Kinds Of Encounters Research Articles

Debunking Choice and Control in Active Support: A Qualitative Analysis of Encounters in Training Videos between Staff and People with Intellectual Disability

The online learning resource ‘Every Moment has Potential’ (2015) aimed to teach direct support professionals about the values underlying active support, especially choice and control. This is unsurprising: these values anchor disability rights activism and policies. However, accompanying videos meant to illustrate choice and control offer a more nuanced story. My qualitative analysis brings in Lori Marso’s concept of freedom in the encounter to theorize four kinds of encounters in active support relationships: encounters that treat people as people; encounters that encourage surprise and spontaneity; encounters of mutual and safe touch; and challenging encounters. I aim to question critically the explicit values alongside the practices of active support. Plus, by using online YouTube videos as analysis, I hope to encourage more creative ways to include people with severe and profound intellectual disabilities in academic work, especially theoretical and philosophical work about intellectual disability.

Whose Body Really Belongs Here? Multispecies Encounters in Outdoor Leisure

Summary This case study considers the ways in which multispecies leisure – in this case horse-riding – opens up different perspectives on the question of whose bodies really belong in outdoor leisure spaces? Vignettes are used to explore the ways in which the presence of the nonhuman participant – the horse – facilitates different kinds of encounters with other users (human and nonhuman), transforming the experience of outdoor leisure. Multispecies leisure provides opportunities to experience outdoor leisure spaces through a different lens which deprioritises human senses and interests and questions the assumed primacy and belongingness of humans in these more-than-human leisure environments. Information © CAB International 2024

Physicians and patients faced with chronic illness

Chronic illness represents a real challenge in terms of overall patient care, but also an opportunity for a different kind of encounter with the patient. Moving away from the paradigm of acute disease, the medical therapeutic approach to chronic illness can be revisited with the aim of both improving the way we listen to the patient and his or her history, and maintaining a lively clinical interest in the face of disorders that are often difficult to treat over the long term. Taking an interest in patients' representations enables us to gain a finer understanding of their clinical situations, while at the same time allowing for more individualized care. Finally, the question of acceptance of illness in the broadest sense, and of a chronic disorder in particular, is a subject that should be discussed with patients.

Runaway and Hypervelocity Stars from Compact Object Encounters in Globular Clusters

The dense environments in the cores of globular clusters (GCs) facilitate many strong dynamical encounters among stellar objects. These encounters have been shown to be capable of ejecting stars from the host GC, whereupon they become runaway stars, or hypervelocity stars (HVSs) if unbound to the galactic potential. We study high-speed stellar ejecta originating from GCs by using Monte Carlo N-body models, in particular focusing on binary–single encounters involving compact objects. We pair our model-discriminated populations with observational catalogs of Milky Way GCs (MWGCs) to compose a present-day Galactic population of stellar ejecta. We find that these kinds of encounters can accelerate stars to velocities in excess of 2000 km s−1, to speeds beyond the previously predicted limits for ejecta from star-only encounters and in the same regime of Galactic center ejections. However, the same ejections can only account for 1.5%–20% of the total population of stellar runaways, and only 0.0001%–1% of HVS, with similar relative rates found for runaway white dwarfs. We also provide credible regions for ejecta from 149 MWGCs, which we hope will be useful as supplementary evidence when pairing runaway stars with origin GCs.

Close encounters of three kinds: impacts of leg, wing and body collisions on flight performance in carpenter bees.

Flying insects often forage among cluttered vegetation that forms a series of obstacles in their flight path. Recent studies have focused on behaviors needed to navigate clutter while avoiding all physical contact and, as a result, we know little about flight behaviors that do involve encounters with obstacles. Here, we challenged carpenter bees (Xylocopa varipuncta) to fly through narrow gaps in an obstacle course to determine the kinds of obstacle encounters they experience, as well as the consequences for flight performance. We observed three kinds of encounters: leg, body and wing collisions. Wing collisions occurred most frequently (in about 40% of flights, up to 25 times per flight) but these had little effect on flight speed or body orientation. In contrast, body and leg collisions, which each occurred in about 20% of flights (1-2 times per flight), resulted in decreased flight speeds and increased rates of body rotation (yaw). Wing and body collisions, but not leg collisions, were more likely to occur in wind versus still air. Thus, physical encounters with obstacles may be a frequent occurrence for insects flying in some environments, and the immediate effects of these encounters on flight performance depend on the body part involved.

