Kinds Of Borders Research Articles

Contemporary Grammars of Resistance: Two French Social Movements

This article analyzes two social movements in France: the ‘Mouvement des Indigènes de la République’ [Movement of the ‘Indigenous’ of the Republic], and the ‘Réseau Éducation Sans Frontières’ [Education without Borders Network]. It explores the kinds of borders and underlying struggles that these social movements bring to light, and how their actions redraw borders. In these borderlands, actors in the two French resistance movements oppose exclusions and attempt to delegitimize the collective understanding of ‘la République’ that underpins them. This analysis builds on previous research demonstrating that social movements can succeed instrumentally in mobilizing participants when they resonate with and draw on participants’ ‘lifeworld’ (Edwards, 2008; Habermas, 1987). Moreover, I insist on the expressivist quality of these actions as performances of democratic freedom (Beltrán, 2009; Drexler, 2007). Finally, I consider some limitations and the broader lessons for border challenges.

Fevered Measures: Public Health and Race at the Texas-Mexico Border, 1848-1942

John McKiernan-González has written an excellent history of public health along the Texas–Mexico border from the era of Mexican independence until World War II. In fascinating chapters that cover the racial consequences of quarantines and vaccinations, Fevered Measures argues that various “public health campaigns provide a rich staging ground for encounters between medical professionals, political authorities, and working-class residents” (2). They also reveal the interplay of local, national, and international histories, as well as the making of ethnic, class, and political identities in the U.S.–Mexico borderlands. To borderlands historians, McKiernan-González's discussion of efforts by American officials to assert national sovereignty through the construction of one kind of border or another will feel familiar, as will his analyses of persistent discrimination against nonwhites, unpredictable alliances across racial and class lines, and tensions between actors operating on different geographic scales. But they will learn a great deal about how these issues were both cause and effect of broader changes within the public health profession. Likewise, historians of public health know about the movement of scientific discoveries between Europe and the Americas, the history of inoculation against various diseases, and the professionalization of public health during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. But Fevered Measures offers an enlightening account of how the border region often became a laboratory for experimentation by public health officials. By bringing these histories together, Fevered Measures provides several new vantage points for understanding both historical fields.

The “China Seas” in world history: A general outline of the role of Chinese and East Asian maritime space from its origins to c. 1800

Through the East Asian waters its neighbouring countries have since early times on maintained networks of trade and exchange relations. Historically, these waters constituted not only a kind of border or natural barrier but from very early times on also a medium facilitating all kinds of exchanges and human activities, a medium through which in particular private merchants but also governments and official institutions established contacts with the world beyond their borders. The seas were sometimes considered a barrier but above all a contact zone, a medium that despite its dangers and difficulties enabled people to establish and maintain manifold exchange relations.This article intends to provide a general outline of the historical role and significance of East Asian maritime space from its origins to approximately 1800, including the East China Sea, the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea (Huanghai), the southern section of the Japanese Sea, and parts of the South China Sea (now usually called Nanhai). It focuses especially, although not exclusively, on China’s traditional treatment of and reference to this maritime realm. Also in order to maintain the spatial concept operable, we have decided to call this maritime space the “China Seas”.

Introduction Locating an Australia‐wide Anthropology

ABSTRACT Ethnographic research concerning Aboriginal social life in the earlier settled areas of the continent has formed a minor strand within the body of Australian anthropological research. Yet these studies speak directly to the current national discourse concerning distressing conditions in many Aboriginal communities in the north. The kind of anthropology generated in South East Australia has always sought to do more than simply depict particular collective worlds—it also addresses how they are made, particularly in conditions of upheaval, relocation and engagement with state institutions and the nation's ideologies. By drawing attention to one kind of border, that between cultural/social worlds we hope to overcome another boundary, that between ethnographies of the north and the south. To this end, we draw attention to the process of boundary making that has been a crucial dynamic within the changing historical and social configurations that have shaped Aboriginal experiences of the social world. Thus, instead of reporting on the significance of cultural characteristics, this collection shifts attention to relationships with others, with the state and the encompassing society.

