Kind Of Duality Research Articles

Duality of the SVIL expression in bladder cancer and its correlation with immune infiltration

SVIL is a member of the villin/gelsolin superfamily and is responsible for encoding supervillin. It has been reported to be closely related to the occurrence and development of various tumors. However, the mechanism of SVIL in bladder cancer has not been reported yet. In this research, we evaluated the relationship between SVIL expression and bladder cancer in public dataset and examined the expression of SVIL in bladder cancer cell lines, tissue microarrays and patients in our cohort. Our work determined that the expression of SVIL in bladder cancer tissue was significantly lower than that in normal tissue. However, in bladder cancer tissues, the high expression of SVIL is significantly associated with poor prognosis. This kind of duality is very novel and has great research value. The expression level of SVIL can well predict the survival time of bladder cancer patients, and is an independent risk factor of bladder cancer patients. The expression of SVIL is also closely related to the immune tumor microenvironment of bladder cancer. Our research provides a basis for personalized therapeutic targets for bladder cancer.

The Concept of Genetic Information and Historical Epistemology

The information concept in molecular biology and genetics has a duality inherent in any canon: on the one hand, now it looks universal, and it is difficult to think of transcending this discourse; on the other hand, historians of science show that one's emergence is culturally contingent and is associated with the “informatization” of science and society during WWII and the Cold War. This kind of duality is analyzed by historical epistemology (critical presentism), trying to understand science, on the one hand, as rational (truth is universal), on the other, as contingent (other possible worlds of scientific knowledge are conceivable). In this article, using the concept of genetic information as an example, it is shown how the first goal of historical epistemology is achieved by criticizing the science of the past with the help of modern science and philosophy of science. The second goal is achieved by criticizing modern science from the point of view of past science. Namely, the rapid rise of the concept of information in biology in the middle of the 20th century and the fast transition from quantitative mathematical information theory to information-linguistic metaphors can be rationally understood within the framework of the teleosemantic concept of information developed in the modern philosophy of biology. On the other hand, delving into the past of biology, we find all the more radical alternatives to the information concept and informational and linguistic metaphors: from the mathematical theory of information to the “chemical” concept of “absolute” specificity as stereospecificity to the “physical” concept of relative specificity as a consequence of collective effects. This historical perspective makes it possible to discern feasible alternatives to the information concept in modern biology.

Russia — France relations under President Emmanuel Macron: Achievements and inconsistencies

This article examines the state and prospects of Russia-France relations on the basis of preliminary results of Emmanuel Macron’s presidency. The author assumes that the dialogue between these two countries has traditionally been characterized by a certain duality, where close cooperation in various spheres did not exclude mutual contradictions. The analysis of the main examples from bilateral relations in 2017–2021 shows that this feature is still observed at present. On the one hand, cooperation between Moscow and Paris clearly has experienced a revival after the last years of François Hollande’s term, as expresses in constant meetings at the highest level and the restart of ministerial contacts. The French government demonstrates its readiness to discuss a wide range of topics, including European security, strategic stability, conflict resolution in Ukraine and the Middle East, and development of economic and cultural ties. On the other hand, under Macron the list of issues on which both countries hold different positions has continued to grow. Paris negatively perceives the spread of the Kremlin’s international influence; emphasizes the difference in basic values; disagrees with Moscow on priorities of further settlement of regional conflicts, Internet, and space governance; openly criticizes the Russian presence in Africa; and supports Western allies in several political affairs. This kind of duality will likely continue after the 2022 presidential elections in the Fifth Republic, because each of the potential winners, while trying to continue bilateral cooperation, will inevitably have to take into account obligations within the Euro-Atlantic community. At the same time, with the beginning of Russia’s special operation in Ukraine in February 2022, French diplomacy is expected to make focus on toughness rather than dialogue.

Duality for a class of continuous-time reversible Markov models

ABSTRACT Using a conditional probability structure we build transition probabilities that drive appealing classes of reversible Markov processes. The mechanism used in such a construction allows to find a dual Markov process. This kind of duality is then used to compute the predictor operator of one process via its dual. In particular, we identify the dual of some non-conjugate models, namely the queue model and a simple birth, death and immigration process. Such duals ensure that the computation of the predictor operators can be done via finite sums.

