Kind Of Communication Research Articles

Research into donor loyalty shows importance of personalization, engagement opportunities

New research conducted by nonprofit software firm Abila shines a light on what drives donor loyalty—the kind of communications and engagement opportunities that keep donors coming back year after year to give and volunteer with an organization.

Outcomes of Late Implantation in Usher Syndrome Patients.

Introduction Usher syndrome (US) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hearing loss and progressive visual impairment. Some deaf Usher syndrome patients learn to communicate using sign language. During adolescence, as they start losing vision, they are usually referred to cochlear implantation as a salvage for their new condition. Is a late implantation beneficial to these children? Objective The objective of this study is to describe the outcomes of US patients who received cochlear implants at a later age. Methods This is a retrospective study of ten patients diagnosed with US1. We collected pure-tone thresholds and speech perception tests from pre and one-year post implant. Results Average age at implantation was 18.9 years (5–49). Aided average thresholds were 103 dB HL and 35 dB HL pre and one-year post implant, respectively. Speech perception was only possible to be measured in four patients preoperatively, who scored 13.3; 26.67; 46% vowels and 56% 4-choice. All patients except one had some kind of communication. Two were bilingual. After one year of using the device, seven patients were able to perform the speech tests (from four-choice to close set sentences) and three patients abandoned the use of the implant. Conclusion We observed that detection of sounds can be achieved with late implantation, but speech recognition is only possible in patients with previous hearing stimulation, since it depends on the development of hearing skills and the maturation of the auditory pathways.

Company reputation and its influence on consumer trust in response to ongoing CSR communication

There is considerable disagreement in academic scholarship and beyond as to whether, in cases of bad reputations, companies will want to communicate corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities because this kind of communication is likely to increase consumers’ skepticism. In this regard, the two empirical studies discussed in this article examine the influence of prior company reputation on consumers’ trust in response to CSR communication in general and the development in response to continuous CSR activities and their ongoing communication by companies as well as by the media in particular. The two studies show that consumers’ trust in companies’ CSR activities increases after a second presentation of information by companies even in instances when companies had prior negative reputations. The second study in particular fills a gap in the literature on underlying mechanisms of consumers’ reactions to CSR communication. The results suggest that companies with prior negative reputations do not need to remain silent about their CSR activities; instead, CSR communication can help improve consumers’ trust in companies. However, the findings of these two studies also suggest that this positive development is short-lived. Consumers’ developing trust in companies’ CSR activities decreases significantly if they are exposed to negative information on these companies.

Security Frameworks: A Study on Different Approaches for the Internet of Things

This paper provides an overview of some of the major works that focus on the use of security frameworks for Internet of Things environment to facilitate the development of applications for this scenario. The Internet of things or "IoT" is characterized by a high heterogeneity degree of devices and network protocols, where all kinds of communications appear to be possible, even unauthorized ones. As a result, requirements such as reliability, connectivity, privacy and security are becoming increasingly more critical. This paper discusses the applicability and limitations of the main existing security frameworks in the context of the Internet of Things.

Why Fear the Pen? [Essay

In more than 50 years of combined industrial experience, we have noted that an overwhelming majority of engineers are almost paranoid about avoiding writing almost any kind of communication, especially informative articles for publishing in magazines (communication in this sense does not take into account blogs, e-mail, texting, or other forms of informal communications that seldom have any review process). While not having done any in-depth research on the subject, which might become an interesting thesis or dissertation topic, we believe that the problem can be attributed to one of four possible reasons.