APSIC: Its future

The Asian Pacific Society of Interventional Cardiology (APSIC) aims to promote interventional cardiology, particularly in the field of coronary intervention, in the Asian Pacific area. The Society was registered on November 17, 2000 and it comprises members from the Asian Pacific area; the diversity of our membership base is our key asset. A few members from each member nation/region are nominated or elected as Nation Representatives who reflect the views and opinions of members in their country. These representatives constitute the APSIC Advisory Board and meet at least once every year. Over the past 10 years, the APSIC was so privileged to have many world-famous distinguished Presidents. Owing to their tremendous contributions, our Society has been definitely established recognized reputation in the field of interventional cardiology not only in the Asia Pacific region but also throughout the world. After enormous coordination and communication with many well-known global interventional cardiology societies, since 2005 we have established our own sessions in the EuroPCR, TCT, and SCAI meetings, and these meetings are not held in the Asia-Pacific region but are mainly in the United States and Europe. During the last presidency of Dr. Seung-Jung Park (2006–2008), our Society had established an independent secretariat office in Hong Kong. Apart from this, a new format of council consisting of Nominating Committee and Honorary Board was also set up. Whilst the formation of Credential Committee, the Scientific Committee, Business Affairs Committee, and Audit constitute the Executive Committee. All of these footprints were made by the incredible efforts from the past Presidents and also from the superb enthusiasm and dedication of all the APSIC Advisory Board members and fellows among the nations/regions. Although the number of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) in the Asia-Pacific region is still less than the total number of PCI in the United States or in the Europe, it is unbelievably increasing almost 10% per year, compared to 2–3% growth or even drop down in the Europe or United States. This surprising growth rate in the Asia Pacific region is affected by the rapid growth of local economy. Seeing that our Society has an important role in the development of interventional cardiology throughout the region and over the world, in order to provide continuing commitment to the public, it is our responsibility to develop interventional cardiology from our region toward the world. To fulfill the above commitment, I've introduced the following missions to cope with the future development of APSIC. We will focus on generating and placing important articles in our website, including articles on the famous public related issues, which will be published in the APSIC Official Journal—Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions. This should be made from the dedication and contribution of the APSIC fellows and advisory board members. In the Asia Pacific arena, there are a lot of young talented physicians who do not have sufficient opportunities to learn more about interventional cardiology. To make it a continuity, we should have the responsibility to educate these young talents not only through the scientific meetings with live demonstrations but also by mutual visits and by discussing, studying, and teaching in the catheter laboratories. The world is made up of different cultures, languages, religions, and many kinds of social systems or historical conflicts. However, to focus on the passion in interventional cardiology, we believe that we can build up mutual collaboration across any kinds of borders through the power of science and the love of humanity. I believe that both of the above elements are essential in performing goon activity in the Interventional Cardiology world. These attitudes, I trust, are inherited in all the members of the APSIC. The above missions will be my drive as the President of APSIC. If you want to share your thoughts, please write to me at [email protected]