The Etiquette of Equality

The Etiquette of Equality

Paradise Lost: Encounters with Australia’s Extinct Parrot

The paradise parrot is mainland Australia’s only bird to have become extinct since white settlement. First named by British ornithologists in 1844, the bird has not been seen since 1927, its population declining rapidly due to changes in land-use. This creative-critical article investigates the history of the bird alongside personal encounters with six paradise parrot skins found in the storerooms of three UK museums, questioning whether the presence of such bodies negates our sense of total absence. It looks at changing taxidermy practices, and ongoing curatorial work to protect specimens from decay, refuting Donna Haraway’s notion that taxidermy animals have ‘transcended mortal life, and hold their poses forever.’ This enquiry examines what kind of encounter is generated between the viewer and taxidermy animal, and how this might enable us to bear witness to species loss during an age of mass extinction.

Emplacing Some, Displacing Others: Ethnic Minority Enterprises as Critical Urban Infrastructure in Lodge Lane, Liverpool

Drawing on ethnographic research on Lodge Lane, the main commercial street within Toxteth (Liverpool), this paper reveals how fundamental ethnic minority enterprises (EMEs) have been to the regeneration of this marginalized area due to public disinvestment. Acting as critical infrastructure, they have transformed the materiality of the locale, and by extension, they have afforded new kinds of encounter and convivialities. Ultimately, EMEs appear to have a critical emplacing and displacing power, which involves urban inhabitants in a differential way over time, depending on their positionality toward the material and discursive aspects of place.

Reconfiguring the everyday: plastic waste as performance art in addressing the incongruity between the ‘talk’ and the ‘walk’ in the plastic crisis

Despite the attention drawn to the plastic crisis by the media and environmental campaigns, much of the practice around single-use plastic has remained unchanged. It appears that, although many know the correct position to assume regarding the issue, the ‘talk’ does not necessarily translate into action. This incongruity can be explained with reference to Heidegger’s theory on the everydayness of discourse which suggests that a lack of authenticity underlies our everyday interactions and that what is needed is a different kind of encounter with the world. In the light of this we consider Ranciere’s theory on the potential of a political artwork to disrupt the everyday and prompt a different response. Within the framework of these theories, this paper discusses a performance artwork protesting plastic pollution – namely 12 Plastic Monsters by Luke Rudman - as an alternative strategy to prompt a fresh engagement with the issue.

Fixing to die: Kazuo Ishiguro’s reinvention of the Bildungsroman

ABSTRACT The Bildungsroman could be described as a ‘future-facing' genre, in that its protagonist is exposed to the vicissitudes of life, gains experience, and comes of age; he or she, in other words, learns how to live. The horizon of such stories, beyond just the events being depicted, is the individual's life to come. In this paper, by contrast, I argue that a significant part of the coming-of-age process is the subject's confrontation with mortality. This kind of encounter is crucial to Martin Heidegger's philosophy, wherein he suggests that an authentic self can only be discovered via a confrontation with one's own finitude. In similar fashion, to leave one's childhood behind, in the classic Bildungsroman denouement, can be seen in this Heideggerian light as a coming to terms with the end of life. This complex interplay between maturity and mortality is starkly evident in Kazuo Ishiguro’s 2005 novel, Never Let Me Go. Whilst it is frequently read as science fiction because of its concern with the ethics of cloning and organ harvesting, I consider it instead as an inverted Bildungsroman. Rather than a passage to adulthood and future life, the protagonist must come to terms with certain death; rather than learning how to live, she (and her fellow clones) must instead learn how to die. This essay shows how Ishiguro attests to the continued pertinence of the Bildungsroman form, even as he seeks to update it in the face of technological change.

