Kinds Of Children Research Articles

Telomere length and telomere repeat-binding protein in children with sickle cell disease

BackgroundThis study aimed to assess the telomere length and plasma telomere repeat-binding factor 2 (TRF2) levels in addition to other inflammatory markers in children with sickle cell disease (SCD).MethodsWe enrolled 106 children (90 SCD and 26 controls) aged 1–15 years from the Hematology unit of King Fahad Medical City (KFMC), Saudi Arabia. Genomic DNA extracted from blood and leukocyte TL was determined using quantitative reverse transcription PCR, whereas TRF2, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and DNA oxidative damage were determined by using respective commercially available assays.ResultsLeukocyte TL was inversely correlated with age in the SCD patients (r = −0.24, P = 0.02) and the controls (r = −0.68, P < 0.0001). In addition, SCD patients had significantly shorter TL (7.74 ± 0.81 kb) (P = 0.003) than controls (8.28 ± 0.73 kb). In contrast, no significant difference in TL among the SCD genotypes (HbSS and HbSβ0) has been observed. A modest, positive correlation was seen between TL and reticulocyte % (r = 0.21; P = 0.06). There were no significant differences in the TL and TRF2 concentrations between subjects with HbSS and HbSβ0 genotypes.ConclusionsShort leukocyte TL was significantly associated with SCD. An inverse association was observed between TL and hemoglobin. Hydroxyurea treatment revealed no impact on TL.ImpactThis study explored the TL and plasma TRF2 in Saudi children with SCD. This is the first documentation that SCD children have shorter TL than their healthy counterparts, and no association between TL and TRF2 has been observed.Hydroxyurea treatment showed no impact on TL in children with SCD.This study is the first of its kind in children with SCD.It will pave the way for another study with a larger sample size in a diverse population to scrutinize these findings better.

Bilingualism and its effect on children learning

Bilingual mean that we should be able to speak in two languages. The discussion of bilingual is the very important matter today, lots of studies and viewpoints have done on this issue; because there are many kids in the same time, they speak in two languages, they learn one language as their mother language and the second language they could learn from their other family members or sometimes even they learn third language in the area where they live and grow up. Children can learn the language since their born till they enter to the society or in the educational areas like; preschool, schools and so on. They can also learn language naturally or learn it official. In different countries lots of studies have done on bilingual and results of those investigations show that the children who are bilingual have high intelligence, and speaking in two languages causes children grants a lot of potential thinking, the child grows smarter and more talented; but despite in Afghanistan more children are bilingual, less research has done on this issue. The aim of this review was to evaluate the role of bilingualism on learning of bilingual children. The results of this study indicated that children who are bilingual have high intelligence and speaking in two languages makes children keener their potential thinking, and this kind of children are more talented and able than the other children who are monolingual. As much children start speaking in two languages since their born, their brains' actions grow more.

Children's palliative care: examination of a nursing rotation programme.

An 8-month rotation programme was implemented for five nurses employed in two kinds of children's palliative care environments: hospital wards and hospices. This study reports the views of the nurses completing the rotation. The research drew on appreciative inquiry and involved a pre- and post-rotation interview and questionnaire. Thematic analysis of the interviews revealed seven themes: adjusting to the rotation programme; support mechanisms; being safe; new knowledge and skills; knowledge exchange; misconceptions; future plans. These were supported by the questionnaire findings. Although the nurses identified some frustration at having to undertake competency assessments relating to previously acquired skills, as well as being out of their 'comfort zone', all the participants highly recommended the programme. They commented very positively on the support they received and the overall learning experience as well as the new insight into different aspects of care. In addition, they were able to share their newfound knowledge and expertise with others.

