Kind Of Foundation Research Articles

Addictive behavior of the younger generation: problems, solutions

The article deals with the problem of the lack of a system of preparing subjects for the organization of psychological and pedagogical prevention of the younger generation in a general education institution, which will ensure the formation and development of a professionally competent personality of an employee of the modern field of education. The concept of addictive behavior of adolescents and the prevention of dependent behavior as a complex system and process, a unified concept and integration of efforts of the psychological and pedagogical community of educational institutions in modern socio-cultural conditions is considered. The problem of education and upbringing of the younger generation is very relevant today. This is due to the physical and psychological insecurity of a person due to the political, economic, and cultural realities of modern society. From these positions, it is the sphere of education, from our point of view, that should become a kind of foundation that guarantees respect for the rights of an individual in the field of his physical and psychological health. The authors studied the attitude of participants in the educational process of the Nizhny Novgorod region (Volga Federal District, Russia): teachers, administrative workers in the field of education, students and their legal representatives to the organization of psychological and pedagogical prevention of dependent behavior of adolescents in a general education institution, and the system of work of specialists in the prevention of dependent behavior of adolescents in a general education institution has been tested. The analysis showed that the key problem areas are: the creation of a system of value orientations of adolescents, the inculcation of generally accepted social norms; the creation of conditions for the prevention of coping strategies of adolescents, the formation of skills of responsible behavior, self-control and problem-solving planning skills; as well as the promotion of a healthy lifestyle among adolescents, which indicated the general need to increase the competence of employees in the indicated aspect. Based on the results of research and analysis of the experience of educational institutions, a system of prevention of dependent behavior of adolescents in a general education institution has been developed and described.

Check Your Presuppositions! A New Kind of Foundationalism in Objectivism

ABSTRACTAyn Rand’s Objectivism holds a foundationalist view of knowledge—that knowledge is hierarchical, with the less basic supported by inference from the more basic, which is known directly. But two very different forms of foundationalism (deductive and presuppositional) are observable in Objectivism, and vestiges of deductivism, which Rand explicitly rejected, can be found in attempts to systematize her philosophy. This article attempts to resolve conflicts between the two approaches. It endorses presuppositional foundationalism and suggests that Rand’s view be modified accordingly.

Фрэнсис Бэкон в полемике с алхимией: философские и общественно-политические аспекты

The paper brings the analysis of the evolution of Bacons’ views on alchemy. The polemics against alchemy has become a central subject of his early writings (1584-1595) on the scientific knowledge. Bacon criticized occult traditions, an integral part of intellectual culture of early modern English establishment. Bacon argued that till his time all serious intellectual efforts of mankind had been directed to futile goals like alchemical transmutations, etc. or endless disputations of natural philosophers; at the same time all the greatest inventions (e.g., nautical needle, gunpowder and printing) had been made only by chance. Bacon believed government should have support of scientific & technological research and suppress alchemical fraud. Doing that a government would gain a most effective tool for increasing its power and wealth. To support his views Bacon launched an intense propaganda campaign that culminated in the series of masques performed at Elizabethan court in 1592-1595. Baconian efforts caused counter actions of the court members who believed in the efficiency of alchemical enterprises. During late 1590’s Bacon revised his attitude towards alchemy as well as towards the government, which was able in his opinion to support the development of sciences. The basis of his views is the ethical-theological concept of the values of scientific knowledge, which excludes previous ideas about the role of government in the development of sciences. Another area of research that changed his assessment of alchemy is the work on the problems of the scientific method. In the light of new political-philosophical, axiological and epistemological concepts, criticism of alchemy loses its former degree of relevance for Bacon. The developments made by Bacon in the 1580s-1590s during the polemic against alchemy become a kind of foundation on which he relies in the further development of his philosophical ideas.

Simulation on Vibration Characteristics of Oil Tank of Flexible DC Transformer with Different Foundation

The transformer vibration and noise under the action of voltage and current is a serious problem to the equipment itself and the environment. In this paper, a newly designed and manufactured flexible DC transformer is considered. To reduce vibration and noise of the transformer through proper installation on the foundation, the vibration characteristics of the oil tank with different foundation designs are analysed. The numerical simulation model of the oil tank with two kinds of foundation is established based on the FEA. The convergence of the numerical model is verified through coarse and fine meshes. The vibration characteristics, including the natural frequencies, the modal shapes, and the harmonic responses, are revealed based on the simulation. The present results can provide a foundation of the vibration noise analysis and vibration reduction optimization of the transformer.