Identifying multi-channel value co-creator groups in the banking industry

The purpose of this paper is providing a value co-creation management framework in the banking industry using the data analysis. Moreover, a multi-channel segmentation approach will be developed in order to identify customer segments based on the use of each channel. Managing value co-creation can be defined as determining the channel that may be used by the customer and the kinds of encounters that lie in these channels to have different impacts on the customer for various types of encounters. The model is built on the basis of the related literature and the collaboration of a Customer Relationship Manager in a large bank in Iran. Then, a multi-channel segmentation model is developed based on the RFM variables of the five banking channels for each customer. Next, about 11,000 customers of the bank is segmented by comparing the k-means and DBSCAN algorithms. Finally, by adapting customer segments on the value co-creation framework, three general groups are identified based on the type of encounter that lies in each channel. Moreover, twenty-seven small groups are recognized based on the desirability of the customer use of the channels.

“Talk to me, not at me”: obese women’s experiences of birth and their encounter with birth attendants—a qualitative study

ABSTRACT Purpose: To explore the birth experiences of obese women in regard to their encounter with birth attendants. Methods: Qualitative, in-depth interviews with 10 women were conducted in February 2020. Data were analysed using a descriptive phenomenological method. Results: Four interrelated constituents were identified: The preconception and prejudice of being unhealthy and less able; Being unique among all the other unique women; “Talk to me, not at me”—the importance of information and communication, and; Feeling secure enough to be in the 'birthing bubble'. Conclusion: For the women in our study, being obese meant experiencing challenges as well as opportunities during childbirth and in their encounter with birth attendants. Experiences of preconceptions, alienation, a focus on risk and a loss of autonomy in encounters with birth attendants were found to negatively impact the birthing process. The women desired affirmative and inclusive encounters; these kinds of encounters may improve the birth experiences of obese women.

THE INTEGRATED MAN AS A PRECONDITION OF HONEST BUSINESS

This paper is an attempt to depict the main preconditions of business, and honest business in particular. The author claims that in a free-market economy business is a kind of encounter between people. If such an encounter is to be effective, there must be provided some legal conditions and the human being must be integrated. By integration it is meant here a coalescence of the intellectual and moral dimensions. Thus, business is not only an economic phenomenon, but it is also humanistic and spiritual. If a dishonest person decides to do business, he will ruin all the contracts involved. Therefore contrary to what some authors claim, especially those who naively believe in the sufficient power of formal procedures, the paper holds that any person must be both intellectually and spiritually prepared for economic activity.

Creating a Market Where There Is None: Spatial Practices of Street Vendors in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

AbstractAlthough practices of mobile street vendors might appear fleeting, they are not transient and without effect on the urban landscape. The spatial practices of street vending transform public spaces into markets by inscribing the vendors’ knowledge necessary to conduct business in the urban landscape. With reference to ethnographic material on mobile street vendors in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, I will show how street traders learned to locate the relevant social, material, and symbolic goods and people at specific nodes in the spatiotemporal dynamic of the city and jointly created an understanding of the relations of these elements to one another and to themselves. By means of a shared jargon vocabulary with which they named places, customer groups, or kinds of encounters, the vendors inscribed their experiential knowledge into urban space and thus transformed it into a market as an epistemic landscape, a layer of meaning and knowledge that spanned the spatiotemporal topography of the city and allowed the vendors to organize their practices. The concept of the epistemic landscape refers to the structuring potential of recursive spatial practices and emphasizes the socially and culturally creative potential of street vending. [Africa; Tanzania; Urban Economy; Informal Economy; Street Vending; Temporality; Practice; Space; Knowledge; Landscape]

DIFFERENCES IN LEARNING OUTCOMES FOR THE ONLINE AND F2F VERSIONS OF “AN INTRODUCTION TO SHAKESPEARE”