AVALIAÇÃO EXTERNA E AUTONOMIA DOCENTE: o SMAEF como meio de reprodução da cultura por resultados

Esta pesquisa traz à tona um estudo a respeito das avaliações externas e suas implicações na autonomia e profissão docente. A referência é o município de Russas, localizado na Região do Vale do Jaguaribe, no estado do Ceará. Analisa as implicações do Sistema Municipal de Avaliação do Ensino Fundamental (SMAEF) do município de Russas-CE na autonomia e valorização do trabalho docente. O paradigma foi o marxismo investigativo com o método Materialismo Histórico Dialético. Foram entrevistados 57 professores da rede de ensino do município de Russas-CE, no período de abril a junho de 2020, por meio de Formulário Eletrônico do Google Forms. Utiliza-se a análise de discurso. De 57 entrevistados, 50 informaram que o nível de exigência por resultados que recai sobre os docentes, por meio da rede de ensino, é alto, enquanto apenas 7 informaram que a exigência é razoável. Somado a isso, com uma política educacional voltada com afinco para as avaliações em larga escala, 73,7% dos entrevistados informaram que a autonomia do trabalho docente foi reduzida com a política do SMAEF. A autonomia e a valorização do trabalho docente entram por uma via de supressão. Por fim, resta saber que tipo de crianças e adolescentes se busca formar com base nessa lógica mercantilizadora e meritocrática na qual a educação pública se transforma a cada dia. Para que as desigualdades de oportunidades não perpetuem, é necessário modificar esse cenário e elevar a problemática das políticas de avaliação em larga escala ao patamar político, histórico e social.

In the Spotlight-Postdoc.

Masahiro Uesaka is a Guest Co-editor of this special issue on recapitulation. Website: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Masahiro_Uesaka With whom and where did you study? After I finished my Bachelor of Science in Biology at Kyoto University, I joined Dr. Kiyokazu Agata's laboratory. For my PhD, I studied species-specific long noncoding RNAs and their regulatory roles in epigenetics, working with Drs. Takuya Imamura and Kinichi Nakashima. After completing my PhD at Kyoto University, I moved to the University of Tokyo, where I worked on EvoDevo research as a postdoc with Dr. Naoki Irie. I've continued to work with Naoki even after joining Dr. Shigeru Kuratani's laboratory at RIKEN BDR as a researcher. I was very lucky to have these great mentors, who kindly taught me many of the things important to established scientists. What got you interested in biology? When did you know evodevo was for you? Many biologists say that, as children, they were interested in animals and plants, but I wasn't that kind of child. Until I entered university, I'd never studied biology, but it was at college that I found it to be full of very exciting mysteries. In particular, the diversity and commonality of life fascinated me, so I decided to become a biologist. My research area in graduate school was epigenetics: I studied the epigenetic functions of noncoding RNAs through transcriptome and epigenome analyses. As part of these studies I also read papers and books on EvoDevo topics. That's how I became interested in both evolution and embryogenesis. I found it very exciting to imagine several hundred million years of evolution based on studies of embryogenesis, which occurs in the present day. So I decided to move into the field of EvoDevo. I started addressing the question of whether or not general rules exist between evolution and development. What makes an EvoDevo lab particularly attractive? To address some EvoDevo topics we need to work with nonmodel organisms, so an EvoDevo lab should ideally support the setting-up of a new system to do this. Furthermore, easy access to high-throughput sequencers and sufficient computer resources to analyze large datasets is also important. Fortunately, all the labs where I've worked so far have provided me with such resources and opportunities and have helped me to pursue my own research projects. What is the biggest challenge you face as a young researcher? Young researchers are expected not only to publish papers but also to propose original research ideas and concepts. We have to come up with our own questions that no one has come up with before and try to answer them: This can lead to advances in research. To generate new questions that can change our perception of the world, we need to think from different perspectives. Interdisciplinarity is important for that, because the boundaries between the research fields sometimes prevent us from thinking creatively and freely. I think that not only focusing on one's research topic but also spending more time cultivating interests in a variety of research fields helps us to broaden our perspectives—and that's important for pondering the nature of evolution.

'Our family picture is a little hint of heaven': race, religion and selective reproduction in US 'embryo adoption'.

