Kinds Of Antibiotics Research Articles

Novel β-lactam antibiotics versus other antibiotics for treatment of complicated urinary tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Novel β-lactam antibiotics as well as other kinds of antibiotics have been used to treat complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs); however, their efficacy and safety remain controversial. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to explore the efficacy and safety of novel β-lactam antibiotics versus other antibiotics against cUTIs. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched systematically from inception through 15 March 2024 for clinical trials comparing novel β-lactam antibiotics with other antibiotics for treatment of cUTIs. Random-effects models were used to evaluate the impact of treatment on the risk ratio (RR) of clinical response, microbiologic response, adverse effects (AEs), serious adverse effects (SAEs). The quality of evidence was evaluated with the Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment tool. The review was registered in INPLASY (INPLASY202440054). Ten randomized controlled trials involving 5, 925 patients met our inclusion criteria. Our meta-analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in overall clinical response (RR = 1.02), AEs (RR = 1.07), SAEs (RR = 1.20) between novel β-lactam antibiotics groups and other antibiotics groups. However, a significant difference was found in a subgroup of clinical cure rates at the end of treatment between novel β-lactam antibiotics groups and carbapenems groups, with low heterogeneity (RR = 1.02). A significant difference was observed in microbiologic response (RR = 1.11). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant difference in microbiologic response between novel BBL/BLS groups and carbapenems groups (RR = 1.13, I2 = 21%, P = 0.005). Differences was observed between novel BBL/BLS groups and piperacillin/tazobactam sodium groups (RR = 1.21, I2 = 70%, P = 0.02). Similar results were obtained from subgroup analysis of the difference in microbiologic response between novel β-lactam antibiotics groups and ertapenem groups (RR = 0.92, I2 = 0, P = 0.01). Novel β-lactam antibiotics had similar overall clinical cure, AEs, SAE, to other antibiotics in the treatment of cUTIs. However, novel β-lactam antibiotics demonstrated superior clinical cure rates compared to carbapenems in a subgroup analysis, and exhibited better microbiologic response than other antibiotics.

Epidemiology of Infections Caused by ESBL-Producing Enterobacteriaceae and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Strains Isolated at Meknes-Based Moulay Ismail Military Hospital: A Retrospective Study from January 2018 to December 2020

Introduction: Infections caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) pose a major public health challenge. In addition to their widespread presence and growing resistance to several categories of antibiotics, the medical management of these bacteria becomes intricate, potentially resulting in a therapeutic impasse. Our study's goal is to examine the regional epidemiological characteristics of ESBL-PE infections and present a current assessment of their antibiotic resistance. Methods: The retrospective investigation undertaken at the bacteriology laboratory of the Meknes-based Moulay Ismail Military Hospital, covering a period of three years (January 2018 to March 2021), specifically examines the isolates of ESBL-PE. Results: Among the 2596 strains of Enterobacteriaceae described, 16.4% were found to produce ESBL, with E. coli being accountable for 63.6% of these strains. 85.1% of these ESBL-PE were isolated from urine samples. Surgical services were the largest source of these ESBL-PE (54.3%), followed by the emergency department (22%), medical services (14.5%), and intensive care unit (9.2%). The antibiotic resistance of these ESBL-PE has been studied and found to be high for gentamicin (63%), tobramycin (66%), cotrimoxazole (85%), and ciprofloxacin (91%). Only 7% exhibited good sensitivity to amikacin, 4% to imipenem, and 5% to fosfomycin. Conclusion: The advent of ESBL-PE in our institution is a big challenge. To limit the use of carbapenems and prevent the spread of strains causing carbapenemases, other kinds of antibiotics can be utilized. The partnership between clinicians and the bacteriology laboratory is vital for efficiently preventing and monitoring the spread of these multidrug-resistant bacteria.

A europium (III) functionalized hydrogen-bonded organic framework for sensitively ratiometric fluorescent sensing of tetracycline.

