Kidney Yang Deficiency Research Articles

Exploring and Verifying the Mechanism and Targets of Shenqi Pill in the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis via Network Pharmacology and Experiments.

Shenqi pill (SQP), a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herbal formula derived from Jinguiyaolue (Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber), has long been used to treat kidney yang deficiency syndrome. According to the TCM treatment principle that the liver and kidney are homologies, the clinical use of SQP in the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has achieved a good effect. However, the active targeted genes and underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the treatment mechanism of SQP in NASH rats, which may further contribute to the in-depth exploration of SQP in clinical applications. Network pharmacology analysis was used to screen the target genes of SQP for NASH treatment based on public databases. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, and protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis were used to search for crucial target genes and mechanisms. UPLC–MS/MS was used to verify the active compounds of the SQP screened. The hepatic pathology and biochemical indicators of rats were used to judge the modeling results and the curative effect of SQP. Western blotting and qRT–PCR were used to verify the expression of crucial target genes at the protein and RNA levels, respectively. Network pharmacology analysis and bioinformatics analysis showed that PTGS2, JUN, MYC, and CDKN1A might be crucial target genes in the primary mechanism of SQP in treating NASH and improving the inflammatory response. The UPLC–MS/MS results confirmed that the hub active compound, quercetin, screened out through the TCMSP database, is indeed present in SQP. Hepatic injury and lipid metabolism indicators of NASH rats were significantly improved after SQP treatment. The results of WB and qRT–PCR showed that the expression of PTGS2, JUN, MYC, and CDKN1A was higher in NASH rats than in normal rats and decreased after SQP treatment. The expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) was reduced after SQP treatment, which confirmed that SQP could improve hepatic inflammation in rats. These results suggested that SQP could ameliorate NASH in rats, and that quercetin may be the critical active compound that exerts the therapeutic effect.

Discussion on the Clinical Effect of Spleen Nourishing and Kidney Nourishing Therapy Combined with Acupuncture and Massage in the Treatment of Osteoporosis of Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency Type

Discussion on the Clinical Effect of Spleen Nourishing and Kidney Nourishing Therapy Combined with Acupuncture and Massage in the Treatment of Osteoporosis of Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency Type

Integrated RNA-Seq Analysis Uncovers the Potential Mechanism of the "Kidney Governing Bones" Theory of TCM.

Background As in philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the theory of “kidney governing bones” has been demonstrated by a series of scientific studies. Furthermore, many groups including ours have explored the molecular mechanisms related to bone development, growth, and regeneration using modern biology technologies, such as RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (ITRAQ), and have demonstrated that the underlying molecular mechanisms were highly consistent with the “kidney governing bones” theory. Objective Kidney-yang deficiency (YD), as a pathological condition, has a passive effect on the skeleton growth; more specifically, it is a state of skeletal metabolic disorder. However, the exact molecular mechanisms related to the “kidney governing bones” theory under the control of multiple organs and systems are still unknown. Methods In this study, we performed RNA-Seq analysis to investigate and compare the gene expression patterns of six types of tissue (bone, cartilage, kidney, testicle, thyroid gland, and adrenal gland) from YD rats and normal rats and analyzed the interaction effects controlled by multiple functional genes and signaling pathways between those tissues. Results Our results showed that, in the state of YD, the functions of bone and cartilage were inhibited. Furthermore, multiple organs involving the reproductive, endocrine, and urinary systems were also investigated, and our results showed that YD could cause dysfunctions of these systems by downregulating multiple functional genes and signaling pathways that positively regulate the homeostasis of these tissues. Conclusion We ensure that “kidney governing bones” was not a simple change in a single gene but the changes in complex biological networks caused by functional changes in multiple genes. This also coincides with the holistic view of TCM, which holds that the human body itself is an organic whole and the functional activities of each organ coordinate with each other.

Research Progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Premature Ovarian Failure

Premature ovarian failure refers to a disease in which women usually present with amenorrhea, infertility, decreased estrogen secretion, and increased gonadotropin before the age of 40. It seriously endangers women’s health, making them prone to various endocrine reproductive and even systemic disorders. Its pathogenesis remains unclear; however, it may be related to genetic, immune, enzyme deficiency, iatrogenic, cyclin, psychology, and other factors. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that its etiology is related to the kidney, liver, and spleen. It can be divided into kidney deficiency and liver depression syndrome, liver and kidney Yin deficiency syndrome, spleen and kidney Yang deficiency syndrome, and so on. Traditional Chinese medicine is mainly made up of oral Chinese medicine, acupuncture, and other therapies. Through literature research, this paper discusses the etiology, pathological mechanism, and treatment of premature ovarian failure in the field of traditional Chinese medicine.

CHU Hao-ran's experience in treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome with acupuncture and moxibustion

Professor CHU Hao-ran believes that the clinical diagnosis and treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome with acupuncture and moxibustion should concentrate on the integration of disease and syndrome differentiation. According to the evolution of pathogenesis, this disease is divided into 4 stages, i.e. invasion of exogenous pathogens, liver stagnation and spleen deficiency, spleen and kidney yang deficiency and interaction of cold and heat. Hence, the treatment should be provided by stages. Focusing on regulating the spleen and stomach, a specific acupuncture-moxibustion prescription is proposed, including Tianshu (ST 25), Zhongwan (CV 12), Zusanli (ST 36) and Shangjuxu (ST 37). Additionally, the combination of distal and nearby acupoints is considered and an unique needling manipulation, named the fight between dragon and tiger, is exerted. On the base of syndrome and meridian differentiation, the modern medicine is combined, stressing on the mind regulation and the mutual application of acupuncture and moxibustion in treatment. Eventually, a distinctive treatment system with acupuncture and moxibustion is formed for "regulating the spleen and stomach and differentiating meridians".