レイアウトとコミュニケーションの創造的活動と心理評価への影響

The aim of the study is to clarify the effect of layout and communication on personal creativity and psychological evaluation in study work space. Creativity means to create some product but not to do businesslike work. In last experiment an experiment was produced about businesslike work. Simulated experiments are produced in a simulated study space with 8 kinds of layout by 8 subjects for one group, who are asked to make wood block. The aim of this study is to clarify the effect of the layout and communication on creativity and psychological evaluation. 8 kinds of layout are often seen in study work space, which include wall-type, island-type, the same direction type and so on. 8 kinds of layout contain 7 kinds of layout in last experiment and slanting island-type. The room for experiment is 7.87 meters long, 3.6 meters wide, and 3.15 meters high, where 8 desks are arranged. During the experiment, subjects are asked to make wood block work for 5 minutes by a decided theme, and to reply questionnaire regarding to psychological evaluation after they finished the wood block work, and asked to make the score of the wood block work by themselves, taking 100 points as perfection. Then they are asked to move to another kind of layout and repeat the work again. 6 groups include 48 subjects. 3 groups are permitted talking with each other, while the other 3 groups are not permitted talking during experiments. Subjects are aged from 19 years to 24 years old, who are undergraduate students or graduate students. Analysis contains self-evaluation of work of wood block and psychological evaluation. Regarding to self-evaluation of work of wood block, modified score is defined as that score divide the average of all score of the same subject. For results, the follows are found. 1. In the case of difficult theme without talking, the self-evaluation of product in meeting-type is found well. 2. In the case of ease theme with talking, the self-evaluation of product in layout without intersection of sight is found well. 3. In the case of talking, wall-tape with edge is best for creativity, while in the case of no talking, island-type with edge is best for creativity. 4. It is difficult to say talking always help creativity. 5. In slanting meeting type, self-evaluation of work is high, because the intersection of sight helps people to communicate. In fact, it is found that intersection of sights prevent businesslike work in last experiment. 6. It can be say that intersection of eyes is a kind of communication. Regarding to the psychological evaluation, the follows are found. 1. Psychological evaluation is divided to spatial evaluation and emotional evaluation. 2. Psychological evaluation without talking is better than that with talking. 3. In the case of talking, both spatial evaluation and emotional evaluation in island-type with edge is the highest. In the wall-type, both spatial evaluation and emotional evaluation in island-type with edge is the lowest. In the case of no talking, spatial evaluation in island-type is the highest. Emotional evaluation of 8 kinds of layout is similar. The issue in future is to study group creativity and contact the difference of creativity in different facilities.

Usage of Social Networking Apps Using Smart Phones: A Comparative Study of India and Islamic Republic of Iran

Quest for knowledge is much easier in the present hi-tech world of education, and distance or continuing education is exploring new means and ways of interacting with students and patrons. Education has become much novel by using the Internet and social media in current decade. Smartphone is an important device in the current age that has created different ideas and opportunities for communications. All kinds of applications are in the competition. Instant messaging system has significant influence on long distance communication. This kind of communication has led us to get more familiar with other societies/communities. All types of information and knowledge are shared by social networking websites or applications on smart phones between individuals and public. It just takes less than a second for getting aware and informed about the news or a topic around the world. People of all age groups have free access to their circles via Internet. The aim of this study is to explore how and which type of knowledge Indian and Iranian media students are getting and sharing via smart phones. Telegram messenger is the mostly used application by Iranian while Indian students use WhatsApp. The methodology of this study is both quantitative and qualitative using interview and questionnaire methods.

Young People as Creators of Sexually Explicit Online Material: Fan Fiction and the Law in Australia

Debate concerning the role of traditional media in the sexualization of young people tends to view young people as a special group of consumers who require protection from some media content and its potential risks. However, with the advent of new media technologies, young people are no longer passive consumers of sexualized representations, but also generators of sexually explicit material that is created and shared among their peers. This challenge has raised concern among those adults who remain ambivalent, or perhaps in denial, about the possibility that young people are sexually curious. Accordingly, this essay seeks to challenge the view that young people are simply passive recipients of sexual messages in the media by highlighting the role that young people play as producers of media content, in particular through the production of fan fiction. This essay investigates the potential criminalization of young people whose online communications about sex can be classified as criminal acts under Australia’s child abuse material legislation. Interviews were conducted with five members of the judiciary to ascertain how this kind of communication might be viewed in a court of law. This was conducted as part of larger research project that seeks to analyze how Australia’s child abuse material legislation may impact on the sexual self-expression of young people themselves.

Jugendsprache in Deutschland: Entwicklung oder Zerfall der deutschen Sprache

German Youth Language: Development or decay of Deutsch?
 The German youth language has developed rapidly in recent years, meanwhile it is a distinguishing feature for every group of young people, i.e. every age group of young people has his own language. This phenomenon has been studied more and more in language laboratories over time. Young people in Germany today almost speak a different language, a mixture of English words that are sometimes difficult to understand. This article talks about this kind of communication between teenagers, and discusses how they were able to completely change their language, making it almost impossible to understand. The question of why actually such expressions are used, mainly those comprising many foreign words and not the words that already exist in the German language. This, this article discusses the German youth language or Youth Communication (German: Jugendsprache) on the basis of a description of the linguistic patterns and characteristics almost used by German adolescents as well as the motives behind such as use.

