order and second order models. With the three methods, exploratory, first order and second order factor analyses, similar results were obtained. In the analysis of the statistical techniques, two latent variables associated with the expectations of this generational group were generated. The factors found are “personal satisfaction with the organization” and “satisfaction with the organization’s social commitment.” These two factors are supported by the literature of other researchers. It is suggested that this questionnaire be validated in other countries but also in other regions of Mexico, using different productive sectors, thereby obtaining a broader perspective that will allow us to understand not only what millennials want from their work, but to what extent they want it.

Experiential Tourism in Lake Toba Samosir District

Tourism is a new kind of industry that can accelerate economic growth and availability of employment, income increment, standards of living and stimulate other productive sectors. In the context of tourism, satisfaction is referred to, as part of the expectation before travel and experience after the trip. The satisfaction of tourists can be influenced by their experience in visiting tourism destinations. Experience can be the key to the success of tourism industry. The tourism experience is divided into two, namely experiential quality and experiential value. Tourists who visit Lake Toba will get their personal experience from their holiday. The satisfaction in enjoying Lake Toba will help those tourists consider if they would return or not. The purpose of this research is to analyze experiential quality impacts on tourist satisfaction through experiential value. The sampling method used is accidental sampling. The population of this research is domestic tourists who visit Lake Toba in Samosir District. The number of respondents in this study was 140. Data analysis is done through PLS-SEM by using SmartPLS 3.0 program. The results showed significant effects of experiential quality on experiential value, experiential quality on tourist satisfaction, experiential value on tourist satisfaction, and experiential quality on the satisfaction of tourists through experiential value.

Application of nanoscale zero-valent iron in hexavalent chromium-contaminated soil: A review

Abstract Chromium (Cr) is a common toxic heavy metal that is widely used in all kinds of industries, causing a series of environmental problems. Nanoscale zero- valent iron (nZVI) is considered to be an ideal remediation material for contaminated soil, especially for heavy metal pollutants. As a material of low toxicity and good activity, nZVI has been widely applied in the in situ remediation of soil hexavalent chromium (Cr(vi)) with mobility and toxicity in recent years. In this paper, some current technologies for the preparation of nZVI are summarized and the remediation mechanism of Cr(vi)-contaminated soil is proposed. Five classified modified nZVI materials are introduced and their remediation processes in Cr(vi)-contaminated soil are summarized. Key factors affecting the remediation of Cr(vi)-contaminated soil by nZVI are studied. Interaction mechanisms between nZVI-based materials and Cr(vi) are explored. This study provides a comprehensive review of the nZVI materials for the remediation of Cr(vi)-contaminated soil, which is conducive to reducing soil pollution.

A new concept of full-automated equipment for the manufacture of shirt collars and cuffs

• Clothes production is usually a labour-intensive task. • Automation has been increasingly applied in some clothes production operations. • A full-automatic equipment has been developed, allowing collars and cuffs production. • Equipment allows automatic cutting and sewing operations in shirt components. • The different equipment components have been structurally optimized, becoming the equipment more sustainable. • Equipment avoids the use of labour in repetitive and boring tasks with low added-value. The quality requirements in clothing manufacturing have been increasing and consumer pressure on prices has also grown steadily. In fact, the textile industry is continuously seeking for countries practicing low salaries, because this kind of industry is usually based on labour-intensive tasks, to the detriment of task automation. Thus, clothing manufacturers need to be creative in order to improve the manufacturing processes, trying to automate the needed operations to produce each cloth component as much as possible. Automated operations avoid manufacturing mistakes and increase productivity, which are the main concerns of the clothing market. This work intends to develop a new concept of equipment able to produce collars and cuffs for shirts almost fully automatically. The manual movements have been carefully observed, optimized and replicated by the equipment, which successfully sews and cuts collars and cuffs for shirt fabrication. The structure and main systems used in the equipment were studied using the Finite Element Method (FEM), ensuring the required accuracy for all related operations. The result is a functional equipment that is able to be produced in large scale with an affordable cost, overcoming several problems related to the labour usually associated with the sewing and cutting operations required to fabricate collars and cuffs.