As a kind of antibiotic, tetracycline (TC) might remain in animal blood and milk products during use, which poses a risk to humans after consumption. Therefore, a ratiometric fluorescence probe was proposed for the detection of TC, which was based on anEu3+ functionalized hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF). Since there are alarge number of N and O atoms in the skeleton of HOF, more Eu3+ could be loaded onto HOF by forming coordinate bonds, while preserving the fluorescence of luminol monomer in HOF. In the presence of TC, the fluorescence of luminol monomer was attenuated at 425nm due to inner filter effect (IFE), while TC selectively enhanced the fluorescence peak at 617nm of Eu3+ under the influence of antenna effect (AE). This highly sensitive probe could detect TC in the range of0.1-60μM and had a low limit ofdetection of 8.51nM. Besides, the HOF@Eu probe was able to detect TC in actual samples (milk and tap water) with good recoveries (95.09%-111.51%) and precision (R < 4.78%), indicating this probe has great application potential forthe detection of TC in food.

Catalytic ozonation performance and mechanisms of Cu-Co/γ-Al2O3 to achieve antibiotics and ammonia simultaneously removal in aquaculture wastewater

Antibiotics and ammonia are generally co-existed in aquaculture tailwater; moreover, ammonia would also be produced from during ozonation, and should be simultaneously removed before discharge or reuse. In this study, catalyst Cu-Co/γ-Al2O3 was screened from a variety of metal oxides and applied in catalytic ozonation of three kinds of antibiotics and NH+4-N. Factors that affected their removal, including catalyst dosages, O3 concentration, initial pH as well as co-existing ions, were investigated. Moreover, the mechanisms were probed by exploring free radicals’ role as well as intermediates identification; and the characteristics of catalysts before and after use were evaluated using SEM, EDS, XRD, XPS, and BET. Results demonstrated that Cu-Co/γ-Al2O3 could significantly stimulate the degradation of the selected antibiotics and NH+4-N during ozonation. The degradation efficiencies of ciprofloxacin (CIP), tetracycline (TC), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and NH+4-N can reach up to 95.0 %, 100.0 %, 96.2 %, and 75.7 %, respectively. Plenty of oxygen vacancy (Ovs) and sufficient alkaline sites on the surface of catalyst facilitated the adsorption of pollutants. Furthermore, the transformation of metal ions Cu+/Cu2+ and Co2+/Co3+ enhanced the electron transfer capacity and favored the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during catalytic ozonation reaction, and their roles in catalytic ozonation has also been verified. The radical quenching experiments demonstrated that ·OH was the main contributor for enhancing pollutants removal. The results of Gaussian calculation coincided with those intermediates detected by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, the pollutants’ removal mechanisms by catalytic ozonation were proposed basing on them. The overall toxicities were compared for ozone only/catalytic ozonation by zebrafish embryo experiment. The results of this study would provide new a feasible way for treating antibiotics and NH+4-N simultaneously in aquaculture wastewater.

Performances of a novel BAF with ferromanganese oxide modified biochar (FMBC) as the carriers for treating antibiotics, nitrogen and phosphorus in aquaculture wastewater.

In this paper, a biological aerated filter (BAF) based on ferromanganese oxide-biochar (FMBC) was constructed to investigated the removal performance and mechanism for conventional pollutants and four kinds of antibiotic, in contrast of conventional zeolite loaded BAF (BAF-A) and bamboo biochar filled BAF (BAF-B). Results showed that the average removal efficiency of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and antibiotics in a FMBC-BAF (named by BAF-C) were 52.97 ± 2.27%, 51.58 ± 1.92% and 70.36 ± 1.00% ~ 81.65 ± 0.99% respectively in running period (39-100 d), which were significantly higher than those of BAF-A and BAF-B. In the BAF-C, the expression of denitrification enzyme activities and the secretion of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) especially polyprotein (PN) were effectively stimulated, as well as accelerated electron transfer activity (ETSA) and lower electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were acquired. After 100 days of operation, the abundance of nitrogen, phosphorus and antibiotic removal functional bacteria like Sphingorhabdus (4.52%), Bradyrhizobium (1.98%), Hyphomicrobium (2.49%), Ferruginibacter (7.80%), unclassified_f_Blastoca tellaceae (1.84%), norank_f_JG30-KF-CM45 (6.82%), norank_f_norank_o_SBR1031 (2.43%), Nitrospira (2.58%) norank_f_Caldilineaceae (1.53%) and Micropruina (1.11%) were enriched. Mechanism hypothesis of enhanced performances of nutrients and antibiotics removal pointed that: The phosphorus was removed by adsorption and precipitation, antibiotics removal was mainly achieved through the combined action of adsorption and biodegradation, while nitrogen removal was realized by biologic nitrification and denitrification in a FMBC-BAF for aquaculture wastewater treatment.