The same course in both an online and on-campus environment makes for an extended experimental comparison of learning outcomes, while controlling for two important variables: the instructor and the content of the course Students learn course content through four kinds of encounters—alone, one-to-one, one-to many, and many-to many.The online version of “Introduction to Shakespeare” course has consistently better learning outcomes than the on-campus version, as a result of the compelling nature of the one-to-one communication mode online and the textual nature of the many-to-many and one-to-many modes online. Text-based communication in the online class reinforces the skills pertinent to a literature class. Other crucial factors are online pedagogy and the self-selection. Ultimately, the differences between the online and F2F classrooms may be less crucial to learning outcomes than the degree to which the course design, regardless of technological environment, develops and supports students’ abilities to practice adult learning styles.

Enduring Encounters: Reflections on the Literary Works of Évelyne Trouillot

Enduring Encounters: Reflections on the Literary Works of Évelyne Trouillot Annette K. Joseph-Gabriel (bio) Évelyne Trouillot undoubtedly occupies a prominent place in the landscape of Haitian letters. As a novelist, playwright, essayist, author of short stories and children’s books, and a meticulous researcher of Haitian history, her broad range of texts in French and Creole have resonated with readers across the Caribbean and Europe. Her work has been recognized by a slew of prestigious literary awards including the 2004 Prix Soroptimist de la romancière francophone awarded in Grenoble for her novel Rosalie L’infâme, the 2005 Prix Beaumarchais for her play Le Bleu de l’île, and the 2010 Prix Carbet de la Caraïbe et du Tout-Monde for her novel La Mémoire aux abois.1 For North American readers, access to Trouillot’s work has been a more recent phenomenon with the translated novels The Infamous Rosalie and Memory at Bay in 2013 and 2015, respectively.2 It is through translation that Anglophone audiences come to Trouillot’s work and decipher her texts’ dramatization of encounters between past and present, and across racial and class divides in Haiti. But why a special issue on Évelyne Trouillot? And why now? The forthcoming publication of Trouillot’s newest novel, Desirée Congo, presents a unique opportunity to look back at her monumental contribution to Caribbean and African diaspora literature, and to look forward to a new addition to her already expansive body of work.3 There is value in this simultaneous casting back and gazing ahead, perhaps best articulated by the fictional character Charlotte as she confides in her granddaughter Lisette in Rosalie l’infâme: “Un jour, je te le promets, je te parlerai de ces barracoons, un jour où tu auras besoin d’ailes pour te porter au-delà du moment présent. Un jour, où ton besoin sera plus fort que [End Page v] ma peur de retourner là-bas, dans ma mémoire. Pas aujourd’hui.” (“One day, I promise you, I’ll tell you about the barracoons; one day, when you’ll need wings to carry yourself beyond the present moment. One day, when your need will be greater than my fear of going back there in my memory. But not today.”)4 In these image-rich sentences that are characteristic of Trouillot’s literary prowess, Charlotte simultaneously weaves between the past, present, and future tenses as she evokes her painful memories of the barracoon and imagines a day to come when her granddaughter’s marronage will be fueled by a more complete understanding of her past. Charlotte’s reflections on intertwined pasts and presents that lead to revolutionary futures resonate throughout the novel and across Trouillot’s writings. They also resonate beyond Trouillot’s oeuvre and find echoes in the recent posthumous publication of Zora Neale Hurston’s Barracoon: The Story of the Last “Black Cargo” in which Cudjo Lewis, a survivor of the last-known slave ship to transport Africans to the Americas, recounts his memories of the barracoons, the Middle Passage, and his life in slavery.5 Where Trouillot’s character Lisette is the eager listener prodding grandmother Charlotte for the story of their collective origins, Hurston is the anthropologist and folklorist crafting an origin narrative of her own through her interviews with Lewis. This simultaneous casting back and looking forward is the first kind of encounter that the contributions to this issue explore. These abridged engagements ask, What does it mean to write the past, to render it legible in the present? Renée Larrier and Marjorie Salvodon explore this question through their recollections of two key moments in the recent past. For Larrier, it is her first encounter with Trouillot’s work. Using the knotted cord that appears as a central symbol in Rosalie l’infâme—that first novel that Larrier held in her hands in a Parisian bookstore years ago—this essay examines ties between past and present with a focus on Haitian women’s history. It also translates Rosalie l’infâme from Saint-Domingue to the United States South. Salvodon’s reflections take us away from the history of slavery to...