Doubles in a Science Fiction Screenplay and Film: Alexander Payne's Downsizing as a Case Study in Doubling and Duality

Doubles in a Science Fiction Screenplay and Film:Alexander Payne's Downsizing as a Case Study in Doubling and Duality Laura L. Beadling (bio) Introduction Doubles have long been a fascination for all forms of cultural representations, from novels and poetry to films and graphic novels. From Dostoevsky's novella The Double to Anne Sexton's poem "The Other" on the high side and films like Multiplicity (1996) and Dave (1993) on the low side, doubles and doppelgangers are everywhere in art. As Gordon E. Slethaug notes, "[t]he roots of the tradition of the double are very deep indeed and go back to the first written records, and perhaps even earlier" (100), managing to be both "very ancient" and a "very contemporary phenomenon" (106). Doubles are also a subject that appears in many genres, although some genres may be more amenable to the theme than others. Certainly psychological thrillers like Vertigo (1958), Dead Ringers (1988), and Black Swan (2010), to name only a few, show how easily the idea of doppelgangers and doubles can be woven into that genre. Likewise, science fiction has a long and rich history of using doubles and duality as subject and theme. This appears in some of the earliest work in the genre, like Frankenstein—of which Aija Ozolins notes that the "motif of a second self-constitutes the chief source of the novel's latent power" (104)—and in classic novels that are still being revisited in various media like Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, which [End Page 53] has recently been made into several movie adaptations, graphic novels, young adult retellings, and video games. In particular, science fiction literature and especially film has a rich tradition of doubling in terms of size. Consider Gulliver's Travels and Alice's Adventures in Wonderland in literature and The Incredible Shrinking Man (1957), The Fantastic Voyage (1966), Fantastic Planet (1973), Innerspace (1987), Honey, I Shrunk the Kids (1989), and Ant-Man (2015) in film. J. P. Telotte analyzes Forbidden Planet (1956) not only because it uses duality and doubles extensively but also because it demonstrates "more generally" the issue of doubling "as it surfaces throughout our science fiction films." As a film full of various kinds of duality and doubles, Telotte argues, Forbidden Planet can be read as a commentary on the use of this trope in much of science fiction and, in particular, the "double vision" of the simultaneous lure and threat of technology (26). This is also clearly seen in Alexander Payne's Downsizing (2017), in which the scientific process of downsizing is proposed as a solution for resource depletion and overpopulation but also causes its own woes (as is customary for any new technology in a science fiction film). Frank Dietz notes that many scholars identify psychology as the best tool for analyzing doppelgängers and doubles in literature and film, and that approach generally sees doubles as "a projection of repressed aspects of the psyche." Dietz goes on to argue that this critical lens is "insufficient for the field of science fiction" because the genre is founded on a presumption that science can create narrative worlds in which "the existence of doubles is literal fact" (210). Thus, psychology loses its explanatory hold on the trope of doubling and duality in this generic context. Alexander Payne's screenplay (written with his longtime writing partner Jim Taylor) and film Downsizing (2017) takes advantage of this presumption by depicting a scientific breakthrough that allows people to shrink themselves to one-fifth their original size. This in turn creates a mirrored set of societies, big and little. In addition, it is this same breakthrough that allows a tribe of shrunken humans to survive a global environmental disaster that makes life on the surface of the planet untenable, although this storyline is much more developed in the screenplay version than in the theatrical release of the film. Two doubles are of particular interest: the doubled societies of the big and the little, [End Page 54] which is included in both film and screenplay, and—in the screenplay only—the doubles between the present-day main characters and the legendary figures of the future tribe of smalls...

Maximization of a PSD quadratic form and factorization

We consider the problem of maximization of a convex quadratic form on a convex polyhedral set, which is known to be NP-hard. In particular, we focus on upper bounds on the maximum value. We investigate utilization of different vector norms (estimating the Euclidean one) and different objective matrix factorizations. We arrive at some kind of duality with positive duality gap in general, but with possibly tight bounds. We discuss theoretical properties of these bounds and also extensions to generally preconditioned factors. We employ mainly the maximum vector norm since it yields efficiently computable bounds, however, we study other norms, too. Eventually, we leave many challenging open problems that arose during the research.