Construction of luminescent dye@MOF platforms for sensing antibiotics with enhanced selectivity and sensitivity

The fabrication of luminescent dye@MOF composites has received extensive attentions in the development of realistic sensing applications. Herein, based on two anionic In-MOFs with different pore structure (1 and 2), the charge and size dependent ion-exchange of cationic dyes was investigated, and consequently four luminescent dye@MOF composites (DMASM@1/2 and RhB@1/2) were successfully fabricated and importantly can be regarded as ideal platforms for better understanding of the factors affecting the construction of dye@MOF composites, which may closely related to a well match between the intrinsic properties and size/charge of the fluorescent molecules and the porosity, structure character of the MOF hosts. Furthermore, these four dye@MOF composites were utilized for sensing of different kinds of antibiotics, demonstrating enhanced selectivity and sensitivity. DMASM@1/2 demonstrated excellent selectivity and sensitivity for NFT and NFZ antibiotics, while RhB@1/2 exhibited excellent selectivity and sensitivity for MDZ and DTZ antibiotics. Systematic analysis of the detection mechanism revealed that different energy transfer efficiency and interaction between MOF frameworks and different types of guest dyes led to different selectivity and detection mechanisms for antibiotics. Moreover, high selectivity and sensitivity, low LOD and extraordinary recycling capacity of four dye@MOF composites in the detection of antibiotics promote their excellent prospect in the further practical application.

High-Throughput Multitarget Molecular Detection in an Automatic Light-Addressable Photoelectrochemical Sensing Platform.

Successively emerged high-throughput multitarget molecular detection methods bring significant development tides in chemical, biological, and environmental fields. However, several persistent challenges of intricate sample preparation, expensive instruments, and tedious and skilled operations still need to be further addressed. Here, we propose an automatic light-addressable photoelectrochemical (ALA-PEC) sensing platform for sensitive and selective detection of multitarget molecules. With Au nanoparticle-decorated TiO2 nanotube photonic crystals (Au-TiO2 NTPCs) as a photoelectrode and 8 kinds of antibiotics as target molecules, the ALA-PEC sensing system implements automatic detection of multimolecules in a short time with high sensitivity and good selectivity. Random samples with different amounts of antibiotics have been well-distinguished in the ALA-PEC system, and both the chemical components and concentrations have been well-illustrated in a pattern recognition model. It is worth noting that 8 samples are not the limit of the ALA-PEC sensing platform, which can be easily expanded to more complex detection arrays based on practical needs. The emerging ALA-PEC sensing platform provides a new solution for rapid screening and detection of multitarget and high-throughput substances and potentially brings the automatic, portable, sensitive, high-throughput, and cost-effective detection technique to an entire new realm.

Aluminium-doped Carbon Dots for the Simultaneous Selective Detection of Five Tetracycline Antibiotics.

In this paper, the aluminium-doped carbon dots (Al-CDs) were developed for simultaneous selective detection of five tetracycline antibiotics (TCs), including minocycline (MC), tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC), doxycycline (DOC) and chlortetracycline (CTC). With the bright blue fluorescence, Al-CDs displayed excellent stability and showed no obvious fluorescence intensity changes under different ionic strength, acidic or alkaline environment, continuous ultraviolet light illumination, and even longtime storage at room temperature. As adding different antibiotics, the fluorescence of Al-CDs was strongly quenched by five TCs and showed no distinguished changes with the addition of other kinds of antibiotics. The presence of interferential metal ions, anions and small organic molecules imposed no effect on the simultaneous selective detection of five TCs. A good linear relationship was achieved for five TCs in the range of 0-100μM, and the limit of detection for MC, TC, OTC, DOC, and CTC were 13.91 (0-100μM), 15.54 (0-100μM), 14.26 (0-100μM), 13.48 (0-100μM) and 13.88nM (0-100μM), respectively. Moreover, Al-CDs was successfully used to the detection of five TCs in real samples with recovery ranging from 92.47% to 122.05%, confirming a bright future for the practical applications in the assays of foods, medicines, and environments.

