Kind Of Boundary Research Articles

“The Englishman in Italy”: Free Trade as a Principle of Aesthetics

Dante Alighieri, whom Chaucer could read with pleasure and Byron with delight or even identification, has not always been so well-met in England. Horace Walpole found him “absurd, disgusting, in short a Methodist parson in bedlam.” The line is often cited as an example of how limited were the literary tastes of the eighteenth century. But I must confess that Walpole's reaction does not seem strange to me. Whether one may sympathize with it or not, I expect, depends upon the degree of one's experience with Christian zealots. D. H. Lawrence, in his depressing book Apocalypse, draws a vivid picture of the gleeful ease with which such persons come to employ the millenarian poetry of the New Testament. To consign one's enemies to immortal tortures while reserving for one's heroes all the delights of a tropical resort constructed largely out of diamonds and emeralds is not a subtle pleasure. Its appeal can reach the crudest minds. So urbane and elegant a fellow as Walpole, confronted by the self-righteous hymn-singing disciples of John Wesley, not only recoiled in disgust but quite properly recognized in the scheme of the Commedia something of the same primitive spirit. In every age, there will be persons to whom the blunt simplicity of this arrangement, say what you will for the profundities and revisions in Dante's handling of it, will be repulsive. Nowadays, perhaps, we are so hermeneutically splintered, so historically well-nourished, that we can entertain sympathies for Dante and for Walpole, for Byron and for Chaucer, for Eliot and even for Pound, all at the same time, always keeping in mind that our understanding of the one sets some kind of boundary

Prosodic signals of sentence structure: Their syntactic distribution

We have previously reported a technique for the use of perception tests to identify boundary signals in continuous reading. The distribution of boundary locations between words was described generally in terms of simple parsing state changes, or lack of change. Now we are beginning to analyze the classification of boundary placement in considerable syntactic detail. Computer storage of the data has made it possible to search quickly for various sets of information about syntax and perception. The present data base for this continuing study includes the responses of three listeners to three speakers, each reading the same 1870-word text. Because of the sequential nature of the speech stream in time, boundary signals can be imposed on the words and sentence segments only successively, as they occur. But additional analysis suggests the way in which this sequential system realizes the multidimensional combination of sentence segments. At each boundary, there exists a limited range of possibilities for the succeeding segment, with different probabilities of occurrence or different degrees of functional relatedness attached to each. The least familiar will be most highly marked. The set of possibilities at each kind of boundary may be stated in syntactic terms.

Geographic Regions in Korea

G EOGRAPHIC diversity is a reality in Korea. The different parts of the peninsula have different physical characters;' the successive waves of settlement and subsequent local developments resulted in the diverse human geography. Throughout much of Korea's history the central government was weak, and the eight political divisions, usually called do or provinces, had considerable local autonomy.2 In the three decades before 1945 the Japanese modified some of the regionalism in Korea, by building railroad lines and highways and by creating a strong government with centralized political and economic control.3 The 3 8th parallel, demarcating the American and Soviet occupation zones, imposes a new kind of boundary. This arbitrary line cuts across the grain of the country and thus across administration lines, which, developed over a long period of history, usually followed natural features.4 However, in a broad way, there are marked differences between north and south, between the Soviet-backed democratic Republic of and the United Nations-approved and United States-recognized Republic of Korea. The geographic regional divisions of have been treated at some length by Japanese geographers and others.5 Two recent European regional studies merit attention. In his book Korea V. T. Zaichikov stresses that variety is the keynote of Korean geography.6 He attributes this circumstance in part to Korea's transitional position between the continent of Asia and insular Japan. He notes the contrast between the west side of the peninsula, facing the Yellow Sea, and the east side, facing the Japan Sea. The northwest, according to Zaichikov, has been exposed to a profound Chinese influence; the southeast has felt the impact of the Japanese. The mountains, which occupy two-thirds of the area, have in recent times become of importance for their forest, hydroelectric, and mineral resources. The densely populated plains are the granaries; on them are grown three-fourths