THE ARTIST BETWEEN APOLLONIAN AND DIONYSIAN PRINCIPLE - THOMAS MANN’S DEATH IN VENICE (Umjetnik između apolinijskog i dionizijskog principa – Smrt u Veneciji Tomasa Mana)

The intention of this work is to examine the profile of Mann’s protagonist as one of the typical literary representations of artist, from the aspect of Nietzsche’s concept of Appollonian and Dionysian taking closer look at complex relation of motives of love, beauty and death within the life that is inseparable from an artistic existence. Gustav von Aschenbach, a writer of firm will, rationality and conscious principles, on his final journey to Venice, transcends borders and does something like an ancient hubris, yielding to Dionysian intoxication and seduction. This kind of duality within his character is the starting point for our interpretation. The analysis intents to show how the encounter with a Polish boy affects Aschenbach’s life and art, how the writer reacts in contact with beauty, and how this causes the release of his true Dionysian nature. The Venetian chronotope and unusual carnival atmosphere also influence changes in Ashenbach’s behavior, so that in a different environment, which activates the Dionysian element of his being, his character is necessarily transformed. Aschenbach’s art, as ambivalent as his life, exists between the Apollinian and Dionysian elements that constantly condition and supplement each other. Keywords: Thomas Mann, Nietzsche, Apollinian, Dionysian, art, beauty, death, Venice.

A New Method in Attribution? Attempts of the Employment of Geometric Morphometrics in the Attribution of Late Archaic Attic Lekythoi

In the Late Archaic - Early Classic period, the Attic ceramic industry was characterized by a kind of duality. On the one hand, the red-figure technique was flourishing, when Euphronios’, Douris’ or the Berlin Painter’s works represented the height of Greek vase painting. On the other hand, the market was also covered by large quantities of low-quality black-figure pottery. Not only in Athens, but even in the whole Ancient Mediterranean these mass-produced vessels emerge constantly, even from modern excavations. Therefore, in contrast to most vases of more talented painters they can be attached to an archaeological feature or layer. Due to their inadequate style, relatively few characteristics can be determined while looking at the painting. Thus, the manufacturing criteria, such as the details of the shapes, are more important in the attribution. In this paper, I study the late black-figure lekythoi of the Museum of Fine Arts in Budapest with the help of geometric morphometrics using 3D reconstructions.

Branching random walks and their applications for epidemic modeling

Branching processes are widely used to model the viral epidemic evolution. For more adequate investigation of viral epidemic modeling, we suggest to apply branching processes with transport of particles usually called branching random walks (BRWs). This allows to investigate not only the number of particles (infected individuals), but also their spatial spread. We consider two models of continuous-time BRWs on a multidimensional lattice in which the transport of infected individuals is described by a symmetric random walk on a multidimensional lattice whereas the processes of birth and death of infected individuals are represented by a continuous-time Bienayme–Galton–Watson processes at the lattice points (branching sources). A special attention is paid to the properties of branching random walks with one branching source on the lattice and finitely or infinitely many initial particles. We show that there exists a kind of duality between the branching random walk with a finite number of initial particles and the branching random walk with an infinite number of initial particles, which is associated with the possibility of their twofold description. The fact of duality is useful from the biological point of view. Each of the models can be considered taking into account the vaccination process. We suppose the vaccination to be a proportion of immune individuals in the population, who are resistant to disease. For simplicity, in all our BRW models, we assume that the vaccination process does not depend on time, what allows to investigate spatial properties of viral evolution.

New Reflections on Gravitational Duality

In general terms duality consists of two descriptions of one physical system by using degrees of freedom of different nature. There are different kinds of dualities and they have been extremely useful to uncover the underlying strong coupling dynamics of gauge theories in various dimensions and those of the diverse string theories. Perhaps the oldest example exhibiting this property is Maxwell theory, which interchanges electric and magnetic fields. An extension of this duality involving the sources is also possible if the magnetic monopole is incorporated. At the present time a lot has been understood about duality in non-Abelian gauge theories as in the case of N=4 supersymmetric gauge theories in four dimensions or in the Seiberg-Witten duality for N=2 theories. Moreover, a duality that relates a gravitational theory (or a string theory) and a conformal gauge theory, as in the case of gauge/gravity correspondence, have been also studied with considerable detail. The case of duality between two gravitational theories is the so called gravitational duality. At the present time, this duality has not been exhaustively studied, however some advances have been reported in the literature. In the present paper we give a general overview of this subject. In particular we will focus on non-Abelian dualities, applied to various theories of gravity as developed by the authors, based in the Rocek-Verlinde duality procedure. Finally, as a new development in this direction, we study the gravitational duality in Hitchin's gravity in seven and six dimensions and their relation is also discussed.

