Kind Of Behavior Research Articles

현대중국어 ‘X不到哪裡去’ 구문의 형성 원인과 기제 연구

In this paper, we use the theory of constructionalization to discuss the formation, motivation and mechanism of the the negative construction ‘X bu dao na li qu (不到哪里去)’.BR First of all, ‘X bu dao na li qu’comes from the rhetorical question “X dao na li qu”. The negative meaning comes from the speakers’ doubts of the behavior of ‘X bu dao na li qu’. In fact, he does not believe this kind of behavior is possible. Then, ‘X bu dao na li qu’ absorbs the negative information conveyed by the rhetorical context and highlights the negative information with a negative mark to form the negative structure of ‘X bu dao na li qu’. It makes negation from the pragmatic meaning of ‘X dao na li qu’ to the grammatical meaning of ‘X bu dao na li qu’ which results in the phenomenon of pragmatic grammaticalization. In the process of the evolution from “X dao na li qu” to “X bu dao na li qu”, the structural correspondence principle of form-meaning relationship is the motivation, the absorption of context is an important way and the neoanalysis is the mechanism to promote the change of the basic structure of language form.

Developing machine learning methods for automatic recognition of fishing vessel behaviour in the Scomber japonicus fisheries

IntroductionWith a higher degree of automation, fishing vessels have gradually begun adopting a fishing monitoring method that combines human and electronic observers. However, the objective data of electronic monitoring systems (EMS) has not yet been fully applied in various fishing boat scenarios such as ship behavior recognition.MethodsIn order to make full use of EMS data and improve the accuracy of behaviors recognition of fishing vessels, the present study proposes applying popular deep learning technologies such as convolutional neural network, long short-term memory, and attention mechanism to Chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) fishing vessel behaviors recognition. The operation process of Chub mackerel fishing vessels was divided into nine kinds of behaviors, such as “pulling nets”, “putting nets”, “fish pick”, “reprint”, etc. According to the characteristics of their fishing work, four networks with different convolutional layers were designed in the pre-experiment. And the feasibility of each network in behavior recognition of the fishing vessels was observed. The pre-experiment is optimized from the perspective of the data set and the network. From the standpoint of the data set, the size of the optimized data set is significantly reduced, and the original data characteristics are preserved as much as possible. From the perspective of the network, different combinations of pooling, long short-term memory(LSTM) network, and attention(including CBAM and SE) are added to the network, and their effects on training time and recognition effect are compared.ResultsThe experimental results reveal that the deep learning methods have outstanding performance in behaviors recognition of fishing vessels. The LSTM and SE module combination produced the most apparent optimization effect on the network, and the optimized model can achieve an F1 score of 97.12% in the test set, surpassing the classic ResNet, VGGNet, and AlexNet.DiscussionThis research is of great significance to the management of intelligent fishery vessels and can promote the development of electronic monitoring systems for ships.

Dangerous or Goodly Passions: The Role of Emotion in Parliament and Politics

Dangerous or Goodly Passions: The Role of Emotion in Parliament and Politics

Research on the collision model of high-temperature alumina droplets with cold wall for solid rocket motors

The study on the adhesion and rebound behavior of high-temperature alumina droplets impacting on the cold wall is very meaningful for the accurate prediction of slag deposition and internal flow field in solid rocket motors. In this paper, based on high-temperature alumina droplet impact experimental system, the experiment of alumina droplet impacting on the cold wall was carried out, and the temperature response of alumina droplet during the impact is obtained by the colorimetric thermometry. The study shows that the high-temperature alumina droplets impacting on the cold wall in a certain range of Oh number and Re number exhibit two kinds of behaviors: rebound and adhesion; based on experiments, the distribution laws of rebound and adhesion behaviors of alumina droplets impacting the cold wall are obtained; based on the energy conservation model, and introducing the heat transfer model between the high-temperature droplet and the cold wall, the maximum spreading coefficient model of alumina droplet impact on the cold wall and the prediction model of rebound and adhesion results were established, and the maximum spreading coefficient model prediction results were in good agreement with the experimental data.