Knowing Mary Wroth's Pamphilia

This essay uses Mary Wroth's poetic representation of the female body to explore the material intersections of early modern literature and science. Reading Wroth's poetry (Folger manuscript V.a.104) alongside representational practices employed by Renaissance anatomists, this essay argues that Wroth uses the materiality of her poetic pages to critique and respond to violent treatment of the female body in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century English lyric conventions. Wroth's poetry is centrally concerned with how to represent, and thereby know, the female body on the poetic page. Consequently, readings of Wroth's manuscript need to account for how poetry and page work together to facilitate the reader's knowledge of Pamphilia. By drawing on early anatomical methods for translating fleshly body to flat page, this essay shows how Wroth's innovative use of the poetic page results in a new kind of encounter among writing, reading, and textual bodies. More broadly, this essay raises questions about how the material practices of Renaissance anatomical culture transformed relations between body and page.

Mobility, cohabitation and cultural exchange in the lodging houses of early modern Venice

ABSTRACTThis article examines the thriving lodging house sector in early modern Venice, arguing that such spaces of temporary accommodation offer a valuable key to understanding how mobility and migration shaped the daily lived experience of the city. Lodging houses were important both to the many Venetian residents who profited from renting out rooms, and to the people who stayed in them, and found there companionship, conversation and access to social and professional networks. Considering the kinds of encounters, conflicts and exchanges that unfolded in these shared spaces, the article offers new insight into the functioning of a pre-modern multicultural metropolis.

Radical children, radical fictions: terror and extremism in Sam Mills’s Blackout and Malorie Blackman’s Noble Conflict

This article discusses the binding together of the terrorist’s and the victim’s perspectives in Sam Mills’s Blackout and Malorie Blackman’s Noble Conflict. In staging this kind of encounter, the contemporary children’s novel can explore the origins and workings of terrorist organisations, as well as counter-terrorist institutions, encouraging young readers to enter into critical engagement with different forms of violence that are connected with resistance to oppression and injustice. The terror-saturated dystopian visions fashioned by this generation of children’s writers are read as allowing them to raise crucial questions about the rightness of waging war on an abstract concept of ‘terror’ that exists forever in potential and about the justification of the state’s recourse to counter-terrorism legislation that seeks to criminalise not just terroristic practices but also radical thought. The article is shaped by postcolonial and ethical approaches to narrative and readings drawn Michel Foucault and Judith Butler.

Research watch: men’s social inclusion and suicide prevention

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore recent research on reducing suicide, especially in men, who are often seen as excluding themselves from needing support, or they are excluded because people think they do not want it.Design/methodology/approachA search was carried out for recent papers on suicide prevention in men.FindingsOne study of 75 regions of Europe reported a link between higher value on giving social support and lower suicide rates, especially for men. Another study reported on the fall in a previously high suicide rate, especially in men, in Quebec province in Canada. A programme of suicide prevention may have contributed to this reduction. Finally, a small interview study reported on how certain kinds of encounters with professionals can inspire hope to carry on after a suicide attempt.Originality/valueThe two papers looking at regions (across Europe and one province of Canada) suggest how social forces may contribute to reducing suicide, especially in men. The Canadian study suggests the possibility that suicide might be reduced partly by enabling help-seeking in men to be seen as a positive aspect of masculine identity, rather than seeing masculinity as excluding men from support. The small qualitative study illustrates vividly how individual encounters after a suicide attempt might promote hopefulness and are relevant to both sexes.