Six Sigma Implementation in Quality Evaluation of Raw Material: A Case Study

The study aims to evaluate the quality level of raw material in order to improve its quality. This study is constructed based on the implementation of six sigma methodology. Six Sigma is one powerful tool that used in this study to identify the problem, determine the quality level, and to develop the improvement comprehensively. Five phases of the model has been structured by stages respectively. Six sigma had been implemented in many kinds of industry, particularly in production process phase. However, there is a challenge to implement the methodology in other phase in supply chain in the context of developing country. The implementation was conducted on receiving raw material process part in the industry. The result showed some defects identified dominantly; damage seed, broken seed, insects, and moldy seed. There are 6734.13 possibilities of raw material in experiencing defect per million opportunities (DPMO). Lack of knowledge of the workers about the raw material and lack of supporting equipment are the two main causes of poor quality of receiving raw material process.

Comparison of Finite Element Methods in Fusion Welding Processes—A Review

Currently, welding processes have become one of the most used methods for joining materials in all kinds of industries, thanks to properties such as high speed and high tensile strength. However, despite these advantages, this type of connection method has some drawbacks, for example, residual stress and structural distortion, mainly due to the process thermal cycles. Structural distortion is one of the major concerns of industrial joining practice. In order to decrease distortion, the variation of welding sequence, direction, and clamping conditions, have been applied through several years, by trial and error tests. However, numerical simulation enables virtual examination of the welding, mainly due to the progress on the numerical methods, which stimulated the research on welding simulation models. These models can cover a wide spectrum of physical and thermal processes occurring during, and after welding. The aim of this paper is to provide wider information about types of finite element method (FEM) in fusion welding processes and to demonstrate the accuracy of FEM models results compared to experimental.

LSTM-based IMC approach applied in Wastewater Treatment Plants: performance and stability analysis

Wastewater treatment plants are industries where the reduction of residual water pollutant concentrations is performed. These kind of industries are characterised by applying highly complex and nonlinear biochemical and biological processes. Thus, some of the concentrations involved in these processes have to be controlled to assure that they are maintained at a given set-point. For that reason, different control strategies such as Proportional Integral (PI) controllers, Model Predictive Controllers (MPC), Fuzzy Logic or Internal Model Controllers (IMC) have been applied during the last years. However, the appearance of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is changing this scenario. They have been adopted to predict certain WWTP parameters and then feed conventional controllers or even to implement some of them. Here, an IMC approach implemented uniquely with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) cells to model the direct and inverse models of the process under control is proposed. Furthermore, its stability conditions are computed adopting a data-based test since no mathematical expressions of the different models are considered. Results show that this approach is stable in the frequency region where it is operating. Besides, control performance shows that this IMC is able to significantly improve the Benchmark Simulation Model No.1 default PI control strategy.

Non-dimensional analysis of electrochemical governing equations of lead-acid batteries

Abstract Lead–acid batteries have widespread usages in various kinds of industries all over the world. Therefore, these electrochemical energy saving devices always need to develop new models and analyses based on innovative ideas. In the present study, a new set of non–dimensional electrochemical governing equations for lead–acid cells are derived based on an innovative self–comparative concept. Thorough this non–dimensionalization process, some useful dimensionless coefficients of the governing equations are introduced. The non–dimensionalization analysis has been applied to the electrochemical governing equations including conservation of charge in solid and electrolyte, and conservation of species. Four novel dimensionless coefficients of electrode conductivity, electrolyte conductivity, diffusional conductivity of species and diffusion coefficient are derived from the dimensionless model. The new dimensionless model is studied in analysis of two distinct case. First is a comparison of performance of two typical lead-acid cells, simulated using dimensional and non-dimensional models. Second is an analysis of a single lead–acid cell using new model and a set of experimental tests. Both cases simulated using finite volume method. The simulated data is validated using comparison with experimental data. Finally, shown results indicate that the non–dimensional model is in fairly good accordance with data obtained from experiments, moreover, dimensionless coefficients are useful for comparing purposes and analysis of electrochemical processes. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that investigation of lead–acid cell’s performance in comparison with it’s maximum potential is an appropriate operational method.

Evaluation of turnaround maintenance practice effects in the process industry

Process industry such as the petrochemical industry is a kind of industry where the production performance depends on production equipment and assets. Thus, preventive maintenance becomes a very important way to achieve sustainable production in the process industry. The effectiveness, efficiency, reliability and maintenance of the equipment are vital for the uninterrupted, continuous and efficient operation. Turnaround maintenance (TAM) plays the most important role of preventive maintenance activities because it is an essential activity of maintenance in the process industry to improve the availability and reliability of the assets includes plant facilities, equipment and machinery. This study evaluates the effect of Turnaround Maintenance on the condition of the assets in the process industry using the statistical method. The significant variables used to analyze the effect of TAM are Plant Availability and Downtime Loss. The result shows that the correlation value between TAM occurrences with the increasing of availability is 0, 315 and with the increasing of downtime loss is -0, 818. The correlation value proves that TAM have a significant effect to increase the availability of the plant and to decrease the downtime loss in the real process industry practice.