Need satisfaction and compliance behaviors in two different phases of COVID-19 in China: Multiple mediation of social satisfaction, negative emotions, and risk perception

For three years, COVID-19 has significantly impacted people's need satisfaction worldwide, resulting in changes in compliance with COVID-19 protocols. This study aimed to examine the change in Chinese people's need satisfaction, compliance behaviors, and their relationship and mechanisms during two periods of the pandemic. Two studies were conducted using data from two rounds of a nationwide serial survey—the Chinese Social Mentality Survey (Study 1: March 2020, 8,717 participants; Study 2: April 2022, 6,118 participants). The relationship between need satisfaction and compliance behaviors was analyzed by constructing a multiple mediations model. The model highlights two relationship pathways: one draws from the health belief model and takes an individual perspective, with negative emotions and risk perception as the mediators; the other utilizes social identity theory and takes a social perspective, with social satisfaction and risk perception as the mediators. The results showed that Chinese people's living needs changed over time, from masks to food and medicine supply, and their development needs satisfaction decreased. However, the participants still displayed high compliance toward recommended behaviors and local policies, despite being less compliant with local policies than recommended individual behaviors. In Studies 1 and 2, respectively, negative emotions had a significant indirect effect on non-recommended behaviors and individual behaviors, but an insignificant indirect effect on recommended behaviors and compliance to local policies. The indirect effects of social satisfaction were significantly stronger and positive on all kinds of behaviors in Study 2, which buffered the negative indirect effects of negative emotions and risk perception. Therefore, using exaggeration to trigger negative emotions may be ineffective in promoting behavioral compliance in China. Improving government performance is crucial, especially when a pandemic has lasted for a long time.

К вопросу о позитивном поведении в уголовном праве

The legislator’s decision on the issue of criminalization and decriminalization of acts is inextricably linked with the development of an attitude towards a particular act as positive, neutral or socially dangerous. We focus on the fact that ultimately the social purpose of criminal law norms is the assessment and direction of individual behavior in a socially useful way. The question of what kind of behavior in criminal law can be considered positive is considered. The content of this concept is characterized taking into account its historical variability. It is concluded that positive behavior in the doctrine of criminal law can’t be limited within the scope of post-criminal behavior. Turning to the philosophical understanding of values and the developments of conflictology made it possible to substantiate the distinctive feature of positive behavior is social utility. The conducted research made it possible to conclude that exemption from criminal liability due to the execution of an order or instruction has a different social and legal justification compared to other grounds that exclude the criminality of an act.

Lethal yellow mutation causes anxiety, obsessive-compulsive behavior and affects the brain melanocortin system in males and females of mice.

Background The brain melanocortin system regulates numerous physiological functions and kinds of behavior. The agouti protein inhibits melanocortin receptors in melanocytes. The lethal yellow (AY) mutation puts the Agouti gene under the control of the Raly gene promotor and causes the agouti protein expression in the brain. In the present article, we investigated the effects of the AY mutation on brain mRNA levels of Agouti, Raly, and melanocortin-related genes such as Agrp, Pomc, Mc3r, Mc4r, and their relationship to behavior. Methods The experiment was performed on 6-month-old males and females of AY/a and a/a (control) mice. Anxiety and obsessive-compulsive behavior were studied in elevated plus-maze and marble-burying tests. The mRNA levels were quantified by qPCR. Results AY mutation caused anxiety in males and obsessive-compulsive behavior in females. Positive correlation between Agouti and Raly genes mRNA levels were shown in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and frontal cortex in AY/a mice. Reduced RNA concentrations of Mc3r and Mc4r genes were found respectively in the hypothalamus and frontal cortex in AY/a males. The Raly gene expression positively correlates with mRNA concentrations of the Mc3r gene in the hypothalamus and the Mc4r gene in the hypothalamus and frontal cortex. Conclusion Possible association of obsessive-compulsive behavior with reduced Raly, Mc3r, or Mc4r gene expression is suggested.