Abstract 6371: Prenatal exposure to medication and risk of childhood cancer - A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract The use of medication during pregnancy carries a potential health risk for the unborn child. However, the majority of drugs examined in previous observational studies have shown inconsistent results with the risk of childhood cancer, and these findings have not been consolidated in drug-specific meta-analyses. To address this gap, a systematic search was conducted in the databases PubMed and Science Citation Index for studies on medication use during pregnancy and the risk of childhood cancer. Studies with exposure to diethylstilbestrol as a known teratogen were excluded. Meta-analyses with estimates for random effects models with 95% confidence intervals were conducted, if at least three studies on the same research question were available. The I² statistic was calculated to quantify between-study heterogeneity. Statistical significance of I2 was analyzed with the Q statistic (P value for heterogeneity (P)). Study quality was summarized based on a self-developed scoring system with five items. The systematic literature search yielded 2,373 studies, of which 62 were included in the systematic review. We conducted a total of 37 analyses including exposure to 12 different types of medications during pregnancy and 13 different outcomes of childhood cancer. Pooled odds ratios (OR) showed an increased risk of acute leukemia (AL) and its subtype acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after prenatal exposure to antiemetics (AL: OR= 1.47 (95 % confidence interval 1.02; 2.14) I²= 0.0 % P= 0.44; ALL: OR= 1.27 (1.01;1.59) I²= 0.0 % P= 0.93) and any kind of antibiotics (AL: OR= 1.13 (1.01; 1.27) I²= 0.0 % P= 0.53; ALL: OR= 1.12 (1.01; 1.24) I²= 19.7 % P= 0.26). In addition, an increased risk of childhood cancer in general was observed when mothers took nitrosatable antibiotics (OR= 1.32 (1.14; 1.53) I²= 0.0 % P= 0.97). Finally, the use of analgesics (OR= 1.40 (1.00; 1.95) I²= 43.8 % P= 0.15) during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of neuroblastoma in the offspring. All these analyses did not reveal any indications of heterogeneity between the analyzed studies. The remaining 31 analyses showed no association. Our results suggest that the use of nitrosatable antibiotics during pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk of childhood cancer. Maternal intake of antibiotics and antiemetics may increase the risk of AL and ALL in their children. An increased risk of childhood neuroblastoma could be associated with prenatal exposure to analgesics. However, the underlying disease of the mother, which is treated with the investigated medication, could be the actual reason for the development of childhood cancer in the offspring. Citation Format: Alicia Lübtow, Manuela Marron, Rajini Nagrani, Wolfgang Ahrens, Lara Kim Brackmann. Prenatal exposure to medication and risk of childhood cancer - A systematic review and meta-analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 6371.

Is It Possible to Treat Multi-Resistant Bacteria Nowadays Without Using Any Kind of Antibiotics?

Introduction: We are facing an enormous increase in the number of multi-resistant bacteria worldwide and there are not enough antibiotics to treat them. The purpose of this study is to show that patients with multi-resistant bacteria have in their background, energy deficiency within their five internal massive organs according to the the five-element theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine which subsequently leads to the formation of internal Fire, that is one of the energy imbalances necessary to have adherence of bacteria inside tissues. Treating these energy alterations through correcting wrong eating habits, rebalancing the internal energy using Chinese medicine’s tools and replenishing the energy of these organs using highly diluted medications according to the theory of Constitutional Homeopathy of the Five Elements Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine to reduce the formation of internal Fire is the mode of treatment nowadays when facing patients with multiresistant bacteria infections. The conclusion of this study is to show that we need to treat the patient, and not just the disease the patient has, in order to effectively treat patients with multi-resistant bacterial infections.

Integrated double signal amplification systems with ELISA assay for sensitive detection of tylosin in food

ABSTRACT Tylosin (TYL) is a kind of antibiotics which promotes the development of animal husbandry, but it poses potential threats to food safety and human health. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a highly sensitive method for the detection of TYL. Here, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) combined with biotin–streptavidin (Bio-SA) system and hybridization chain reaction (HCR) technique (Bio-SA-HCR-ELISA) was developed. In the absence of the TYL, a strong fluorescence was generated through double signal amplification as signal output, while in the presence of TYL, the fluorescence intensity decreased. The results showed that the limit of detection for TYL was 0.39 ng/mL, and this method had a good specificity for 9 common antiboics. Compared to the traditional indirect competitive ELISA, the sensitivity of this method was 6.8 times higher. Additionally, the established double signal amplification Bio-SA-HCR-ELISA was used for detecting TYL in milk and honey, the LOD of this method were 4.9 and 2.5 ng/mL, respectively.