People use selective reproductive technologies (SRT) in various family-making practices to assist with decisions about which children should be born. The practice of ‘embryo adoption’, a form of embryo donation developed by white American evangelical Christians in the late 1990s, is a novel site for reconceptualizing SRT and examining how they function among users. Based on ethnographic research conducted between 2008 and 2018 on US ‘embryo adoption’, this study provides an anthropological analysis of media produced by and about one white evangelical couple's race-specific preferences for embryos from donors of colour. This article shows how racializing processes and religious beliefs function as mutually reinforcing SRT for some ‘embryo adoption’ participants. Evangelical convictions justify racialized preferences, and racializing processes within and beyond the church reinforce religious acts. Race-specific preferences for embryos among white evangelicals promote selective decision-making not for particular kinds of children, a current focus in studies of SRT, but for particular kinds of families. This study expands the framework of SRT to include selection for wanted family forms and technologies beyond biomedical techniques, such as social technologies like racial constructs and religious convictions. Broadly, this article encourages greater attention to religion within analyses about race and reproduction by revealing how they are deeply entwined with Christianity, especially in the USA. Wherever constructions of race and religious convictions co-exist with selective reproductive decision-making, scholars should consider race, reproduction and religion as inextricable, rather than distinct, domains of analysis.

Evolutionary-adaptive and nonadaptive causes of infant attack/desertion in mammals: Toward a systematic classification of child maltreatment.

Behaviors comparable to human child maltreatment are observed widely among mammals, in which parental care is mandatory for offspring survival. This article first reviews the recent findings on the neurobiological mechanisms for nurturing (infant caregiving) behaviors in mammals. Then the major causes of attack/desertion toward infants (conspecific young) in nonhuman mammals are classified into five categories. Three of the categories are 'adaptive' in terms of reproductive fitness: (i) attack/desertion toward non-offspring; (ii) attack/desertion toward biological offspring with low reproductive value; and (iii) attack/desertion toward biological offspring under unfavorable environments. The other two are nonadaptive failures of nurturing motivation, induced by: (iv) caregivers' inexperience; or (v) dysfunction in caregivers' brain mechanisms required for nurturing behavior. The proposed framework covering both adaptive and nonadaptive factors comprehensively classifies the varieties of mammalian infant maltreatment cases and will support the future development of tailored preventive measures for each human case. Also included are remarks that are relevant to interpretation of available animal data to humans: (1) any kind of child abuse/neglect is not justified in modern human societies, even if it is widely observed and regarded as adaptive in nonhuman animals from the viewpoint of evolutionary biology; (2) group-level characteristics cannot be generalized to individuals; and (3) risk factors are neither deterministic nor irreversible.

Analisis Penggunaan Media Gambar Berseri Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Siswa Disleksia Di Sekolsh Dasar

Abstract&#x0D; &#x0D; Children with special needs require different learning services with children in general. One kind of children with special needs is a child who has difficulty in learning and it is called dyslexia. Generally, children with dyslexia have some difficulties in learning and one of it is difficulty reading. The study aims to analyze the use of radiant images as media in reading for Dyslexia children. The subject in this study is Dyslexia students grade IV at SDN Repok Puyung. The methods used in this study is qualitative descriptive. Data collection was conducted through reading and observation tests. Data presented in the form of diagrams, then analyzed descriptively. The main problem in this research is whether the serial image media can help Dyslexia students in improving their reading skill. The results showed that the use of serial image media could improve their reading skill. The increasing of reading skills as reaction for memory improvement of Dyslexia student through pictures. Other findings in this study are improvement in learning activity and reading motivation for Dyslexia students.

"Don't worry": Figurations of the child in a Swedish parenting advice column.

Materials such as popular books, magazines, and newspapers have historically been important for the circulation of psychologists' and psychiatrists' expertise in the public sphere. In this article, I analyze an advice column published in the Swedish parenting magazine Vi Föräldrar [Us Parents], featuring the child psychologist Malin Alfvén. Drawing on the concept of figurations (Castañeda, 2002), denoting the process of outlining and defining an entity, I show how the expert framed the child-related problems brought up in the submitted letters as transient and a normal part of children's development. In fact, most problems were considered beneficial for both parents and the child. Instead of interpreting children's behavior through a medical framework, Alfvén's explanations drew on 3 naturalizing figurations of the child: as being one of several kinds of children; as going through phases and ages; and as being a unique individual. For instance, a child could be rowdy and temperamental because he was a willful kind of child, not because, as suggested by some parents, he suffered from a neuropsychiatric disorder. I conclude by contrasting these findings to the claims made by some scholars that "psy" experts have contributed to an increasing medicalization of childhood as well as to a framing of children's development as overwhelmingly determined by parents' care. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Rethinking child protection and adoption: achieving social justice in practice