Energy efficiency optimisation in industrial processes: Integral decision support tool

Assessing and improving energy efficiency in manufacturing processes is a crucial issue for companies who wish to become competitive. In addition, there are high margins of technical energy efficiency improvement for practically each sector and kind of industry. There are many Energy Efficiency Measures (EEM)s and tools in the literature to assess energy efficiency. To fit an EEM to a specific process is a complicated task, due to the different characteristic and restrictions of each specific manufacturing process. Owing to the complexity of the non-continuous processes, each measure has to be deeply analysed. Consequently, this work presents an integral analysis, process optimisation and decision support tool to assess the implementation of EEMs in these processes. This tool allows us to analyse both the possible synergies that may be created among the EEMs and their impact on other parts of the process line. The optimum solution or combination of EEMs, and their sizing, are determined to reach the highest levels of energy efficiency. The impact on the overall energy efficiency and the synergies among EEMs is shown. Several packages of EEMs are analysed, with energy consumption reductions ranging from 21% to 50%.

MÜŞTERİ SÖZLEŞMELERİNDEN HASILATIN ÖZELLİKLİ DURUMLAR ÇERÇEVESİNDE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Uluslararası Muhasebe Standartları Kurulu, daha önceki hasılat standardının eksiklerinin giderilmesi amacıyla 2014 yılında hasılatın muhasebeleştirilmesine yönelik yeni standardı “UFRS 15 – Müşteri Sözleşmelerinden Hasılat” olarak yayınlamıştır. Yeni standartta hasılatın muhasebeleştirilmesine yönelik 5 Aşamalı Model geliştirilmiş ve bu standart ile farklı sektörler arasındaki tutarlılık ve karşılaştırılabilirliğin sağlanması hedeflenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, yeni hasılat standardının önemli finansman bileşeninin varlığı, değişken bedel, indirimler ve iade hakkı, asıl-vekil değerlendirmesi ve garantiler gibi unsurlar açısından ele alınması ve yeni standardın farklı açılardan daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkı sağlamak hedeflenmiştir.

A New Design for Energy Saving in the Rotary Kilns of Cements Plants

The cement industry is ranked first among the energy consuming industries. This is the reason why the efficient use of energy has always been a priority in that kind of industries. This process requires very high temperatures in order to initiate the reaction and phase changes required to form the complex of mineral compounds that confer to the cement its unique properties. Significant energy consumption and greenhouse emissions are caused by the overall process. Heat losses occur through different process levels, such as furnace casing, exhaust, clinker outlet, dust, etc. The heat loss through the furnace shell by radiation and convection is very important. This work has been devoted to the evaluation of radiation and convection heat losses in the process; it includes the acquisition and use of data for evaluation and heat loss at the furnace shell. The results indicate that almost 4% of the energy supplied to the furnace is lost through the wall. Therefore, improved energy efficiency can reduce cement production costs that can be achieved through energy management, by using more efficient processing equipment, replacing old facilities with new ones or by new types of cement production processes, carrying out the research and development needed to develop new cement plants. An energy balance has been made on a kiln of a Moroccan process of cement production, based on data measured on it, showing the amount of energy loss and the importance of development of a new system of energy saving.

Chemical characterization and biological activity of essential oils from the aerial part and root ofFerula haussknechtii

AbstractFerulagenus belongs to Umbelliferae family. Plants with this kind of genus are distributed in an extended region such as central Asia and Mediterranean area.Ferulaspecies are used in traditional medicine as a remedy in different kinds of illnesses and also in different kinds of industries. TheFerula haussknechtiiH. Wolff ex Rech. f. is one of the flora species in Iran which in this research the essential oil of its aerial parts and root was extracted by Clevenger apparatus. After that, theirs compounds were recognized using gas chromatography methods (GC‐MS and GC‐FID) and their amount was determined. Antibacterial activity of essential oils was examined, and phytochemical screening on the plant's extracts was done too. GC‐MS/FID method identified 62 compounds in root and 64 compounds in aerial parts of this plant which were 94.6 and 92.8 percent of their respective whole essential oil. Camphene, α‐pinene, and isoverbanol had the most percent in both essential oils. Antibacterial tests on root and aerial parts of plant essential oils on 4 g‐negative and 5 g‐positive bacteria were done. Results concluded that essential oils were effective on theBacillus pumilus,Staphylococcus epidermidis,andStaphylococcus aureus(17‐18mm, 7.5 mg/mL); therefore, this plant can be useful in medicine and food industry as an antibacterial agent.