Filíocht Nua: New Poetry

Filíocht Nua: New Poetry Justin Quinn Young Mother I told you about her. That night I was going on some duty or for a beer with friends in town when she got on—such beauty— deep in some issue with her husband as they boarded the tram. They had to stop their talk a moment to angle in the pram. Then they went back to working it out. Not that they had to keep their calm, but it was complicated. The child was fast asleep. I looked and looked at her and then she saw me and saw why. The rain came shearing in across the street, as that sped by. She lowered her head for a second, her husband’s concentration oblivious to the quiet shift in their conversation. And of course I thought of you throughout, of how and what to say, returning to you as the tram was drawing me away. [End Page 42] On Hearing Irish Spoken in South Dublin The whole Victorian terrace changes tint like when clouds go or come, a hint or Chinese whisper, a catch deep in the lungs. Thoughts float between the two official tongues like oysters changing sex with changing seasons on rocks that steeply shelve into the ocean. Lift up the shell and sluice one down your throat, and through the darker months your soul goes fluid. It spills its love about day after day of this Atlantic island, sweet and gay. First Spring Days Out walking with one child in a papoose, the other by the hand, cool in a hood and throwing questions and some mild abuse, we came upon two lovers in the wood. We slowed to give them time, as we’d reckoned we couldn’t turn. They rose, a little coy, and as we passed our eyes locked for a second, on either side of that explosive joy. [End Page 43] Šmukýřka Here is the track. It goes beneath the call of crows into the nearby woods. Here is the bus-stop and near its shelter stand two lads in hoods. In gradual enlargements houses and apartments take old farmlands, but for now they still persist. There must be in their midst a Nissen hut. Dog and other ordure. It is a kind of border that makes me suddenly more wakeful: here’s a stranger going from or towards some danger, as he nears me. The light and wind and trees shift a little then freeze an opening in the air: a marvellous azure grace unfolds itself in space everywhere. Before I step through it the branches tilt a bit, the sun goes, the wind stops, everything quickly hushes, and now these point-blank bushes become a copse. [End Page 44] The thorns and nettles mesh cutting into my flesh and closing down the track. Burdocks brush my chin. Something further in pushes me back. Old bricks, some rusting fences and roads to old defences— the gun emplacements gazing down upon the plains south of the city; cranes on wasteground, grazing. A burnt-out barracks shows some signs of life: clothes have been hung out to dry and radishes are growing. The light is slowly going. I keep an eye out for the inhabitant as I begin to slant homewards, with quickened stride to the apartment, our ledge of concrete on the edge of the steep hillside. Below it there’s a valley— a road, a leafy alley. Occasionally in the night headlights spook the trees. Now and then a breeze. I switch off the light. [End Page 45] On the Translator’s Art for Martin Hilský I The woods go dark. What language and what names Do all these shadows have that twist and rise? Kings and asses, spirits at their games, Monkeys, blackamoors and villains’ lies; Or lovers straying in the forest, sick With love and hate that plays through them like fated Rhymes and rhythms, changed in the very nick Of seasons: they are constantly translated By good fellows with wands, quills or machines. They swear and dance in time. They make their vows Then disappear in shifting flats and scenes. The players come back out and take their...

Border Crossings, From Theory to Practice: Looking for Floriberto

This article is about two women's journeys to understand our own and others' border crossings in the context of the forced migration that is transforming Mexico and the U. S. We explore insights from our experiences and observations of crossing diverse kinds of borders while conducting research and applied work in Chiapas, Mexico and living and working on the U. S./Mexico border. Scholars have theorized extensively about borders, broadening conceptions of borders that map cultures onto places. They write of the hybridity and fluidity of identity as people cross many types of border zones created by migration and transnational capitalism. While this scholarship is invaluable, it does not always fit well with the strong attachments to places and cultural traditions that many migrants hold (Nash 2001). In this essay we describe some specific border crossing experiences in order to illuminate the daily tensions and social, emotional and political complexities involved.

Sociological studies of diffusion: is history relevant?

The question of increasing similarity of forms and ideas is an important one in the social sciences in general. There are two main—and strikingly different—ways to account for increasing social similarity. The first is through an evolutionary or modernization type of argument, where increasing similarity reveals parallel but discrete processes of fit and adaptation. The second is through a diffusionist kind of argument, where forms and ideas circulate and spread across many different kinds of borders. Comparing three variants of the diffusionist argument, this article explores the different notions of time and history that these three variants reveal and express. While history always seems relevant, the way in which it is understood and plays out clearly varies across types. In conclusion, we suggest that recent developments in sociological studies of diffusion call, beyond history, to genealogical or archaeological research strategies.

Organising AIDS in the borderless world: A case study from the Indonesia-Malaysia-Singapore Growth Triangle*

Abstract: Tropes of borderlessness are pervasive both in discourses concerning the spread of HIV/AIDS and the Growth Triangle, a transnational economic zone that ideally binds together the Indonesian island of Batam, the Malaysian province of Johor and Singapore. This paper considers how the emergence of HIV as a problem in the Growth Triangle, and on Batam in particular, has been framed as a problem to be addressed in context of the nation-state rather than as a transnational problem that demands cooperation across borders. In conjunction with this, it focuses on further attempts to create boundaries around HIV, through the identification of risk groups, the localisation of prostitutes and the distribution of condoms. The paper focuses particular attention on the relationship between Batam and Singapore, and how non-governmental organisations and governments have dealt with HIV/AIDS issues in both places. Furthermore, it problematises these activities by paying ethnographic attention to other forms of cultural and economic logics that often are odds with prevention models. This raises important questions concerning, most specifically, the problems of HIV prevention and cross-border cooperation, and, more generally, the regulation and formation of new kinds of borders in a ‘borderless world’.