Violations by Party Members in the City Committee Files of the Communist Party of Croatia in Karlovac, 1946–1953

This paper deals with violations by members of Communist Party of Croatia in Karlovac from 1946 to 1953. Several topics will be presented, which include mischievous behavior and issues connected to alcoholism; religion; misappropriation, theft, and embezzlement; and work in coal mines. First goal of this paper is to identify what the violations members were sanctioned for. The second goal is to showcase personal stories of people who were sanctioned to see what in fact happened and what kinds of behavior were sanctioned. The archival material used consists of records of the city committee, basic party organizations, and the Register of Sanctioned Party Members.

Trichotillomania in an Autistic Spectum Disroder: Single Case Intervention

The following work addresses trichotillomania and dermatillomania, both symptoms of the impulses control, in a 11 years old girl, who courses the sixth grade in a private elementary school and with a diagnose of first degree autism spectrum disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as a comorbidity. The objective was to reduce the frequency of tearing her hair and the skin imperfections in the school context throughout an intervention based on cognitive behavioral techniques. Within the used methodology to analyze the case an exhaustive evaluation of the patient has been performed using grade observation records, before and during the intervention period in order to systematize the whole process. The intervention techniques used where Token Economy and self-instruction. The results show a progressive improvement of the symptoms, reflected in the diminish of frequency of the behaviors registered that were conducted. In spite of the limited time for the intervention for these kinds of behaviors and the base line phase, it was possible to get to know the girl well and establish bonds with her, in spite of her condition, which can be noted in a better adaptation on her school context. This work seeks to favor the increase of research on this disorder since there is information related on the etiological factors, but it still is not enough, likewise, the related information on these disorders and its possible comorbidities is useful to continue with the advance on the treatments in this area.

Organizational path transformation in response to disruptive environmental changes: The role of middle managers

Organizations need to shift from the existing path and form a new path (i.e., realizing path transformation) after disruptive environmental changes, and yet it is a difficult process hardly known in the literature. This study reports on a comparative case study to examine middle managers’ roles in organizational path transformation. We show that middle managers can facilitate organizational path transformation first by breaking the lock-in state via individual exploration and collective assessment, and then by triggering self-reinforcing effects to form a new strategic pattern via external resource acquisition and synergistic internal deployment. In contrast, middle managers who conduct individual exploration, individual assessment, and independent resource deployment can create obstacles for organizational path transformation. Organizational contexts are likely the underlining cause for the differences between these two kinds of behaviors. This research contributes to the literature by revealing how middle managers facilitate or impede path transformation, and by identifying organizational contexts that influence their different behaviors.

Review: The Content of Our Caricature: African American Comic Art and Political Belonging, by Rebecca Wanzo

Review: <i>The Content of Our Caricature: African American Comic Art and Political Belonging</i>, by Rebecca Wanzo

MANAJEMEN AKHLAK DAN KARAKTER PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI

This study aims to determine the management of morals and character in early childhood. Many found various kinds of behavior that can determine the character of different early childhood. So, a rule is needed to minimize the attitudes and behavior of children in early childhood starting early, especially in the influence of this increasingly advanced era. Education is basically in the form of guiding and consciously teaching educators to students with regard to the physical and spiritual development of children so that the formation of a good and neat personality. This study measures all aspects of moral and character management, namely: positive and negative, the purpose of this study is also to find out how the influence of character education management on morals in early childhood. The method used is a quantitative method with research data with data analysis. Data collection techniques in the form of interviews (interviews) by way of one-sided question and answer which is carried out systematically and based on the research objectives. Sources of data in this study in the form of respondents and observations. Data collection techniques in the form of research reports. The results of this study indicate that students are also expected to be able to follow and make themselves effective in order to establish unity in education which will later be in the form of good morals in developing learning character.