Association between antibiotic use and subsequent risk of prostate cancer: A retrospective cohort study in South Korea.

Several studies suggest that antibiotic use may affect overall cancer incidence, but the association between antibiotics and prostate cancer is still unclear. This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the association between antibiotics and the risk of prostate cancer. A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database. 1 032 397 individuals were followed up from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2019. Multivariable Cox hazards regression was utilized to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of prostate cancer according to accumulative days of antibiotic use and the number of antibiotic classes used from 2002 to 2006. Individuals who used antibiotics for 180 or more days had a higher risk of prostate cancer (aHR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.11-1.91) than those who did not use antibiotics. Also, individuals who used four or more kinds of antibiotics had a higher risk of prostate cancer (aHR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.07-1.30) than antibiotic non-users. An overall trend was observed among participants who underwent health examinations. Our findings suggest that long-term use of antibiotics may affect prostate cancer incidence. Further studies are needed to improve understanding of the association between antibiotic use and prostate cancer incidence.

Construction of NiP/Ni(OH)2/Ag-ZIF photocatalyst with 2-methylimidazole framework for rapid removal of tetracycline

Tetracycline (TC) is a kind of antibiotic that is difficult to be degraded by photocatalysis due to its stable molecular structure, and no ideal photocatalyst has been developed so far, thus developing a photocatalyst that can efficiently remove TC remains a challenge. In this work, a novel ternary photocatalyst of NiP/Ni(OH)2/Ag-ZIF (NNA) with 2 −Methylimidazole framework was constructed via a facile liquid phase reaction, in which the NiP is amorphous with particle size of about 3–5 nm, the Ni(OH)2 is nano-flake crystal with a one-dimensional diameter of about 200 nm, and the Ag-ZIF is a octahedral crystal with a side length of 4 µm. The NiP nano particles covered on the surface of Ni(OH)2 nanosheeps to form NiP/Ni(OH)2 heterojunction with flower-like structure and large BET area of 393.11 m2 g−1, which was further assembled with Ag-ZIF to form NiP/Ni(OH)2/Ag-ZIF composite with double heterojunction. The as-constructed NNA shows high removal capacity for TC, while 10 mg NNA was added into 100 mL 60 mg/L TC solution and exposed in visible light for 60 min, 91.3% of TC was removed. Meanwhile, the NNA shows good stability and reusability, which is attribute to the reversible of adsorption and desorption process of NiP/Ni(OH)2 for TC and the excellent photo-corrosion resistance of Ag-ZIF. The radical trapping and electron spin resonance (ESR) tests manifested that the superoxide radical (O2-) and the hydroxyl radical (·OH) play the key role in the degradation of TC.

Characterization of Bacillus subtilis (BR 610) isolated from the intestines of Rabbitfish, Siganus guttatus, maintained in Floating Net at Awerange Bay, Barru

The use of some species of Bacillus as a probiotic has been widely reported. In general, using probiotics in the exact isolation location will improve the performance of these probiotics. This study aims to characterize the Bacillus subtilis (BR610) isolate, successfully isolated from the intestines of Rabbitfish previously cultivated in the floating net of Awerange bay, Barru, South Sulawesi. The research includes morphological characterization of BR610 isolates, activity tests of amylase, cellulose, and proteinase enzyme. BR610 isolate inhibition test against several types of pathogenic bacterial isolates (Vibrio harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolitycus, and Streptococcus) as well as BR610 isolate resistance test against various kinds of antibiotics. The results showed that the Bacillus subtilis (BR610) has a spherical morphology, wavy edges, flat elevation, and is cream-white in color. BR610 can produce the enzyme amylase 20.36±17.8mm, proteinase 14.2±6.7mm, and Cellulose 20.9±2.7mm. These isolates can also inhibit the growth of V. harveyi (13.0±0.3mm), V. alginolyticus (15.1±2.8mm), V. parahaemolyticus (14.7±2.7mm), and Streptococcus (17.6±1.6mm). Bacillus subtilis BR610 is still worthy of being used as an environmentally friendly probiotic because it is still sensitive to several types of antibiotics tested.

