Kind Of Accumulation Research Articles

The impact of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) retention in the vadose zone on nitrogen leaching losses

Leaching of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is a significant pathway for nitrogen (N) loss in agricultural ecosystems. The excessive application of N for enhanceing agricultural productivity often results in the leaching of N into groundwater. Yet not well understood, the extent of retention in the vadose zone has critical implications for risk management and remediation strategies. This study aims to advance simulation techniques for modelling the transport process of reactive DON within a heterogeneous vadose zone. Through a combination of laboratory experiments and numerical simulations, the study firstly examines the extent of DON retention in the vadose zone and quantitatively analyse groundwater contamination risk from this kind of accumulation. Our findings indicate that heavy N fertilizer application and high-intensity rainfall events led to elevated contents of DON in the vadose zone and increased DON leaching fluxes into groundwater. Besides, intensifier rainfall reduced the N storage more quickly in scenarios devoid of DON application with higher mineralization rate, while DON slowly mineralized to other forms, largely accumulated in the top layer and migrated deeper with intensifier rainfall after input of urea. In our scenarios, DON accounted for a substantial portion (33–68%) of the total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) leaching fluxes, with exogenous DON content contributing significantly (25–85%) to the overall DON leaching into the aquifer. These results underscore the need for effective strategies to mitigate groundwater contamination risks associated with agricultural N use.

INFLAMMATION AND RETENTION CYSTS OF FALLOPIEVYKH

When studying inflammatory changes in the fallopian tubes, we will distinguish the forms of inflammation without the formation of large accumulations of fluid in the cavity of the fallopian tube and the forms in which a similar kind of accumulation comes to the fore. Taking into account the importance of both anatomical and practical relations of such a duration, I will first outline the inflammation of the fallopian tubes (Salpingitis) in the course of this lecture, and the next I will devote to the analysis of the so-called retentive cystic tubes.

Similarities and differences between natural gas accumulations in Sulige gas field in Ordos basin and Xujiahe gas field in Central Sichuan Basin

Both Sulige gas field in the Ordos Basin and Xujiahe gas field in Central Sichuan Basin are large low-porosity and low-permeability gas fields composed of conventional gas reservoirs and unconventional gas accumulations, representing typical cases of low-grade natural gas accumulations in China. Studies show there are both similarities and differences between these two fields in terms of forming conditions, mechanism and distribution. The similarities include: (1) large-scale development of accumulation conditions and close source-reservoir contacts, providing basis for large-scale accumulations; (2) large-scale energy storage during source kitchen burial and large-scale gas expulsion during uplift, providing important conditions for large-scale natural gas accumulation; (3) coexisting volume flow and diffusion flow, giving rise to the co-existence of conventional gas reservoirs and unconventional gas accumulations; and (4) clustered lithologic gas accumulations on a large scale. The differences lie in: (1) different source-reservoir-seal assemblages, giving birth to two kinds of accumulations, i.e. large area accumulations and large-scale patchy accumulations; (2) different source kitchen continuity and gas supply potentials, leading to different enriched gas-bearing layer series and different abundances. Timely understanding of the similarities and differences between large-scale natural gas accumulations with low porosity and permeability in these two basins would be conducive to avoid risks and improve exploration success ratio and benefits.

“I Won’t Grow up”

“I Won’t Grow up” Kathryn R. Kent (bio) The Queer Child, or Growing Sideways in the Twentieth Centuryby Kathryn Bond Stockton. Series Q. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2009. Pp. 312, 44 illustrations. $79.95 cloth, $22.95 paper. Kathryn Bond Stockton, in her daring and often dazzling new book, The Queer Child(2009), not only expands upon but reconceives what it means to theorize children’s sexualities, the temporality of childhood, and the question of children’s erotic and economic agency. Building upon the work of James Kincaid, Lee Edelman, and Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, whose groundbreaking “How to Bring Your Kids Up Gay: The War on Effeminate Boys” (1993) perhaps inaugurates this inquiry, Stockton posits a set of tropes or truisms about Anglo-American queer children in the last century that no doubt will reorient any work on the subject in literary studies and beyond. In so doing, she posits fiction as a privileged site for such explorations, arguing that because queer children are “not a matter of historian’s writings or of the general public’s belief . . ., the silences [surrounding them are] broken and broken almost only—by fictional forms. Fictions literally offer the forms that certain broodings on children might take” (2). Such a stance, supported, albeit briefly, through a sketch of the conceptual limits of historical work on the emergence of childhood in Anglo-America in the last hundred years, reiterates implicitly the power of fiction (and film), one might even say the fictional, as a cultural force. Aesthetic representations occupy this privileged position, Stockton [End Page 331]argues, because of their different relation to temporality. Fiction enables challenges to conventional notions of time, which, she illustrates, is imagined as moving vertically. This conventional notion of time is instantiated most literally in the requirement that children “grow up” and achieve maturity most fully through heteronormative marriage and reproduction. In stalling, twisting, stretching time, Stockton claims fiction allows for “growing sideways,” movement through metaphor, the “spreading” of associations. As she notes, “Overall, I want to prick (deflate, or just delay) the vertical, forward-motion metaphor of growing up, and do so by exploring the many kinds of sideways growth depicted by twentieth-century texts” (11). She invokes Edelman’s criticisms of conventional notions of history as a linear assimilation of complexity into difference-denying fantasies of origin, identity, and periodization, but rejects his call to ignore history tout court.Instead, Stockton, through her discussion of the temporal queerness of childhood, proposes another version of it, arguing for history as just spread, a kind of accumulation that changes how we view sequence but has no real beginning or end: in a nod to Gertrude Stein, she writes, “History will just keep getting fatter” (39). Stockton, in her claims for this queer time, instantiates, to borrow terms from Sedgwick’s taxonomy, both universalizing and minoritizing versions of the queer child. On the one hand, all children are queer in the sense that they are “broadly strange” (3), simultaneously always already andnot yet straight, due to the invention of childhood as a period of sexual innocence (which ironically, in a Foucauldian twist, Stockton demonstrates, reveals the underlying cultural fear of an inherent childhood sexual perversity from which children must be protected). On the other hand, she posits the quasi-minoritizing figure of the “ghostly gay child (emblem and icon of children’s queerness)” (3). This figure represents a host of key associations: first, there is the notion of ghostly as semi-invisible, a metaphor for the “hazy” and “shadowed” lives of all children, which at base are fundamentally unavailable to adults: “The child is precisely who we are not and, in fact, never were. It is the act of adults looking back” (5). Completely unknowable, except through unreliable memory, these children, Stockton asserts, should not be abandoned to absolute otherness, but be reimagined through examinations of how they are figured centrally through fantasy and/as fiction. Whether any of what she argues thus applies to “real” children appears to be less interesting to her and in fact, in her account, almost necessarily impossible to determine. To some readers, especially those invested in making claims about the larger...