Settlement analysis of shallow strip footing under combined static and cyclic loadings

ABSTRACT Shallow foundations in the vicinity of industrial zones are often subjected to machine induced cyclic loads. One of the key problems associated with these kinds of foundation is the determination of amount of settlement under cyclic load. A close observation of the existing studies reveals lack of studies explaining the influence of depth of embedment and frequency of loading on the cyclic load induced settlement of the foundation. An attempt has been made to fill these voids in this study. In the present study, the soil structure interface is modeled using nonlinear elasto-plastic springs and settlement is observed by varying different parameters like the relative density of soil, embedment ratio, factor of safety, intensity and frequency of cyclic loading. It is found that the settlement becomes negligible after certain number of load cycles, i.e. the critical number of load cycles. An empirical expression is developed to estimate the non-dimensional settlement of the foundation using nonlinear regression. It is found that the static load on the foundation is the most important factor influencing the combined static and cyclic settlement response of the foundation. Also, the ultimate settlement is attained earlier for higher values of frequency of loading.

The Performance of Helical Pile under Cyclic Load Using 3D-Finite Element Analysis

Helical piles are a kind of foundation that can withstand compression, tension, and lateral stresses. However, this kind of pile was utilized extensively globally for almost 25 years. Its behavior, particularly in Iraq, is uncertain and frightening. The current research used the finite element technique to analyze this kind of pile. The helical pile geometry was suggested to be modeled using the finite element method using the computer software Plaxis 3D The soil used is medium sandy soil. Additionally, parametric analyses were conducted. The primary parametric research examines the impact of helix number, helix spacing, helix diameter, and helix configuration under cyclic load. The main results are more helices in a pile, the lower the amplitude of settlement (in the direction of z) compared to a pile without helices. As a result, the amplitude of settlement in the case of two helices decreased by 81.6 %, while the amplitude of settlement in the case of three-helix decreased by 77.74 %. In the case of three helices, the higher spacing between the helices, the lower the value of the amplitude of settlement (in the direction of z). The effect of the number of helices in the hardening soil model is more than the effect of the number of helices in the Mohr-Coulomb. As a final result, increasing the number of helices in a pile has a more significant effect in reducing the amplitude of settlement than increasing the between the helices.

TEACHING ADJECTIVES AT ENGLISH CLASSES

This article discusses the importance and ways of teaching adjectives at the English lessons. Adjectives are one of the most important parts of speech in grammar. By their expressive characteristics, adjectives occupy one of the leading positions among other parts of speech. Written and spoken language become expressive, detailed and informative due to adjectives. The use of various methods and approaches in teaching adjectives in English lessons is a requirement of modern methodology. The communicative technique involves active speaking, working with oral speech with the help of various exercises. The article also offers a number of exercises and games for the development of vocabulary and communicative competence of students when learning adjectives in the English language. These speaking and language tasks are a kind of foundation, the basis for the development of oral speech skills, a means of developing the grammatical side of speech, without which it is impossible to imagine correct oral speech.

Loading transfer mechanism of a piled raft subjected to normal faulting in sand

Although different kinds of foundations have been investigated against an earthquake faulting, the interaction between pile group and dip–slip fault has not yet been fully understood. This paper investigates the interaction between piled raft and normal faulting by means of centrifuge and numerical modelling. In centrifuge test, a piled raft was simulated with a half model for a better observation of fault rupture path under the raft. The loading transfer mechanism was further examined using a three-dimensional finite difference software. The measured and computed results showed that the piled raft displaced and tilted linearly with the magnitude of faulting. The fault rupture bifurcated into two and diverted towards both edges of the raft. Two types of loading transfer mechanism were identified during faulting. Working load transferred from the raft to the underneath piles, and also from the piles on the side of the hanging wall to the piles on the footwall side, resulting in compression failure of the piles on the footwall side.