Antibiotic prescription for children with acute respiratory tract infections in rural primary healthcare in Guangdong province, China: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to understand the characteristics and patterns of the first antibiotic prescriptions for children with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in rural primary healthcare (PHC) in...

Isolation and identification of some predominant bacteria and assessment of TNF-α level in serum of patients with gingivitis

This study was conducted to diagnose the aerobic bacterial species causing gingivitis, reveal the antibiotic susceptibility pattern and assess the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in serum of patients with gingivitis. In total, 110 samples (including patient group and control group) were collected during the period from November 2021 until March 2022. Of which, 80 samples were collected by using oral swabs from patients attending the College of Dentistry at Tikrit University and outpatient clinics of both gender with different age groups. While the remaining 30 samples were collected from healthy individuals representing the control group. Identification of bacterial isolates was performed depending on micro and macroscopic cultural characteristics and biochemical tests. In addition to assessing the biochemical characteristics of the isolates, a VITKE2 compact system was used to ensure the identification of species level. The TNF-α concentrations in the serum were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay known as a sandwich ELISA. Out of 80 samples, 60 (75%) samples showed positive bacterial growth cultures, while 20 (25%) samples showed no bacterial growth. The most common isolated bacteria species was Streptococcus mutans (18%), followed by Streptococcus mitis (13%), Staphylococcus aureus (12%) Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus pyogenes (8%) Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus feacalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsilla pneumoniae (6%), Rothia dentocariosa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4%), and Streptococcus pneumonia, Kocuria kristinae, Granulicatella adiacens (3%). The sensitivity of the bacterial isolates under study was tested to 11 antibiotics. Different species of bacteria showed various sensitivity patterns to several kinds of antibiotics. The study recorded a high significant difference (P=0.0007) between the patients (56.54 + 9.32 pg/ml) and the control group (31.88 + 7.44 pg/ml) concerning the level of TNF-α. In conclusion, the predominant bacteria identified from gingivitis patients were S. mutans and S. mitis. In addition, the levels of TNF-α in gingivitis patients were significantly higher than in the control group.

Studying the Prevalence of Multidrug Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Kirkuk City

Klebsiella pneumonia is an opportunistic pathogen causes several diseases including sepsis, pneumonia, and wound infections. There are two pathotypes of Klebsiella pneumonia: classical K. pneumoniae (cKp) and hypervirulent K. pneumonia (hvkp), which is an emerging variant of (ckp), clinically distinguished by invasive and multiple site infections. K.pneumoniae is also responsible for majority of human infections, and can infected healthy members of the community and hospitalized patients. A total 150 samples were collected from different hospitals in Kirkuk city during the period between November 2021 to June 2022. The age of patients ranged between (1– 60) years old with both sexes. These samples were highly recovered from females with a rate 66.67% compared to the males 33.33%. Thirty K. pneumonia (20%) was recovered from different clinical specimens including urine, sputum, burn and wound swabs. The current study reported that females are more likely to be infected with K. pneumoniae than man. Likewise, the most common age group infected with K.pneumoniae was between (20-40) with a rate of 63.33%. K.pneumoniae was commonly recovered from inpatients 53.33% compared with outpatients (46.67%). Antibiotic susceptibility test was conducted to all the isolates by using disc diffusion test towards 8 antimicrobial agents. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates showed multiple resistance against 3 or more of different antibiotic groups such as gentamicin 93%, ampicillin 96% and amoxicillin –clavulanate 90%, cefotaxime 83%, ceftazidime 96%, meropenem 36%, levofloxacin 76 %and gentamicin 93 %. K. pneumoniae isolated from inpatients and from sputum samples were more resistance to various kinds of antibiotics.

Machine learning-assisted photoluminescent sensor array based on gold nanoclusters for the discrimination of antibiotics with test paper

Antibiotic residues accumulation in the environment endangers ecosystems and human health. There is an urgent need for a facile and efficient strategy to detect antibiotics. Here, we report a photoluminescent sensor array based on protein-stabilized gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) for the detection of two families of antibiotics, tetracyclines and quinolones. The nanoclusters were synthesized with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ovalbumin (OVA), respectively. They had different interactions with seven kinds of antibiotics and exhibited diverse photoluminescence (PL) responses, which were analyzed by linear discriminant analysis and ExtraTrees algorithms. The sensor array performed well in both classification and quantification of seven antibiotics. And the quantitative results of all antibiotics obtained R2 of no less than 0.99 at 0–100 μM when using suitable regression models. Additionally, the sensor array was able to distinguish antibiotic mixtures and multiple interfering substances, and it also kept 100% classification accuracy in river water samples. Moreover, test paper assisted by a smartphone was applied for quick detection of antibiotics, with good performance in both HEPES buffer and river water. These studies reveal great potential for the point-of-use analysis of antibiotics in environmental monitoring.