This article presents contributions made at the ‘Rethinking Fostering and Adoption: Achieving Social Justice in Practice’ plenary at the 2019 Social Work Action Network conference. The contributors write from a variety of vantage points but share the view that the current child protection and adoption system in England requires radical transformation in order to become more humane, supportive and socially just. The article begins with an outline of the ‘investigative turn’ in children’s services and key findings from the adoption enquiry of the British Association of Social Workers. It goes on to argue, from lived experience perspectives, that we urgently need a new kind of children’s social care system that foregrounds support, rights, social inclusion and trauma prevention.

Fashioning Alice: The Career of Lewis Carroll's Icon, 1860-1901 by Kiera Vaclavik

Reviewed by: Fashioning Alice: The Career of Lewis Carroll's Icon, 1860-1901 by Kiera Vaclavik Bonnie Tulloch (bio) Fashioning Alice: The Career of Lewis Carroll's Icon, 1860-1901, by Kiera Vaclavik. Bloomsbury Academic, 2019. In Fashioning Alice: The Career of Lewis Carroll's Icon, 1860-1901, Kiera Vaclavik draws attention to an important but often-overlooked area of Alice scholarship: her dress. This lack of critical attention, she points out, is somewhat surprising given the character's current status as a fashion icon. The questions of how and why the girl from Wonderland came to acquire this status reside at the center of the book and prompt a series of practical what, where, when, and who follow-up inquiries related to her different depictions. Aligning her investigation with other fashion-oriented research within the humanities, Vaclavik's contribution to the substantial corpus of Carroll studies takes the form [End Page 270] of an in-depth, multimodal analysis of the authorized and unauthorized iterations of Alice that appeared during the last decades of the nineteenth century. While Vaclavik draws on previous scholarship concerning Alice's visual identity, she ultimately seeks to expand it through her dress-based approach, which includes a detailed study of various material representations (e.g., prints, paintings, photographs, products, etc.) and cultural practices (e.g., amateur and professional theatrical performances, as well as fancy dress) that contributed to the heroine's reimagining. Through this examination, she convincingly makes the case that clothes can make and remake a character. When it comes to the perennial questions of identity related to Carroll's heroine, attention to her apparel offers important insight into "how old and how feminine" she appeared to initial audiences (8). The remarkable finding is that, for the first decades of her career, Alice's alterations were made chiefly in an effort to keep her unremarkable and thereby relatable to her readers. This fashion-focused investigation, however, is not without its challenges. Tracing the inspiration for Alice's different looks is, in its own way, a trip down the rabbit hole. The evidence is neither complete nor straightforward, but it is suggestive. Vaclavik is careful to qualify her suggestions by balancing the unknown with the known facts pertaining to Alice's history, beginning with Carroll himself. Chapter one, "Carroll, Dress and the 'Original' Tenniel Alice," makes the argument that the significance of Alice's dress was of great concern to her creator. While Carroll does not devote many descriptions to Alice's clothing in Wonderland or Looking Glass, Vaclavik notes that this "should in no way be seen as a sign of disinterest" (11). Drawing on a variety of source materials, including diary entries and letters, she examines how Carroll's views on childhood, religion, cultures, society, and the arts manifested in his opinions on dress, which, her research sample indicates, he shared quite freely with the people of his acquaintance. Style, she concludes, forms an important part of Carroll's artistic sensibility and aesthetic pursuits, as expressed through his writing, photography, and involvement in the theater. The author's interest in and awareness of the significance of different fashions add another layer of depth to his own portrayals of his character as well as Tenniel's. While Vaclavik's examination tends to focus outward, that is, on Carroll's view of how others (particularly little girls) should dress, it would be interesting to extend some of this critical attention to the author himself. Jackie Wullschläger notes that the young Carroll "was [End Page 271] precocious, adored mathematics and drawing, built a toy theatre and marionettes, and liked dressing up in a white gown and brown wig to perform conjuring tricks and puppet shows for his sisters" (31). Understanding where and when Carroll might have developed his ideas about the functionality and aesthetic purposes of different kinds of children's dress would move the conversation beyond his much-discussed fascination with little girls and the controversies implied therein. In doing so, it would further contextualize Carroll's fashion-related opinions and the ideological implications they carry for his female character. It also might help clarify some of the apparent contradictions in his attitudes concerning...