Development of a scale to measure skepticism toward electronic word-of-mouth

In recent years, electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) has become an influential factor affecting Internet users' perceptions and behaviors (Chatterjee 2001; Lee et al. 2009). However, as more evidence demonstrating the utilization of fake eWOM has been discovered (Forrest and Cao 2010; Malbon 2013), Internet users' trust of eWOM may have been severely undermined, and they may have developed skepticism about this kind of communication in general. Current measurement scales for evaluating Internet users' suspicions/distrust toward eWOM messages are adopted from the marketing discipline and developed for advertising skepticism, which is contextually different from skepticism toward eWOM. The purpose of this study is to create a new measurement scales for eWOM skepticism. Using data from a preliminary survey, new measurement items for eWOM skepticism were established. Then, the new items were validated using a second survey dataset. The reliability and validity of the new scales suggested that the new instrument is suitable for measuring eWOM skepticism. This study contributes to the eWOM literature by highlighting the importance of investigating eWOM situations from the perspective of suspicion and distrust.

Hacia un modelo de análisis del discurso más comunicacional. África en los digitales españoles

Firstly, we present a model of discourse analysis that it puts communication in the center. Inspired by Habermas’ Formal Pragmatics, language transcends the linguistic framework to be studied from the social, subjective and objective point of view. Secondly, we apply this methodology model on a content analysis of Africa’s news in www.elmundo.es and www.elpais.com. We check what allows a more qualitative approach to its media treatment. By placing news in an act of communication between journalists and readers, it opens the possibility to track the attitude and the interests of journalist, and let infer what kind of communication is to be established and its implications.

Kieli verkossa. Näkökulmia digitaaliseen vuorovaikutukseen. (Language on the internet: Perspectives on digital interaction) Marja-Liisa Helasvuo, Marjut Johansson and Sanna-Kaisa Tanskanen (eds) (2014) Helsinki: Suomalaisen kirjallisuuden seura ISBN 978-9

Kieli verkossa. Nakokulmia digitaaliseen vuorovaikutukseen. (Language on the internet: Perspectives on digital interaction) Marja-Liisa Helasvuo, Marjut Johansson and Sanna-Kaisa Tanskanen (eds) (2014) Helsinki: Suomalaisen kirjallisuuden seura ISBN 978-952-222-585-6 ISSN 0355-1768As the editors of the book point out (p. 7), this is the first book in Finnish (an English abstract is available, p. 211) to address digital discourse from a linguistic perspective. Since we are living in a digital society where our languages are used every day in different digitalised environments, the topic is both important and current.The book begins with an introduction to digital interaction and is followed by six articles investigating digital discourse in different materials: text messages, discussion forums, podcasts, corporate websites, blogs and online news. Digital interactions are studied in three languages: English, Finnish and French. The approaches range from interactional linguistics to pragmatics and from dialogue studies to rhetoric studies. Finally, the terminology of digital interaction is discussed and a glossary of key terms in Finnish is proposed.The introduction to digital interaction is written by the editors Marja-Liisa Helasvuo, Marjut Johansson and Sanna-Kaisa Tanskanen. First, they discuss different terms used in linguistic research. The authors find computer-mediated communication too narrow, and prefer Digital Discourse. Although the term has been criticised for being too broad, the authors claim that the aim of research in Digital Discourse is not to exclude any form of language use on the Web. The article also discusses different waves of research in Digital Discourse and the genres of the latter, the multilingual character of the Web and questions concerning research materials, methodology and ethics.Marja-Liisa Helasvuo's article studies participants in text message interactions in Finnish, a material that has been used fairly little, particularly in this language, because of the obvious difficulty posed by its private character. Helasvuo's article is an important contribution to our knowledge of this kind of communication, although the author emphasises that text message conversations do not form a homogenous genre. Helasvuo studies the references to the writer of the text message and its recipient. One of her main finding is that subject pronouns (facultative in Finnish: Mina naen 'I see' vs. Naen 'see') are not generally used in text messages, which corresponds to the norms of standard (written) language and differs from the norms of the spoken language.Sanna-Kaisa Tanskanen's contrastive study focuses on metapragmatic comments on discussion forums by Finnish- and English-speaking students. First, she analyses comments according to their location, direction and target. Second, she studies what feature of the message is commented on and what its function is. Finally, she investigates the communality of the groups by referring to their sociability, expression of support and identity. Tanskanen's study shows both similarities and differences between the two languages. In both languages, the writer's own or another student's messages is being critically evaluated, and support is shown towards other writers. The most significant difference, according to Tanskanen, concerns the target and the function of the comment: in the Finnish material, critical comments are more targeted towards another writer's comments than in English.Fred Dervin and Tanja Riikonen focus on the identities of intercultural podcasts. They argue that self is no more seen as a solid entity. Instead, it is considered protean, multiple, narrated and liquid. The authors apply a theory on dialogical self, according to which self can be studied through a change of positions. Another important notion is multivoiceness: with new technologies, not only have the positions of self but also the number of voices multiplied. …