Under the Law: School safety: A legal labyrinth

An array of federal, state, and local laws and policies come into play when situations arise that could compromise student safety. These laws and district policies combine to form an intricate and sometimes inconsistent patchwork of protocols that schools must follow. Robert Kim discusses the interplay between federal, state, and local laws governing schools’ responses to student misbehavior; the differing regulations surrounding different kinds of behavior; and the legal gray areas and judgment calls school personnel face when making disciplinary decisions.

Route to chaos in a branching model of neural network dynamics

Simplified models are a necessary steppingstone for understanding collective neural network dynamics, in particular the transitions between different kinds of behavior, whose universality can be captured by such models, without prejudice. One such model, the cortical branching model (CBM), has previously been used to characterize part of the universal behavior of neural network dynamics and also led to the discovery of a second, chaotic transition which has not yet been fully characterized. Here, we study the properties of this chaotic transition, that occurs in the mean-field approximation to the kin=1 CBM by focusing on the constraints the model imposes on initial conditions, parameters, and the imprint thereof on the Lyapunov spectrum. Although the model seems similar to the Hénon map, we find that the Hénon map cannot be recovered using orthogonal transformations to decouple the dynamics. Fundamental differences between the two, namely that the CBM is defined on a compact space and features a non-constant Jacobian, indicate that the CBM maps, more generally, represent a class of generalized Hénon maps which has yet to be fully understood.

Learning Rat-Like Behavior for a Small-Scale Biomimetic Robot

Existing biomimetic robots can perform some basic rat-like movement primitives (MPs) and simple behavior with stiff combinations of these MPs. To mimic typical rat behavior with high similarity, we propose parameterizing the behavior using a probabilistic model and movement characteristics. First, an analysis of fifteen 10min video sequences revealed that an actual rat has six typical behaviors in the open field, and each kind of behavior contains different bio-inspired combinations of eight MPs. We used the softmax classifier to obtain the behavior-movement hierarchical probability model. Secondly, we specified the MPs using movement parameters that are static and dynamic. We obtained the predominant values of the static and dynamic movement parameters using hierarchical clustering and fuzzy C-means clustering, respectively. These predominant parameters were used for fitting the rat spinal joint trajectory using a second-order Fourier series, and the joint trajectory was generalized using a back propagation neural network with two hidden layers. Finally, the hierarchical probability model and the generalized joint trajectory were mapped to the robot as control policy and commands, respectively. We implemented the six typical behaviors on the robot, and the results show high similarity when compared with the behaviors of actual rats.

Quantum-inspired cognitive agents

The concept of intelligent agents is—roughly speaking—based on an architecture and a set of behavioral programs that primarily serve to solve problems autonomously. Increasing the degree of autonomy and improving cognitive performance, which can be assessed using cognitive and behavioral tests, are two important research trends. The degree of autonomy can be increased using higher-level psychological modules with which needs and motives are taken into account. In our approach we integrate these modules in architecture for an embodied, enactive multi-agent system, such that distributed problem solutions can be achieved. Furthermore, after uncovering some weaknesses in the cognitive performance of traditionally designed agents, we focus on two major aspects. On the one hand, the knowledge processing of cognitive agents is based on logical formalisms, which have deficiencies in the representation and processing of incomplete or uncertain knowledge. On the other hand, in order to fully understand the performance of cognitive agents, explanations at the symbolic and subsymbolic levels are required. Both aspects can be addressed by quantum-inspired cognitive agents. To investigate this approach, we consider two tasks in the sphere of Shannon's famous mouse-maze problem: namely classifying target objects and ontology inference. First, the classification of an unknown target object in the mouse-maze, such as cheese, water, and bacon, is based on sensory data that measure characteristics such as odor, color, shape, or nature. For an intelligent agent, we need a classifier with good prediction accuracy and explanatory power on a symbolic level. Boolean logic classifiers do work on a symbolic level but are not adequate for dealing with continuous data. Therefore, we demonstrate and evaluate a quantum-logic-inspired classifier in comparison to Boolean-logic-based classifiers. Second, ontology inference is iteratively achieved by a quantum-inspired agent through maze exploration. This requires the agent to be able to manipulate its own state by performing actions and by collecting sensory data during perception. We suggest an algebraic approach where both kinds of behaviors are uniquely described by quantum operators. The agent's state space is then iteratively constructed by carrying out unitary action operators, while Hermitian perception operators act as observables on quantum eigenstates. As a result, an ontology emerges as the simultaneous solution of the respective eigenvalue equations.