Orientation of Target Audience to Selection of Engineering Specialization in Institutions of Supplemental Education

This article analyzes the issue of motivating parents upon making decision about selection of supplemental education in the light of importance of propaganda of engineering specialization as a factor of state competitiveness. This work is aimed at revealing promotional methods of motivating parents to select educational robotics as supplemental education for a child. The experimental methods are comprised of comparative analysis of approaches by child’s robotics studios to promotion of engineering specialization among target audience and sociological survey among parents interested in educational robotics as a kind of child’s engineering creativity. It has been revealed that most respondents are not aware of robotics as a program of supplemental education and of its global demand not at the game level. While searching for objects of comparative analysis, it has been revealed that numerous institutions of supplemental education are not inclined to implement robotics as an analog of engineering specialization into educational program not only due to expensive equipment but, first of all, due to unavailability of required specialists for arrangement of such child’s engineering creativity. As a consequence of the comparative analysis of approaches to attraction of target audience, it has been revealed that numerous studios of R&amp;D creativity pay insufficient attention to advertising of their companies due to moderate budget. On the basis of the experimental results, recommendations have been developed on organization of motivating communication campaign for studios of educational robotics with consideration for psychological and behavioral characteristics using available advertising tools.

Fighting ‘On the Side of Little Girls’: Feminist Children's Book Publishing in France after 1968

The publishing activities of the French second-wave feminist movement are well-documented. Less attention has been focused on its attempts to imagine childhood freed from sexism. In the mid-1970s, the Franco-Italian editorial partnership ‘Du côté des petites filles/Dalla Parte delle Bambine’ fought ‘on the side of the little girls’ by publishing a new kind of children's book: politically and aesthetically subversive, and engaged in the period's major feminist debates. Tracing relationships between the publishers involved, this article illustrates how feminist campaigns helped shape new ideas on children and their culture after 1968: child-rearing was both a major point névralgique of the movement as a whole, and an issue requiring action, to provide tools for the struggle. Examining publishing practices, creative artists and books, this study reveals both the intellectual impact of the MLF activists on ideas of childhood and children's literature, and the artistic visions and new poetics they helped nurture.

Do patients of integrative anthroposophic pediatric inpatient departments differ? Comparative analysis to all pediatric inpatients in Germany considering demographic and clinical characteristics

BackgroundIntegrative medicine (IM) is a patient-centered, evidence-based, therapeutic paradigm which combines conventional and complementary approaches. The use of IM in pediatrics has increased in the past two decades and parents’ demand for it is growing. An IM whole systems approach is anthroposophic medicine. Considering the growing demand for integrative approaches in children, it is relevant from a public health perspective to find out which kind of children use IM in Germany and whether they differ from the entirety of pediatric inpatients in Germany. Moreover, it would be interesting to known, whether these patients are willing to travel a longer distance to gain integrative treatment.MethodsThe present study investigates the standard ward documentation datasets of 29,956 patients of all German integrative anthroposophic pediatric inpatient wards from 2005 to 2016 and compares them systematically to collect data of the entirety of all pediatric inpatient wards in Germany. Apart from patients’ age and gender, and the ICD-10 admission diagnoses, the geographical catchment area of the hospitals were analyzed.ResultsSociodemographic characteristics of pediatric inpatients in the integrative anthroposophic departments (IAH) did not differ from the entirety of all pediatric inpatients. Regarding clinical characteristics, higher frequencies were found for endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (IAH: 7.24% vs. 2.98%); mental, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental disorders (IAH: 9.83% vs. 3.78%) and nervous diseases (IAH: 8.82% vs. 5.16%) and lower frequencies for general pediatric diseases such as respiratory diseases (IAH: 17.06% vs. 19.83%), digestive diseases (IAH: 3.90% vs. 6.25%), and infectious and parasitic diseases (IAH: 12.88% vs. 14.82%) in comparison to the entirety of all pediatric inpatients in Germany. The IAH showed a broad catchment area, with most patients being from former, Western federal republic of Germany. Large catchment areas (> 100 km) for the IAH are merely covered by severe and chronic diseases.ConclusionPediatric inpatients of IAH do not differ from the entirety of pediatric inpatients in Germany regarding sociodemographic characteristics but show differences regarding clinical characteristics. Parents are willing to travel further distance to get specialized integrative anthroposophic medical care for children with severe and chronic diseases.