Fish Chromatophores--From Molecular Motors to Animal Behavior.

Chromatophores are pigment-bearing cells of lower vertebrates, including fish that cater for the ability of individual animals to shift body coloration and pattern. Color change provides dynamic camouflage and various kinds of communication. It is also a spectacular example of phenotypic plasticity, and of significant importance for adaptation and survival in novel environments. Through different cellular mechanisms, color change can occur within minutes or more slowly over weeks. Chromatophores have different pigment types and are located not only in the skin, but also in the eyes and internally. While morphological color change, including seasonal color change, has received a lot of interest from evolutionary biologists and behavioral ecologists, the more rapid physiological color change has been largely a research subject for cell physiologists. In this cross-disciplinary review, we have highlighted emerging trends in pigment cell research and identified unsolved problems for future research.

Information Technology and Firm Internationalization

In the reality of the New Economy the impact of social media (SM) on business activities is often examined. The rise of SM and online communities enable individuals to easily share and access information. With the rise of social networks, there has emerged a new era of content creation where individuals can easily share experiences and information with other users. At the same time, the recently emerging focus of entrepreneurship scholars’ attention is the domain of international entrepreneurship which is the discovery, enactment, evaluation, and exploitation of opportunities - across national borders - to create future goods and services. The process of internationalization is of vital importance when considering both new ventures and established enterprises. As the Internet has revolutionized the way individuals access and gain information, also the information on the possibilities of internationalization is available via this kind of communication. In the light of the above statements, the aim of the paper is to explore the influence of the utilization of SM by the entrepreneur at the stage of the process of firm internationalization. The information derived from social network sites from international contacts of the entrepreneur may be useful and may support the internationalization process. In this context, the aim of the paper is to present and emphasize the role of the use of IT systems in the process of firm internationalization.

The hospitalist model

A primary information source for many patients and caregivers is an organization's website. This study analyzes 17 of the top hospitals in the U.S. to determine how they are communicating about the role of the hospitalist in the care of patients. Beginning with a review of the evolution and implantation of the hospitalist in the hospital setting, this paper then goes on to outline the information gathered and analyzed from the websites used in this study. The findings indicate that hospital systems need to improve the types and kinds of communication that it posts on their websites to assist patients with their information needs.

How does the effect of pre-play suggestions vary with group size? Experimental evidence from a threshold public-good game

Numerous studies have examined factors influencing the likelihood of cooperative outcomes in nonzero-sum games, but there has been little study of the interaction between two of the most important: group size and pre-play cheap talk. We report results from an experiment in which groups of size between 2 and 15 play a one-shot multi-player threshold public-good game. In our random leader treatment, all group members select a suggestion (e.g., “Everyone should choose X”), with one randomly chosen to be broadcast to the group. In a choice only treatment, subjects choose suggestions but none is sent, and in a baseline treatment, there are no suggestions at all. We find a negative interaction between group size and this kind of communication: the beneficial effect of both suggestions overall and cooperative suggestions on cooperation, cooperative outcomes, and payoffs decreases sharply as the group size increases. We find a similar negative interaction in a follow-up treatment in which all group members’ suggestions are broadcast to the group. Our results suggest that care should be taken in generalising conclusions from small-group experiments to large groups.