SPORTS AND EMBODIMENT

The theory of embodied cognition implies that cognitive processes depend fundamentally on the physical characteristics of the subject’s body. If this is true, physical aspects of an individual play a significant role in its cognitive process, and because of that, the theory rivals with all perspectives that defend any kind of duality, separating body from mind, such as the Cartesian thesis. This article presents the embodiment thesis, its main ideas, and provides examples within sports that support its validity. To do so, ideas from contemporary authors of various fields are presented and used to understand certain realities and situations that have gained importance in today’s world, one in which sports has become one of the most significant manifestations of human culture. Concepts like “cognitive delegates”, “a-rational” performances and the two-system cognitive hypothesis will be introduced to illustrate the relevance of the embodiment thesis in relation to all human activity.

Duality in an asset exchange model for wealth distribution

Asset exchange models are agent-based economic models with binary transactions. Previous investigations have augmented these models with mechanisms for wealth redistribution, quantified by a parameter χ, and for trading bias favoring wealthier agents, quantified by a parameter ζ. By deriving and analyzing a Fokker–Planck equation for a particular asset exchange model thus augmented, it has been shown that it exhibits a second-order phase transition at ζ∕χ=1, between regimes with and without partial wealth condensation. In the “subcritical” regime with ζ∕χ<1, all of the wealth is classically distributed; in the “supercritical” regime with ζ∕χ>1, a fraction 1−χ∕ζ of the wealth is condensed. Intuitively, one may associate the supercritical, wealth-condensed regime as reflecting the presence of “oligarchy,” by which we mean that an infinitesimal fraction of the total agents hold a finite fraction of the total wealth in the continuum limit.In this paper, we further elucidate the phase behavior of this model – and hence of the generalized solutions of the Fokker–Planck equation that describes it – by demonstrating the existence of a remarkable symmetry between its supercritical and subcritical regimes in the steady-state. Noting that the replacement {ζ→χ,χ→ζ}, which clearly has the effect of inverting the order parameter ζ∕χ, provides a one-to-one correspondence between the subcritical and supercritical states, we demonstrate that the wealth distribution of the subcritical state is identical to that of the corresponding supercritical state when the oligarchy is removed from the latter. We demonstrate this result analytically, both from the microscopic agent-level model and from its macroscopic Fokker–Planck description, as well as numerically. We argue that this symmetry is a kind of duality, analogous to the famous Kramers–Wannier duality between the subcritical and supercritical states of the Ising model, and to the Maldacena duality that underlies AdS/CFT theory.

Between Science and Supernaturalism: Mimesis and the Uncanny in Nineteenth-Century Theatre and Culture

Curiously placed between the realms of science and supernaturalism, the phenomenon of the uncanny double has a distinctive presence in both. Another kind of duality is at issue in the imagined presence of the doppelganger, as a figure in both physical and mental life. While the phenomenon of the Brocken spectre is one of the era’s most resonant manifestations of an uncanny mirroring of the body, later nineteenth-century developments in clinical psychology began to focus on the sense of an alien presence residing in unknown reaches of the human brain. As they did so, these clinical experiments involved an engagement with the interweave of mental and physiological expression. In Nicholas Royle’s words, the uncanny is associated with ‘a flickering sense (but not conviction) of something supernatural’. Somewhere between the conviction afforded by cognitive processes and the flickering sense intimated by the live wiring of the nervous system, new dimensions of reading and interpretation were opened up. My concern here is to explore how the overlay of scientific and supernaturalist frames is managed in some of the more influential literary and dramatic portrayals of uncanny mimesis. These include evocations of the doppelganger in works by Thomas De Quincey, James Hogg, and Walter Scott, and in Henry Irving’s theatrical productions. Irving’s interest in the double consciousness of the actor is discussed in relation to psychological theories of dual consciousness, and their exploration in clinical practice with patients diagnosed as hysteric.

Historical Potential of Newsreel and Its Interpretation

What is a newsreel and how it relates to historical events? When watching the newsreel film footage, it is important to understand it and evaluate. It is necessary to have a specific pre-knowledge and pre-understanding of the subject. We have the right mind to correlate on-screen images with historical events. But newsreels never plays them fully, since they do not give a comprehensive picture of what have happened. Actually, newsreels are largely symbolic, and they also facilitate formation of historical memory. At the same time, to fully understand the historical newsreels one has to use the knowledge about the same events from other sources. When viewing pictures of the past, its vital to take into consideration the author's initial message predestinated for the according audience. This raises the question of the interpretation of the seen today, affected by certain mental filters of the actual audience. It especially tells on secondary use of historical newsreels today in a new documentary. Symbolism in newsreel arises through the symbolism of the ritual demonstrated on the screen. Does the ritualistic imagery bear any esthetical quality? There is a kind of duality: either we see a certain beauty of the ritual, or we look at what is happening only in the informational way. The novelty of the article is determined by its theoretical approach to understanding of the artistic and historical qualities of the newsreel, helpful for researchers and practitioners working in film archives.