PENDIDIKAN BERBASIS ALQURAN

This study focuses on the interconnection and the integration, namely about the relationship of, education and Alquran. This study is a case study that took Pondok Pesantren Al-Aqobah Diwek Jombang as the research location. There are several arguments that form the basis of this research, firstly, this pesantren is applying both the salafiyah boarding school system and the modern system of education of technology and science. Secondly, santris in this pesantren are required to memorize hadis and Alquran using the principle of one day five verses and one hadis. In a matter of months, santris in this pesantren have studied the science of religion which counts generally should be studied in annual time.&#x0D; This research is a qualitative-explorative study that uses the theory of interconnected-integrative paradigm. In accordance with the research theory, the formulation of the problem taken to conduct this research is “what is the paradigm of Quranic based education and how is it implemented in Pondok Pesantren Al-Aqobah”. The methods of data collection are documentation, observation, and interview.&#x0D; The findings of this study are: (1) Educational and Social Institutions of Pondok Pesantren Al-Aqobah Jombang is an educational institution that offers various programs to develop the potential of santri or students using Alquran as the basis for their education; (2) it uses the MIR (Multiple Intelligence Research) method as an effort to explore various kinds of children's abilities, and so that their potencies can be maximized.

Reimagining Childhood Studies Edited by SpyrosSpyrou, RachelRosen, DanielThomas Cook. London: Bloomsbury, 2018 ISBN‐13: 978‐1350019218, 272 pp, £24.99 (pb)