Experimental Research on the Bearing Properties of Red Mud Geopolymer Foundations

In this study, the mechanical properties of composite foundations in red mud ground were examined, and the reinforcement effect of composite foundation dams with mixed geopolymer piles of fly ash and red mud were determined. The feasibility of red mud geopolymers as pile materials for composite foundations was verified by laboratory and field tests. The static load test of the red mud geopolymer foundation showed that the effective length of the pile body in the red mud foundation is approximately 8 m, and the stress of the soil layer is generally limited within 2 m below the ground surface. The results also showed that the principal load is supported by the pile body, while the bearing capacity of this kind of foundation is mainly provided by the side friction of the pile. The bearing mechanism of the new foundation is similar to that of conventional mixed composite ground. This is of great significance to optimize the red mud geopolymer foundation design and maximize the use of the pile bearing properties. Overall, there is a positive role in promoting the development of red mud dam reinforcement technology.

The Performance of Taper Helical Pile Embedded in Loose Sand Under Uplift Static and Cyclic Load Using 3D-Finite Element Analysis

Piles with helices are a kind of foundation that is capable of withstanding compression, tension, and lateral loads. However, for almost 25 years, this kind of Pile was widely used across the world. Its behaviour is unpredictable and terrifying, especially in Iraq. The present study analysed this kind of Pile using the finite element method. It was recommended that the helical pile geometry be modeled by numerical model technique and the computer program Plaxis 3D. The plaxis 3D software is a well-known geotechnical engineering tool that numerically analyses soil and simulates experimental work in terms of curve matching and outcomes. Furthermore, an analysis of variables was conducted. The primary variable research investigates the influence of the number of helices and the tapered helix distance under static and cyclic load. The final finding is that the more helices in a pile, the smaller the displacement (or amplitude) in comparison to one helix under the effect of uplift static and cyclic load. As a result that the effect of helix number on soil behaviour is more than the effect of changing the distances between helix.

Formation of the penitentiary System of Soviet Ukraine (first half of the 20th century)

The process of organizing and becoming a system of execution of criminal penalties in Soviet Ukraine has been investigated since the Education of the Ukrainian SSR until 1930 - the beginning of the 1950s.; marked the main stages of the development of the state; The main regulatory acts of the structural and organizational activities of the penitentiary system are analyzed. In the 1920s. The Soviet penitentiary system was considered as a composite punitive system of the state and an effective means of combating the «class enemy». At the same time, the system of correctional institutions in Ukraine has not yet been considered as a means of severe punishment in the conditions of isolation from society, and it was also interpreted as an integral part of the condemnation system of convicts in social waste. The system of execution of criminal penalties to which correctional labor camps and general places of detention were determined. Independent subsystems were considered prison institutions (ordinary and investigative prisons), as well as labor colonies for minors and children's educational colonies. It has been established that under the conditions of Stalinism, an extensive network of the criminal executive system was a kind of foundation of totalitarian regime, was in an organic relationship with the administrative command system. The state administration of criminal and executive institutions in the post-war years carried out, and based on the principles of strict control of various departments of the NKVD, NKGB, MJ, Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Study on Seismic Spectrum and Amplification Effect of Soft Soil in Tianjin New Coastal Area

Tianjin new coastal area has a large area of soft soil with high salinity and high humidity. This kind of foundation has unique spectral characteristics and amplification effect on ground motion, which is a deep factor to increase earthquake damage. Based on the geotechnical data of Tianjin new coastal, we established a simplified calculation model and adopted a nonlinear method to study the seismic spectrum and amplification effect of three typical soft soil foundation with different thickness in Tianjin new coastal area, which real earthquake motion EL-Centro seismic wave passing through, that is in order to provide a basis for the seismic design of engineering structures in this area. The results show that: The soft soil foundation in Tianjin new coastal area has an obvious amplification effect on EL-Centro wave within 8HZ, while the seismic wave greater than 8HZ rapidly attenuates after filtering through the soft soil, and the amplitude greatly reduced. After the EL-Centro wave passes through the three types of soft soil, the acceleration, velocity and displacement coefficient are always in the state of amplification. The amplification coefficient is the largest in the muddy soil, followed by the muddy clay and the smallest in the silty clay. The softer the soil, the more obvious the amplification effect will be. Except the displacement amplification coefficient does not change much with the increase of soft soil thickness, the acceleration and velocity coefficients increase gradually with the increase of soft soil thickness, and the amplification effect is obvious after reaching the surface.