The time derivative of the geomagnetic field has a short memory

Abstract. Solar eruptions and other types of space weather effects can pose a hazard to the high voltage power grids via geomagnetically induced currents (GICs). In worst cases, they can even cause large-scale power outages. GICs are a complex phenomenon, closely related to the time derivative of the geomagnetic field. However, the behavior of the time derivative is chaotic and has proven to be tricky to predict. In our study, we look at the dynamics of the geomagnetic field during active space weather. We try to characterize the magnetic field behavior, to better understand the drivers behind strong GIC events. We use geomagnetic data from the IMAGE (International Monitor for Auroral Geomagnetic Effect) magnetometer network between 1996 and 2018. The measured geomagnetic field is primarily produced by currents in the ionosphere and magnetosphere, and secondarily by currents in the conducting ground. We use the separated magnetic field in our analysis. The separation of the field means that the measured magnetic field is computationally divided into external and internal parts corresponding to the ionospheric and telluric origin, respectively. We study the yearly directional distributions of the baseline subtracted, separated horizontal geomagnetic field, ΔH, and its time derivative, dΔH/dt. The yearly distributions do not have a clear solar cycle dependency. The internal field distributions are more scattered than the external field. There are also clear, station-specific differences in the distributions related to sharp conductivity contrasts between continental and ocean regions or to inland conductivity anomalies. One of our main findings is that the direction of dΔH/dt has a very short “reset time“, around 2 min, but ΔH does not have this kind of behavior. These results hold true even with less active space weather conditions. We conclude that this result gives insight into the time scale of ionospheric current systems, which are the primary driver behind the time derivative's behavior. It also emphasizes a very short persistence of dΔH/dt compared to ΔH, and highlights the challenges in forecasting dΔH/dt (and GIC).

Axial compressive behavior of UHPC confined by FRP

To improve the negative influence on the structural members from the failure brittleness of the ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) and enhance the load-bearing capacity and deformability of the structural members, the fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) confined UHPC columns have been proposed and are attractive in practical engineering. The performance of the unconfined and FRP-confined UHPC cylinders under axial compressive load was investigated experimentally. The following conclusions can be drawn from this study. For the FRP-confined UHPC cylinders with low, medium or high confinement levels, the stress-strain relations showed three kinds of behavior. Based on the analysis of the lateral strains of FRP and the shear-slip deformation patterns of UHPC cylinder, a three-stage failure mechanism for the FRP-confined UHPC cylinders under compression was proposed in this paper, including: (I) the formation of microcracks, (II) the formation of shear cracks, and (III) the formation and propagation of major shear cracks. Besides, design-oriented equations for predicting the ultimate compressive strength and ultimate axial strain were proposed, in which the confinement stiffness ratio and the strain ratio were considered as essential parameters.

The relevance of communal altruism for sexual minority men in contemporary contexts.

There are many reasons why individuals engage in prosocial behavior; communal sexual altruism is based on the notion that some practice safer sex in the interest of promoting the well-being of their community/in-group. Given that definitions of what constitutes "safer sex" have changed with advances in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) prevention, we investigated the importance of communal sexual altruism (herein "altruism") among urban gay, bisexual, and other sexual minority men (GBM) in the contemporary context. Using a sample of 2449 GBM we examined the association of both safer-sex-related attitudes (e.g., HIV treatment optimism-skepticism) and behaviors (e.g., condomless anal sex [CAS]) with altruism scores. Higher altruism scores were associated with a lower likelihood of CAS and a greater frequency of discussing HIV status with new partners. These findings demonstrate that many GBM are motivated to engage in several kinds of behaviors that improve the well-being of their in-group (i.e., the GBM community).