Children, as Claude Levi-Strauss nearly said, are ‘good to think with’ and the wealth of scholarship on children's lives and experiences, and the concurrent examination of ideas about childhood over the last 25 years, has certainly given those of us interested in children much to think about. Yet, as the editors and contributors to this complex and challenging book point out, the paradigms used to do so need refreshing and the time has come to ‘think with’ children more imaginatively. Reimagining Childhood Studies is a ground-breaking book which will define the field for many years to come. It is a sometimes discomforting read, disrupting some of the fundamental tenets and taken for granted assumptions of childhood studies, such as the emphasis on social construction and children's agency, and exhorting those of us who work within the subject area to think more creatively about wider histories, contexts and silences. One of the great strengths of this book, however, is that while it is disruptive, it is never destructive and the introduction is exemplary in its positivity and emphasis on dialogue. The clear-sighted acknowledgment of how far the study of childhood has come in the last 30 years is used as a basis to look forward, develop and reframe childhood studies as ‘a critical field which is not merely aware of its own limits and biases but also capable of making political and ethical choices’ (p. 8). This is an engaged and engaging book which demands that the reader critically reflects on their own practices and ideas. The introduction by the editors, Spyros Spyrou, Rachel Rosen and Daniel Cook, does a superb job of reimagining what childhood studies might look like and the significance of the insights it can develop and promote. The interrogation of the notion of agency is pivotal to this project because of its centrality to the field. Yet, as the editors argue, previous theorisations have proved limiting because ‘the constructed, agentic, knowing child – regularly enfolds back on itself, often reappearing as the solution to the problem it poses’ (p. 1). The idea of agency, its histories, limitations and futures is a theme that goes on to be explored and probed throughout the following chapters. The book's contributors also show, in various ways, the need to understand childhood in terms of children's relational ontologies and interdependence. While this does not undermine studies of agency, which remain a central concern of many chapters (especially Cook, Bernardini, Kontovourki and Theodorou), it does challenge the reader to think more carefully about notions of scale and scale-making and the frames within which they work. As the Introduction asks, ‘What kind of child do we choose to bring to light? What kind of inclusions and what kind of exclusions result from our choices’ (p. 6). With this in mind, the editors make the radical suggestion of ‘decentring’ childhood, not to side-line it, but to expand its scope of enquiry and to embed it more explicitly within the political and philosophical realms. It is a challenge taken up by many of the contributors who examine, in different ways, broader concerns such as ways of decolonising childhood and research on children (Balagopalan, Cheney), intersectionality and queer childhoods (Bernardini) and disabled childhoods (Wickenden). Others rethink legal (Cordero Arce) and philosophical ontologies (Beauvais), the role of children in politics and in the political economy (Hart and Boyden, Oswell), while other chapters call for a retheorising of play and material childhoods (Sánchez-Eppler) and place (Kraftl and Horton). Each contributor draws on and expands the theories and ideas set out in the introduction and shows both how central and disruptive the notion of the child is to these broader fields. This is a difficult book to review because every chapter is so rich and engaging that it is impossible to do justice to each one: each deserves an essay and discussion in its own right and each one merits multiple readings and reflections. This is a collection without any disappointments and I found each chapter challenging and enriching. Collectively the chapters work together extremely well, layering ideas on top of each other, discussing and debating with each other, all the while opening the readers’ eyes to the possibilities of a truly new way of understanding children and a genuinely different way of reimagining childhood studies.

Conjuring the Shades of Queen Victoria in Ulysses

Conjuring the Shades of Queen Victoria in Ulysses Ann Wilson Green (bio) James Joyce conjures many shades of Queen Victoria in Ulysses. Stephen describes the Queen as the "[o]ld hag with the yellow teeth" in "Proteus."1 In "Cyclops," Joe Hynes remembers her as "the flatulent old bitch that's dead" who cavorted "blind drunk" with her coachman (U 12.1392, 1394). Yet, Bloom's recollections of the Queen are more sympathetic. In "Lestrygonians," he recalls her bearing nine children and aging in isolation as the "old queen in a bathchair" (U [End Page 146] 8.378-79, 710). In "Hades," he recalls her forty years of mourning for her husband, Prince Consort Albert (U 6.549-53). Many of the phrases Joyce added to this passage in the second setting of placard 11 reveal a major shift to a more human portrait of the queen.2 In fact, of the three Irish men who reflect upon the Queen in Ulysses, Stephen, Hynes, and Bloom, only Bloom seems to look beyond her as a political figure and sympathize with her struggles as a woman. This essay traces the trajectory of Joyce's intention to describe a more improbable aspect of the Queen's womanliness, one more commonly associated with Molly Bloom: infidelity. As Phillip F. Herring observes, throughout the British and Buffalo collections, Joyce records phrases which equate the Queen's private life with the tradition of an unfaithful Penelope and, thus, with Molly Bloom.3 The essay begins by tracing Joyce's intent to link the queen with an unfaithful Penelope as early as 1918 in the Zurich notebook. There, Joyce describes an ancient theory first suggested by Duris of Samos (340-270 B.C) that Penelope sleeps with one of the suitors and gives birth to the monster, Pan (Notes 32).4 That Joyce was interested in the subject of marital infidelity is unsurprising since the theme obsessed him throughout his writing. That he was exploring the subject through Penelope and Queen Victoria is rather startling. Herring maintains that the suggestive parallel equating a wanton queen with Molly through Penelope never went further than prepublication notes (Notes 45-46). In the second part of this essay, however, I argue that the link found its way into Ulysses. Ultimately, I consider how this evidence reframes not only how we see Penelope and the Queen but also Molly. Arguably, drawing connecting lines between Queen Victoria and Molly problematizes the widespread interpretation of the unfaithful Molly as ironic counterpart to Homer's faithful Penelope (Notes 7). Homer's Penelope is rarely cited as a model for Molly's unfaithfulness. Joyce, however, found this model in one post-Homeric variant that has Penelope prostitute herself to the suitors ("Bedsteadfastness" 54). In the Zurich notebook, he writes: [End Page 147] Joyce's source for these notations is the entry for "Penelope" in W. H. Roscher's Ausführliches Lexikon der griechischen und römischen Mythologie ("Bedsteadfastness" 54).5 There Johannes Schmidt mentions that "the most fantastic anecdote of Penelope getting involved with all of the suitors and giving birth to the goat-legged Pan was already reported by Duris of Samos."6 Duris v. Samos. B (Pen = Freier [German for suitor] / banished by U to Sparta) R, III, 1909; "Eumaeus" 5:9 B (Pan Antinous) R, III, 1909 Pen = Amphinomos killed by U R, III, 1909 B (LB what kind of child can much fucked whore have) Cf. R, III, 1909; "Circe" 1:86 Pen = Apollo ∣ Pan. … R, III, 1910 L (Priapea Pen (vetula) sits smutty talking amg the Freier) R, III, 1910 (MS V.A.2.a [p. 9], Notes 17) These same notes also implicitly connect Penelope to Molly. First, Joyce describes Penelope as one who "sits smutty talking" among the suitors—a description that sounds like a preview of Molly. The genetic trajectory of the line about "LB" and the child of a "much fucked whore" offers some evidence that this line is referring to Molly. Joyce recycles this line in "Circe," when Virag says to Bloom, "A son of a whore" (U 15.2575). One logical interpretation is that Joyce is referring to Rudy as the son and...