Analytical evaluation of frequencies of bidirectional FG thick beams in thermal environment and resting on different foundation

This paper presents a theoretical study of the free vibration of functionally graded beam which has variable material properties along its length and thickness. These properties are also assumed to be temperature-dependent. The beam is supposed to be simply supported and resting on several kinds of foundations. The governing equations are found analytically using a quasi-3D model that contains undetermined integral forms and involves few unknowns to derive. Navier's method is employed to determine and compute the vibration characteristics of bidirectional functionally graded (BDFG) beam on foundation. The accuracy of the present method for BDFG beam with temperature-dependency has been validated. Then the effects of the grading indexes, geometrical properties, temperature-dependent material properties, type of foundations and other parameters on the free vibration of BDFG beam are analyzed and discussed via a detailed parametric study.

ВПЛИВ ДЕМОГРАФІЧНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ НА ЕКОНОМІЧНУ БЕЗПЕКУ СУМСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ

The article analyzes the impact of demographic processes on the economic security of Sumy region. The main characteristics of economic security of the region are highlighted. It is noted that the population of the country is a kind of foundation through which all types of national security, including economic, have their practical application. The following demographic characteristics of the population are analyzed, such as birth rate, death rate, sex and age structure, quantity, migration, which determine the available labor potential of the region and significantly affect the formation of economic security in the region. The negative tendency of reduction of the available population of the region is established. The sex composition of the population is insignificantly, but women predominate. The natural increase in the population of the region is a negative indicator, which indicates a decrease in the population of the region. Negative dynamics is characteristic of the marriage rate. Divorce is growing in the region. All this indicates the decline of the institution of the family, which in turn will affect the birth rate. With regard to migration growth (reduction) in general, it should be noted that this indicator is also negative, so the number of arrivals is less than the number of departures. But the exception is interstate migration, which is characterized by positive dynamics for the region. The region is dominated by the working age population, which is positive for economic security. At the same time, the share of people of retirement age is greater than children. In order to solve demographic problems and improve the economic security of the region, measures should be implemented at the regional level (except national ones) to increase the birth rate, support the development of medical institutions to reduce mortality, which will increase natural population growth. Considerable attention should be paid to the development of the production sphere and the sphere of services in order to reduce migration flows from the region and provide available labor resources with jobs, taking into account the gender and age structure. It is necessary to improve the socio-economic living conditions of the population, which will stimulate the migration flow of the population. These events will contribute to the stable and gradual development of the demographic component of economic security of Sumy region.

METHOD FOR CALCULATING THE STABILITY OF THE WALLS OF A DRILLING WELL WHEN INSTALLING BORED PILES

In this article, the authors aim to consider a fundamentally new methodology for calculating the stability of the walls of a borehole in the manufacture of foundations using bored piles. This kind of foundations is increasingly used in construction practice in connection with the growing and compacting development of not only civil buildings, but also of reconstructed industries. There is a need for a more detailed consideration of external factors (in the area of soil massifs) that affect the stability of the walls of the borehole in the thickness of the soil. According to the authors, the technique establishes a relationship between the geometric parameters of the borehole, which include the depth of the borehole and its constant diameter throughout, and the physical and mechanical characteristics of the soil (specific gravity, angle of internal friction, and deformation modulus) of the construction site. The proposed calculation method allows us to determine at the design stage the need for additional measures to protect the walls of the wells from collapse when installing bored piles. Additional measures include the use of drilling fluids, the use of casing pipes and more. The need for the appointment of these measures entails the emergence of a significant economic component in the final cost of the object. When carrying out design work, modern realities require a detailed justification of the decisions made in order to reduce material consumption and labor intensity, and ultimately the cost of the facilities. According to the results of the work done in the course of the mathematical experiment, the necessary dependence was established by the authors of the article. The borehole will maintain its geometric immutability in the case when the stress in the soil is less than the rigidity of the soil element allocated for the construction of a mathematical experiment.

La diferencia entre mostrar y decir y el problema del significado

En este artículo me interesa considerar la conclusión de Moretti, según la cual hay una disolución del problema de la unidad de la proposición en términos de la noción de interpretación, que parece obviar su solución tradicional basada en relaciones referenciales, pero que, sin embargo, o bien requiere ese tipo de fundamentación, o bien hace lugar a planteamientos trascendentales que la exceden. Coincido mayormente con esta conclusión, pero creo del caso desarrollar algunas consideraciones que me apartan en cierta medida de algunas de las suyas. En particular, me centraré en la distinción ente decir y mostrar, y en la interesante extensión por parte de Moretti de esta distinción, formulada habitualmente para las oraciones, a la situaciones de enunciación. Sostendré, contra lo que él afirma, que la imposibilidad de decir lo que la enunciación muestra es menos radical que la imposibilidad de decir lo que muestra una oración.