Neue Vertragsformen als Rechtstransfer?

Modern business is characterized by new forms of contracts which are usually not regulated by statutes or codifications. The relatively spontaneous appearance of these new forms of contract is part of present changes in the doctrines of the law of obligations and the concept of contracts as such. According to a prominent opinion these changes are due to a general »Americanisation of law«. In an analysis of the German law on financial-leasing this assumption is put to the test and is confronted with the concept of transfer which it implies. In particular, crossborder-contracts reveal the function of transporting normative economic expectations into the law. Some crucial questions are put: What kind of border is being discussed in the concept of legal transfers? Can the crossing of these borders be understood as a phenomenon of transition or as founding acts of law? Where exactly are the borders which law has to transgress so that one can speak of a »new law of leasing contracts«? Recommended citation: Gonzalez del Campo, Federico, Neue Vertragsformen als Rechtstransfer?. Zum Topos der angloamerikanischen Provenienz des Leasing-Rechts, in: Rechtsgeschichte - Legal History Rg 07 (2005) 46-57, online: http://dx.doi.org/10.12946/rg07/046-057

The Taming of the Illicit: Bounded Rebellion in South Africa, 1986

The South African state at the height of apartheid depended upon two kinds of borders. Firstly, there were the boundaries between South Africa and what was tellingly referred to then as “the outside world.” These were, like all such borders, highly porous when it came to the movement of migrant laborers from poorer adjoining countries. But in most other respects, they were impermeable. Indeed, the South Africa of the 1960s and 1970s must have been one of the least “globalized” states of the time. Economically it had pursued a protectionist policy. Flows of even mildly controversial or subversive ideas, of illegal commodities, and of people deemed “undesirable,” were strictly forbidden, and their entry from outside made difficult. Television was banned; books were subjected to rigorous censorship, and radio broadcasts were regulated and often manipulated by the state-controlled broadcasting corporation. The opposition African National Congress (ANC) and a variety of other movements were in exile and their members harassed, jailed, or worse. Physical and cultural borders were well-patrolled by censors, state bureaucracies, customs officers, immigration officers, spies, and police.

A GASOLINE SCENTED SINDBAD: THE TRUCK DRIVER AS A POPULAR HERO IN SOCIALIST HUNGARY

The author reconstructs the figure of the trucker as an interesting figure in socialist Hungary's ‘history of mentality’. The study outlines how the figure of the trucker and the popular meanings people associated with them, has constituted a post-Turnerian ‘liminoid construction’ that secured them the (ill-)fame of transgression of any kind of border, subversion against any kind of interest different from theirs, or simply just the fame of agents of change of Hungary's post-1956 everyday life culture. Their liminal character's representation had three major fields: Firstly, in books and movies truckers are usually at the threshold between everyday life of socialist Hungary,and life worlds of another countries, cultures, fields of knowledge and pleasures, between the feared and wanted, the unknown and the quotidian well-known. Secondly,their self-representation unveiled a strenuous way of life and continuous pressures represented by conflicting expectations of self-interest, the family, the profession, colleagues, the company, and social norms. Thirdly, an analysis of their usual life situations (on the road, at the border, at home, etc.), highlighted how these culturally constructed environments served as contrasting ‘cultural landscapes’ to the truckers' liminoid figure. An analysis of the role of motors and women in the representation of truckers gave an explanation of the popular appeal associated with truckers. The last section on truckers' contribution to the emerging Hungarian consumer culture in the 1970-1980s revealed major trucker missions such as supplying objects of desire and (perhaps more importantly) images of another cultures; the conveyance of ‘at-hand’ knowledge and skills about other cultures; travel itself; and performance at trendsetting ‘habitual show’ of doing petty business, and more generally, everyday risk-taking and decision making. Probably truckers' most important role was their contribution to the knowledge, attitudes and skills people employed in making up a Hungarian consumer society.