TRAINING OF FUTURE NURSERY SCHOOL TEACHERS FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF THE PRESCHOOL AGE CHILDREN THEATRICAL ACTIVITY

In order to increase readiness of future educators to organize theatrical activity in modern pre-school establishments, it is proposed not to include new educational disciplines to the universities’ curriculum, but to offer practical tasks for students to organize various kinds of children's theatrical activity in context of an existing disciplines of pedagogical cycle and in the process of pedagogical practice. Excursions to a puppet theater, manufacturing of various types of puppet theater with their subsequent presentation, demonstration of fragments of puppet performances during classes and pedagogical skills competitions, study of advanced pedagogical experience, etc. are considered to be effective forms and methods of work as part of practical classes of “Pedagogical Excellence”.

Этико-психологические аспекты коммуникации человека и робота

&lt;p&gt;В статье рассматриваются этико-психологические аспекты коммуникации современного человека с машинами с искусственным интеллектом. Если сегодня мы рассматриваем роботов как помощников человека, призванных освободить нас от тяжелой рутинной работы, то как изменится соотношение сил, когда роботы обретут полноценный интеллект, который, скорее всего, будет превосходить человеческий по множеству параметров? В настоящее время все чаще можно услышать, что роботы лишают людей рабочих мест, причем не только на производстве, но и в сфере интеллектуального труда. Автор изучает вопрос о том, насколько обоснованы такие опасения.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Каким образом нужно программировать роботов, чтобы они не повредили человеку? Как законодательно будут регулироваться конфликты в обществе, в котором акторами будут не только люди, но и человекоподобные роботы? Каким образом тесное общение с умными машинами скажется на психологии человека, на его ментальности? Какими вырастут дети, которых будут воспитывать няни-роботы?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Все это привело к появлению этики роботов — новой ветви философии. Ученые, которые специализируются на этике роботов, занимаются тем, что составляют своды этических правил для будущих роботов, ибо теперь уже всем инженерам ясно, что без учета этики взаимодействие с роботами может превратиться в самую настоящую антиутопию.&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Culture through Children’s Picture Books: A New Kind of Reading or a New Kind of Child?

Culture through Children’s Picture Books: A New Kind of Reading or a New Kind of Child?