Evaluation of the Diagnostic and Prognostic Potential of Circulating miR-34a in Neonatal Sepsis

Background Neonatal sepsis is a complex syndrome which is characterized by systemic inflammatory response. The high mortality rate of neonatal sepsis is contributed to late diagnosis and improper management. Aim of the Work The aim of this research is to examine the diagnostic utility of miR-34a in newborns with sepsis (who were newly diagnosed according to the clinical sepsis score and the hematology score of sepsis) and compare them to neonates without sepsis by using real-time PCR. Patients and Methods This study was conducted on 70 neonates from NICU of Ain Shams University hospital and permitted by Ain Shams ethical committee. Neonates were classified into two groups: 35 neonate with sepsis and 35 neonate without sepsis. In consideration, these neonates’ ages were ≥ 35 weeks, had no Congenital anomalies, Chromosomal abnormalities and had not been given any kind of antibiotics before obtaining blood specimens from them. Moreover, the study didn’ t include neonates with an inborn error of metabolism or any surgical procedures. Neonates without sepsis and neonates with sepsis were matched in terms of gender and age. In our study, blood samples of 2 ml were withdrawn from patients (within 72 hours from suspecting the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis) and from the control at matched gestation and postnatal ages, then patients were followed up. Results the obtained results showed that, the expression level of miR-34a was reduced by 5.2-fold in neonates with sepsis, with a P value of 0.001. Additionally, a negative correlation was detected between miR-34a expression level and either the clinical sepsis score (p = 0.163) and the hematology score (p = 0.122), and also a significant correlation was detected between the clinical sepsis and hematology scores in neonates with sepsis (p = 0.047). The study observed that, the miR-34a could discriminate neonates with clinical sepsis score, the biomarker sensitivity and specificity were 80% and 70%, respectively. In addition, the calculated sensitivity and specificity of miR-34a to discriminate neonates with hematology score were 85% and 87%; respectively. The cut-off value was &amp;lt;0.04 . Conclusion Based on the obtained results, there is a significant difference between the serum expression level of miR-34a and either the clinical sepsis score and hematology score . the lower expression level of miR-34a was detected in neonates with CSS &amp;gt;10. Similarly, the lower expression level of miR-34a was detected in neonates with high hematology score &amp;gt;4.

Young people exposure to antibiotics: Implication for health risk and the impact from eating habits of takeaway food

Exposure to antibiotics, mainly from animal food ingestion, may have adverse effects on human health. Takeaway food is the preferred choice for the dietary of most Chinese young people nowadays, but the relationship between takeaway eating and antibiotic exposure is not yet adequately understood. In the present study, 297 young people were recruited to collect urine samples and questionnaires with an emphasis on their takeaway eating habits. The internal exposure to 16 antibiotics and three metabolites was measured in urine samples by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, as well as a DNA oxidative damage marker, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). At least one kind of antibiotic was found in over 90 % of urine samples, with total concentrations from 0.667 to 3.02 × 104 ng/mL. High exposure levels of antibiotics were more likely to be found in individuals with a larger body mass index. The concentrations of six antibiotics were significantly different among people with different overall weekly eating frequencies, usually an upward trend. The estimated daily intakes of antibiotics were on the levels of 0.001–1.0 μg/kg/day, mainly contributed by clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin and oxytetracycline, indicating a potential health risk based on the microbiological effect. A significantly positive correlation was found between DNA oxidative damage and exposure for four categories of antibiotics, conformed by both Spearman correlation and multiple linear regression analysis. The levels of 8-OHdG were 355 %, 239 %, 234 %, and 334 % higher with elevated levels of phenicols, macrolides, tetracyclines and sulfonamides from quartiles 2 to 4. Our results suggest that high-frequency consumption of takeaways may exacerbate oxidative stress trends through human exposure to antibiotics.