Foundations of wind power plants - challenges in designing and execution of construction work

The paper is focused on foundations of wind turbines and challenges in design, execution and long-term maintenance. Some typical solutions are listed: footings (round plates) on natural soil, footings on modified soil (DSM, stone columns, CMC) and deep foundations (piles). The author juxtaposed basic problems that appear in design phase: data acquisition for various kinds of foundations, appropriate calculation model and possibility of on-site verification and possible changes. Problems appearing during execution of works are illustrated with examples of service roads arrangement, earth works (excavations) and soil improvement or piling. The author emphasized the role of quality control including: monitoring of soil conditions and groundwater level at execution stage and impact of earth works – re-profiling of ground level. In final remarks, some recommendations are given for current control of quality (ground parameters, soil improvement, piling) and long-time maintenance – possible problems in foundations related to: time, cyclic loading and changes in the soil related to previous earthworks.

ОТКРЫТИЕ SUBIECTUM КАК ПРИНЦИПА СОЕДИНЕНИЯ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ

The article is devoted to the problem of the unity of science and technology in the semantic and cultural context, which was formed in the 16–17th centuries. This time discovers the concept of subiectum, which indicates the metamorphosis of the human self, a change in values, attitudes of consciousness, giving rise to rationality and the phenomenon of science. It is the subiectum that becomes a kind of foundation under which both the internal and external experience of a person are brought. Experience presupposes, first of all, an activity that can be both mental in nature and manifest itself in acts, deeds, actions. Technology regulates the order of new activity, its sequence, abstractness, measurability, etc. The author believes that the subiectum becomes the source of the unity of science and technology, revealing itself as the will to change the inner self-understanding, activity, the will to instrumentality.

Performance of a pavement foundation system based on the partial compensation of masses method

The system of the partial compensation of masses in the lacustrine zone of the Mexico Basin has been conceptualized, developed, used and improved over the past five decades as a foundation alternative for different types of roadways. This kind of foundation has been used in highways and runways built on lacustrine soils to reduce the settlement that can affect the service and operation conditions of those structures. In the construction of the new Mexico City International Airport in the Texcoco Lake area, various alternatives for runway foundations were evaluated through different test sections that were constructed to identify which of them would yield an adequate transfer of stress and prevent excessive total and differential deformations of the soil deposits. In this work, the behavior of the test section of the system of the partial compensation of masses, built in the Texcoco Lake area, is studied. An exploration campaign was performed; it consisted of different field and laboratory tests to determine the stratigraphic profile and the index and mechanical properties of the soil strata. Numerical models were applied using the finite element software PLAXIS 2D to analyze the behavior of the test section and to determine the maintenance frequency required to preserve the functionality of future runways. To validate the capability of the numerical models to properly simulate the stress-strain behavior of the test section, a comparative analysis was performed between the data obtained from the instrumentation installed on the test section and the results obtained from the finite element software. Once the numerical models were calibrated, the medium- and long-term behaviors of the test section were predicted, and the evolution over time of its surface geometry and transverse slopes were obtained.

基于阻抗函数的土-基础-风机支撑结构地震响应建模方法

A Chebyshev nested lumped-parameter model (LPM) was proposed to incorporate the frequency-dependent impedances into the time history analysis of soil-foundation-wind turbine systems. The complex Chebyshev polynomials were introduced to approximate the foundation impedances with the least squares curve-fitting technique. The computational program for seismic analysis of the system was developed based on the direct integration of the governing equation in the time domain. The validity and efficiency of the computational program were verified through the comparison examples. The time history analysis of a wind turbine supported by a pile group foundation under seismic excitation shows the universality and stability of the computational program. The advantage of the Chebyshev nested LPM is that it can express the frequency-dependent impedance accurately in the time domain and avoid the high-order numerical oscillation. The nested form of the model enables wider application to different kinds of foundations. In addition, as the present model adopts no mass unit, it avoids the problem of modifying the seismic loading at the node of the foundation and makes the analysis of practical engineering more convenient.