Gravito-magnetic monopoles in traversable wormholes from WIMT

Abstract Using Weitzenbock Induced Matter Theory (WIMT), we study Schwarzschild wormholes performing different foliations on an extended (non-vacuum) 5D manifold. We explore the geodesic equations for observers which are in the interior of a traversable wormhole and how these observers can detect gravito-magnetic monopoles which are dual to gravito-electric sources observed in the outer zone of some Schwarzschild Black-Hole (BH). The densities of these monopoles are calculated and quantized in the Dirac sense. This kind of duality on the extended Einstein–Maxwell equations, relates electric and magnetic charges on causally disconnected space regions.

Duality and ‘particle’ democracy

Weak/strong duality is usually accompanied by what seems a puzzling ontological feature: the fact that under this kind of duality what is viewed as ‘elementary’ in one description gets mapped to what is viewed as ‘composite’ in the dual description. This paper investigates the meaning of this apparent ‘particle democracy’, as it has been called, by adopting an historical approach. The aim is to clarify the nature of the correspondence between ‘dual particles’ in the light of a historical analysis of the developments of the idea of weak/strong duality, starting with Dirac׳s electric-magnetic duality and its successive generalizations in the context of (Abelian and non-Abelian) field theory, to arrive at its first extension to string theory. This analysis is then used as evidential basis for discussing the ‘elementary/composite’ divide and, after taking another historical detour by analyzing an instructive analogy case (DHS duality and related nuclear democracy), drawing some conclusions on the particle-democracy issue.

Two-parameter entropies, [formula omitted], and their dualities

This paper investigates the dualities of two-parameter entropies, Sk,r Kaniadakis et al. (2005). Two kinds of dualities are found, namely inverse (r→−r) and inverse-scaling (r→−rs,k→ks) which recovers the additive (q→2−q) and multiplicative (q→1/q) dualities in the Tsallis limit.

Symmetry-cum-Unification in physical theories

A new kind of duality in physical sciences–involving Symmetry (S )on the one hand and Unification(U) on the other– is proposed, wherein the two partners obey, not the traditional feature of mutual incompatibility of two canonically conjugate variables, but rather are bound by a cause-effect type of relationship, albeit at a probabilistic level. While a precise mathematical formulation of such relationship is still a distant goal, the possible impact of this new kind of duality on the growth of physical theories vis-a-vis experiment is envisaged.

The pilot-wave perspective on quantum scattering and tunneling

The de Broglie-Bohm “pilot-wave” theory replaces the paradoxical wave-particle duality of ordinary quantum theory with a more mundane and literal kind of duality: each individual photon or electron comprises a quantum wave (evolving in accordance with the usual quantum mechanical wave equation) and a particle that, under the influence of the wave, traces out a definite trajectory. The definite particle trajectory allows the theory to account for the results of experiments without the usual recourse to additional dynamical axioms about measurements. Instead, one need simply assume that particle detectors click when particles arrive at them. This alternative understanding of quantum phenomena is illustrated here for two elementary textbook examples of one-dimensional scattering and tunneling. We introduce a novel approach to reconcile standard textbook calculations (made using unphysical plane-wave states) with the need to treat such phenomena in terms of normalizable wave packets. This approach allows for a simple but illuminating analysis of the pilot-wave theory's particle trajectories and an explicit demonstration of the equivalence of the pilot-wave theory predictions with those of ordinary quantum theory.

Bipolarity in argumentation graphs: Towards a better understanding

Different abstract argumentation frameworks have been used for various applications within multi-agents systems. Among them, bipolar frameworks make use of both attack and support relations between arguments. However, there is no single interpretation of the support, and the handling of bipolarity cannot avoid a deeper analysis of the notion of support.In this paper we consider three recent proposals for specializing the support relation in abstract argumentation: the deductive support, the necessary support and the evidential support. These proposals have been developed independently within different frameworks. We restate these proposals in a common setting, which enables us to undertake a comparative study of the modellings obtained for the three variants of the support. We highlight relationships and differences between these variants, namely a kind of duality between the deductive and the necessary interpretations of the support.