Review Article: Why Environmental Impact Assessment Failed in the Floriculture Industry in Ethiopia

Floriculture as an industry in Ethiopia is a huge industry that counts a decade. The sector began in 1997 with only two flower farms, however, today has grown more than 80 active flower farms. The industry has grown because of several favorable factors like the vicinity of the country to the global market, encouraging investment law, very cheap labor power, moreover suitable environmental resources like soil, groundwater, etc. Though it is one of the leading industry to make the country get forging currency, several environmental, animal and human health concern increases through time because of the industry uses lager amount of hazardous chemical for the pesticides purpose and growth regulator, which ends up finally with few treatment or not at all any treatments directly damp in to the environment and lead to adverse environmental impacts. This paper reviewed about gaps in the regulatory framework and the problem of not having effective regulation in such kind of industry. Keywords: Floriculture, Environmental policy, Environmental impact assessment DOI : 10.7176/JEES/9-9-02 Publication date :September 30 th 2019

Data Mining on 5G Technology IOT

Data Mining on 5G Technology IOT Currently, data mining is regarded as one of the essential factors for the next generation of mobile networks. Through research and data analysis, there are expectations that complexity of these networks will be overcome and it will be possible to carry out dynamic management and operation activities. In order to full comprehend the particulars of 5G network, there are certain kind of information that should be gathered by network components in order to be analyzed by a data mining scheme. The recent years have seen a tremendous effort put in the course of designing the 5th Generation of mobile networks (5G). The innovation of 5G mobile networks have been aimed at providing tailor cut solution for different kinds of industries particularly the telecommunication sector, intelligent transportation industries, health sector and even in smart factories. On the other hand, the scientific community has realized that big data solutions can significantly enhance the operation and management of both current and future mobile networks. Usually, data mining is employed in the course of discovering patterns and relationships between different variables particularly in large data sets. Through the use of statistical analysis, machine learning and artificial intelligence are used in the data set in the course of extracting necessary knowledge from the examined data. Data mining is integral in 5G technology because it is through data mining that 5G is considered different particularly through the ease in decision making process that has been offered by the system in order to mitigate some common challenges through a dynamic and proactive mechanism.

Insulation failure caused by special pollution around industrial environments

In the recently years, the industrial process has increased his production, in this way, the energy consumption has grown significantly with more substations and overhead lines around the industrial plants with lime production. There are many challenges in this kind of industry. One of the main polluting agents is the lime, in a Gold concentrator plant for power substation. The lime is composed primarily of hydroxide, oxides, and their composed. The porcelain is usually used for the insulation between the electrical devices as the circuit breaker, Insulators, current transformers, surge arresters, among others. The insulation has some changes with the climatic change and his manifestation as the moisture, fog, rain and snow. Although the electrical engineering has important advances, about the insulation and maintenance, the insulation failure caused by lime pollution and fog condition has an important relevance, associated to the partial and corona discharge, this condition has been found in the insulation associated to the bus bar Insulators. The main characteristic is the influence of lime and fog, in an area of heavy pollution with high voltage substations. In this research, the partial and corona discharges are described in the section 2, with the electronic devices for the diagnosis and the description of the components for the failure in the insulation, besides, in the section 3 is described the case study with the largest Industrial process in Chile associated to the main substation in 220 kV. In addition, the section 4 has the results and discussion about this phenomenon with the alternatives for assessment and corrections in this environment, accordingly, the results of this research should make available a reference to improve the efficiency of the maintenance and fault diagnosis.

Implementación de Aplicaciones Informáticas en la Industria Agrícola del Aguacate

Agriculture 4.0, conceived as a kind of industry, is built by integrating a set of digital technologies such as the Internet of things, Artificial Intelligence, and the management of large databases (or Big Data). This industry implies a transformation of the production infrastructure that allows increasing the agricultural productivity and the quality of the products efficiently and sustainably. These changes require the implementation of digital technologies for the collection, analysis and communication of information, allowing timely decision making. This article deals with the implementation of a platform that includes both desktop, Web and mobile applications and Internet of things tools for the control of production and marketing in avocado orchards. The development of a prototype of the platform is described under agile methodologies and following an iterative and incremental strategy. Finally, the tests that determine the integral functionality of the platform prototype and experimental results are presented.