Uncovering Everyday Rhythms and Patterns: Food tracking and new forms of visibility and temporality in health care.

This chapter demonstrates how ethnographically-oriented research on emergent technologies, in this case self-tracking technologies, adds to Techno-Anthropology's aims of understanding techno-engagements and solving problems that deal with human-technology relations within and beyond health informatics. Everyday techno-relations have been a long-standing research interest in anthropology, underlining the necessity of empirical engagement with the ways in which people and technologies co-construct their daily conditions. By focusing on the uses of a food tracking application, MealLogger, designed for photographing meals and visualizing eating rhythms to share with health care professionals, the chapter details how personal data streams support and challenge health care practices. The interviewed professionals, from doctors to nutritionists, have used food tracking for treating patients with eating disorders, weight problems, and mental health issues. In general terms, self-tracking advances the practices of visually and temporally documenting, retrieving, communicating, and understanding physical and mental processes and, by doing so, it offers a new kind of visual mediation. The professionals point out how a visual food journal opens a window onto everyday life, bypassing customary ways of seeing and treating patients, thereby highlighting how self-tracking practices can aid in escaping the clinical gaze by promoting a new kind of communication through visualization and narration. Health care professionals are also, however, acutely aware of the barriers to adopting self-tracking practices as part of existing patient care. The health care system is neither used to, nor comfortable with, personal data that originates outside the system; it is not seen as evidence and its institutional position remains insecure.

Deliberative engagement: the forum in the system

Recent decades have seen an explosion of innovative forms of public engagement on many kinds of issues in many countries (even a few transnational experiments), and nowhere is this more true than on questions concerning the environment and the risks of new technologies. Here, I will examine this pattern of innovation through a deliberative lens in order to take stock of both successes and failures. At first glance, it might seem that success comes mainly in the form of high-quality deliberation in particular forums; failure comes mostly in the frequent failure of those forums to have much impact in larger processes (though such failure is not universal; see Goodin and Dryzek 2006 for a compendium of success stories). Here though, I will take a somewhat different approach grounded in a system view of deliberative democracy, in which the core questions concern the deliberative qualities of larger-scale systems of governance, to which particular forums might contribute. I will develop some ideas about the place of forums within larger systems. The core claim of deliberative democracy is that a collective decision is legitimate to the extent those affected by it have the right, capacity, and opportunity to participate in consequential deliberation about the content of that decision. Deliberation for its part is a particular kind of communication that emphasizes mutual understanding rather than the pursuit of strategic advantage, the justification of positions taken in terms that are something more than material self-interest, attempts to reach those who do not share the frame of reference of the speaker, and careful listening. Where to look for deliberative engagement?

Information transmission without energy exchange.

We show that it is possible to use a massless field in the vacuum to communicate in such a way that the signal travels arbitrarily slower than the speed of light and such that no energy is transmitted from the sender to the receiver. Instead, the receiver has to supply a signal-dependent amount of work to switch his detector on and off. This type of communication is related to Casimir-like interactions, and it is made possible by dimension-and curvature-dependent subtleties of Huygens' principle.

Communicating the Business Value of Innovation

Successful innovation depends upon effective communication of the business value of innovation. Yet different stages of the innovation process require different communication strategies. Companies who have recognized the different elements of the innovation process are able to target their communication mechanisms to achieve the best results from organizational innovation. In this article, we employ Desouza’s model of intrapreneurship to outline key communication challenges and strategies for addressing them across the five phases of innovation: idea generation and mobilization, idea screening and advocacy, experimentation with ideas, commercialization of ideas, and diffusion and implementation of ideas. The importance of communication to each stage is identified and barriers are noted. Drawing from first-hand interviews, case studies and a literature review, and further refined by presentation of the ideas to various executives, we propose in this article seven communication strategies for organizations to consider across the innovation process. Overall, having a clear understanding of the stages of the innovation process, and the kinds of communication that are most beneficial to each stage provides a clear vision of how to communicate the business value of innovations both internally and to external stakeholders. The effectiveness of communication can determine the success or failure of an innovation project.