THE DILEMMA OF COLLEGE STUDENTS' PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE AND THE SOLUTION OF EMOTIONAL OBSTACLES

BackgroundWith the reform of college graduation distribution system and the fierce competition of market economy, group employment has become more and more difficult. Therefore, the group is under more and more heavy psychological pressure. The main source of group employment pressure lies in the mismatch between employment skills and professional knowledge, which can not meet the needs of enterprises; In addition, there is also a big gap in students' thoughts. Especially for the major of tourism management, during the internship and employment, most enterprises are service industries, which requires colleges and universities to have service skills and professional psychological quality. Professional practice can effectively solve the problems existing in employment in advance, clarify the career direction and alleviate the pressure. The professional practice of the group can not only deepen the understanding of theoretical knowledge, but also contribute to the rapid improvement of practical skills, but also effectively help the group adjust their mentality. Taking the professional practice of the College of tourism of Changchun University as the research object, this paper studies its basic situation, discusses the psychological confusion and practical difficulties encountered by groups in professional practice from the perspective of educational psychology, and gives the optimization path to solve this problem. At the same time, the emotional anxiety produced by the group in the process of practice has gradually become the research object.Research Objects and MethodsThis paper uses educational psychology, two factor theory and stakeholder theory to study through literature review, participant observation and interview, content analysis, questionnaire survey and mathematical analysis. In practice, colleges and universities use incentive policies to improve students' sense of responsibility in professional practice, enterprise application and job satisfaction, and use humanistic care to improve students' sense of belonging in practice. With the help of universities and enterprises, students can master and adjust the psychological cycle and build self-confidence in professional practice. Social avoidance and distress respectively refer to the tendency to avoid social communication and the distress feeling when immersive. Avoidance is a kind of behavior, while distress is an emotional response. The social avoidance and distress (SAD) scale contains 28 items, of which 14 are used to evaluate social avoidance and 14 are used to evaluate social distress. The initial rating was “Yes No”, but many researchers used a five grade rating system. The “Yes No” scoring system ranges from 0 (the lowest level of avoidance and distress) to 28 (the highest level). When the “Yes No” scoring system is adopted, the average value of college students is 9.1 and its standard deviation (SD) is 8.0 (Watson and friend, 1969). However, the distribution is quite biased. Therefore, many researchers use the 5-level score system to replace the “Yes No” score system. In the sample prototype, the score of men is significantly higher than that of women.ResultsImprovements should be made from three aspects: schools, enterprises and students, including formulating intern career development and training plans, ensuring high-quality living and working conditions, strengthening students' off campus management system, implementing comprehensive evaluation and summarizing practice in time. This improved method can effectively manage professional practice. The study also found that foreign language anxiety was negatively correlated with foreign language achievement. Similarly, there is a significant negative correlation between Employment anxiety and self-efficacy. State anxiety, trait anxiety and Employment anxiety were positively correlated. The “anxiety” component of learners' personality characteristics plays an important role in the generation of Employment anxiety.ConclusionBased on educational psychology and two factor theory, this study explores the optimization path of Undergraduate Practice of tourism management through empirical research, which not only innovates the research perspective, but also enriches the above related theories. The practical significance of this study is to guide students to correctly understand and participate in professional practice, realize stable employment, provide basis for reasonable arrangement of professional practice, improve the professional commitment of application-oriented groups, and provide reference for internship enterprises to cultivate and retain high-quality talents. It can also help the group about to carry out employment internship fully understand the society, body and their own abilities, and reduce unnecessary anxiety.AcknowledgementsThis project is supported by the 13th Five-Year Education and scientific Research Planning project of Chinese Education Society (Grant No. JYXH102373).