Mixed occupation during the Middle Palaeolithic: Case study of a small pit-cave-site of Les Pêcheurs (Ardèche, south-eastern France)

The Pêcheurs cave is a unique example of a Middle Palaeolithic site with three kinds of accumulations: (1) ibex that died in a natural trap, (2) carnivores that died within the cavity, and, (3) a series of short-term occupations by humans who left a few artifacts and a hearth area. Biological patterns of ibex remains (skeletal parts, age) show a homogeneous structure, related to natural death inside the cave. The Chassezac valley is narrow and sinuous, bordered by steep cliffs occupied by well-adapted hoofed-species ( Caprinae). Moreover, Les Pêcheurs is a shallow cave, pit-like, and in its deepest part (Sector 4) provided both man and animals with shelter. The presence of a fire place (in the middle of the sequence of Sector 4) firmly indicates the presence of an in situ occupation by a small group of hominids. According to the stratigraphical patterns and the analysis of the lithic assemblages, artifacts do not seem to have been introduced into sediments. The lithic assemblages (technically homogeneous) indicate that small mobile human groups inhabited a cave that offered, by virtue of its morphology, a natural shelter against the cold winds blowing in the Chassezac valley and the plateaus of the south-eastern borders of the Massif Central Mountains. The exploitation of biotopes such as this rocky area constitutes a specific case of human subsistence behavior and settlement strategy. The deepest layer is characterized by a lithic assemblage mostly made of local raw material (quartz) implying a low investment in lithic production. Few flakes made from non-local flints attest to the mobility of the human occupants who moved across these areas and perhaps found in the valleys, short-term refuge.

A produção política da economia: formas não-mercantis de acumulação e transmissão de riqueza numa sociedade colonial (Rio de Janeiro, 1650-1750)

Este artigo procura analisar as formas não-mercantis de acumulação existentes na sociedade colonial fluminense entre 1650 e 1750. Nosso objetivo é tanto o de conhecer as formas concretas assumidas por esse tipo de acumulação quanto aquilatar sua importância relativa, em comparação com a acumulação de capital em sentido estrito. Esse período é marcado por intensas transformações econômico-sociais na capitania, fruto tanto de sua evolução interna quanto de fenômenos que podemos considerar até certo ponto externos, como a descoberta de ouro e a conseqüente colonização do interior da América portuguesa. Assim, buscamos perceber igualmente como tão importantes transformações influenciaram nas estratégias de acumulação dos diversos grupos sociais locais no período.

Essai d'interpretation des transferts sous forme figuree dans les podzols du Quebec meridional a partir de l'etude micromorphologique des profils

In the podzolic soils of Southern Quebec, the migration of clay, silt and even fine sand particles results in the formation of various kinds of accumulations and organizations which develop during the podzolization process. The internal morphology of the accumulations is characterized by a coarse-layered structure, often irregular and presenting evidence of microerosion, and also by their weak orientation and birefringence. These accumulations do not integrate within the matrix and they are present in a large volume of soil, with no clear lower boundary. The horizons which form below the podzolic B horizons in the profiles developed in well-sorted, coarse sands, contain accumulations of clay particles mixed with organic matter and/or sesquioxides as coatings on the grains or agglomerates between the grains. In the loamy sandy tills, there is an horizon with silty caps which grades into a lamellar horizon at depth. In the loamy tills, the voids of the fragic horizon are partly blocked with accumulations of unsorted material.