Policing Across a Dimorphous Border: Challenge and Innovation at the French-German Border

AbstractNo Abstract

Dopamime-induced inwardly rectifying potassium conductances in rat ventral tegmental dopamine-containing neurons

Through the East Asian waters its neighbouring countries have since early times on maintained networks of trade and exchange relations. Historically, these waters constituted not only a kind of border or natural barrier but from very early times on also a medium facilitating all kinds of exchanges and human activities, a medium through which in particular private merchants but also governments and official institutions established contacts with the world beyond their borders. The seas were sometimes considered a barrier but above all a contact zone, a medium that despite its dangers and difficulties enabled people to establish and maintain manifold exchange relations.This article intends to provide a general outline of the historical role and significance of East Asian maritime space from its origins to approximately 1800, including the East China Sea, the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea (Huanghai), the southern section of the Japanese Sea, and parts of the South China Sea (now usually called Nanhai). It focuses especially, although not exclusively, on China’s traditional treatment of and reference to this maritime realm. Also in order to maintain the spatial concept operable, we have decided to call this maritime space the “China Seas”.

Invited lectures

Through the East Asian waters its neighbouring countries have since early times on maintained networks of trade and exchange relations. Historically, these waters constituted not only a kind of border or natural barrier but from very early times on also a medium facilitating all kinds of exchanges and human activities, a medium through which in particular private merchants but also governments and official institutions established contacts with the world beyond their borders. The seas were sometimes considered a barrier but above all a contact zone, a medium that despite its dangers and difficulties enabled people to establish and maintain manifold exchange relations.This article intends to provide a general outline of the historical role and significance of East Asian maritime space from its origins to approximately 1800, including the East China Sea, the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea (Huanghai), the southern section of the Japanese Sea, and parts of the South China Sea (now usually called Nanhai). It focuses especially, although not exclusively, on China’s traditional treatment of and reference to this maritime realm. Also in order to maintain the spatial concept operable, we have decided to call this maritime space the “China Seas”.

Healing the Border Wound: Fronteras Americanas and the Future of Canadian Multiculturalism

Guillermo Verdecchia's Fronteras Americanas, a very successful one-person show which premiered in Toronto in 1993, deals with two kinds of borders: those within the American continent, which result in stereotypes of the south; and those within the individual, which bring about a personal struggle to find home. In this essay I look at how Fronteras both reproduces and subverts what can be called "the ideology of Multiculturalism, " an ideology which has instituted acculturation behind a liberal discourse of integration. The negotiation between ideological compliance and challenge is found in the content of the play as well as in some of its means of production, such as venue and language. Fronteras's most powerful ideological subversion, however, is its final suggestion for a new way to imagine Canada.

Healing the Border Wound: Fronteras Americanas and the Future of Canadian Multiculturalism

Guillermo Verdecchia's Fronteras Americanas, a very successful one-person show which premiered in Toronto in 1993, deals with two kinds of borders: those within the American continent, which result in stereotypes of the south; and those within the individual, which bring about a personal struggle to find home. In this essay I look at how Fronteras both reproduces and subverts what can be called "the ideology of Multiculturalism, " an ideology which has instituted acculturation behind a liberal discourse of integration. The negotiation between ideological compliance and challenge is found in the content of the play as well as in some of its means of production, such as venue and language. Fronteras's most powerful ideological subversion, however, is its final suggestion for a new way to imagine Canada.

Social Borders: Definitions of Diversity [and Comments and Reply

Discovery of cultural diversity was catalytic for the development of anthropology, and diversity has remained a justification for anthropology as a distinct way of studying man. Paradoxically, a new kind of diversity in the range of societies studied by anthropologists is now a severe challenge to established concepts and methods. Much of this new diversity results from an increase in the numbers and kinds of social differentiation anthropologists observe and analyze. The diversity of ways to distinguish individuals from one another is the result of a universal human activity, the definition of social borders. The past successes of anthropology in seeing through diversity to structural universality suggest that the definition of social borders is not only a problem anthropology needs to face, but one it is particularly well-equipped to resolve. The first step in the search for the basic dimensions of border definition is a vocabulary for description and comparison of numbers and kinds of borders. However, social borders are not simply present or absent in different settings; they exist in many degrees of definition. This paper presents a framework for identification of degrees or levels of border definition and a set of propositions about (1) consequences of different degrees of definition for communication and contact across borders; (2) factors that stimulate an increase in degree of border definition; (3) conditions which promote redefinition of borders rather than their weakening through acculturation or assimilation; and (4) conditions under which most borders in a community are likely to be relatively sharply defined.