Modern biological connotation of diarrhea with kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome

Modern biological connotation of diarrhea with kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome

Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine for the Treatment of Diarrhea in Horses

Diarrhea is one of the most common clinical conditions in equine practice. The 4 most commonly seen TCVM Patterns are Spleen (GI) Damp-Heat, Liver Qi Stagnation, Spleen Qi Deficiency and Kidney Yang Deficiency. The top 5 acupoints for any of these Patterns are BL-20, BL-21, GV-1, SP-6 and SP-3. Damp Heat can be treated with the Chinese herbal medicine, Zhi Li Tang, while Liver Qi Stagnation can be treated by Xiao Yao San. Shen Ling Bai Zhu San can effectively treat Spleen Qi Deficiency and Si Shen Wan is good for Kidney Yang Deficiency.

HPLC-MS/MS based comparative pharmacokinetics of 12 bioactive components in normal and osteoporosis rats after oral administration of You-Gui-Wan.

You-Gui-Wan is a traditional Chinese patent medicine that has been extensively used to treat kidney-yang deficiency syndrome. An high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to measure contents of 12 components of You-Gui-Wan in rat plasma. Considering that pathological changes might directly affect the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs, this method was further applied to compare pharmacokinetics between normal and osteoporotic animals. The results indicated that osteoporosis significantly altered the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the 12 components. Thus, the pharmacokinetics of You-Gui-Wan evaluated under osteoporotic conditions was much closer to clinical practice than that in normal physiological states. Thus, the optimized analytical method, along with the pharmacokinetic evaluation in the osteoporotic model may offer a more comprehensive understanding to elucidate the anti-osteoporosis mechanism of You-Gui-Wan. These findings may aid in developing a more effective treatment plan for osteoporosis.

Profiling Alterations of the Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Characteristics and the Therapeutic Mechanism of Psoraleae Fructus in Treating Kidney-Yang Deficiency Syndrome Rats

Profiling Alterations of the Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Characteristics and the Therapeutic Mechanism of Psoraleae Fructus in Treating Kidney-Yang Deficiency Syndrome Rats

Guifu Dihuang Pills Ameliorated Mucus Hypersecretion by Suppressing Muc5ac Expression and Inactivating the ERK-SP1 Pathway in Lipopolysaccharide/Cigarette Smoke-Induced Mice.

Mucus hypersecretion is a hallmark of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is associated with increasing sputum production and declining pulmonary function. Therefore, reducing mucus secretion can be a new therapeutic opportunity for preventing COPD. The Guifu Dihuang pill (GFDHP) is a classical Chinese medicine and has been used as an immunoregulator for treatment of kidney yang deficiency syndrome, including hypothyroidism, adrenocortical hypofunction, chronic bronchitis, and COPD, for more than 2000 years. However, the protective effects and mechanisms of GFDHP against mucus hypersecretion in COPD remain obscure. The aim of the present study was to explore the inhibitory effects of GFDHP on lipopolysaccharide/cigarette smoke- (LPS/CS-) induced Mucin5ac (Muc5ac) overproduction and airway goblet cell hyperplasia in mice. The mice were randomly assigned into 6 groups: control, model, GFDHP-L, GFDHP-M, GFDHP-H, and dexamethasone. The mice were given LPS twice through intranasal inhalation and then exposed to CS daily for 6 weeks. Three doses of GFDHP were orally administered daily during the last 3 weeks of the experiment. Pulmonary function was examined with an EMKA pulmonary system, and pulmonary hyperpermeability and lung damage were evaluated with an in vivo imaging system. Inflammatory cells and cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected with a cell count analyzer and though ELISA analysis, respectively. Lung pathological changes and airway goblet cell hyperplasia were analyzed with hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian blue periodic acid Schiff staining. The protein expression levels of Muc5ac and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-specificity protein1 (SP1) signaling pathway were measured with Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that GFDHP improved pulmonary function and suppressed mouse pulmonary hyperpermeability and edema. GFDHP suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine release in BALF, thereby elevating pulmonary function. It ameliorated lung pathological changes and airway goblet cell hyperplasia, and suppressed expression levels of Muc5ac mRNA and protein and phospho-ERK and SP1 levels in the lung tissues of the COPD mice. In conclusion, GFDHP inhibited mucus hypersecretion induced by LPS/CS by suppressing the activation of the ERK-SP1 pathway.

Differentiation of Yin, Yang and Stasis Syndromes in Severe Aplastic Anemia Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Their Correlation with Iron Metabolism, cAMP/cGMP, 17-OH-CS and Thyroxine.

ObjectiveTo better understanding and differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in severe aplastic anemia (SAA) patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT) and their correlation with iron metabolism, cAMP/cGMP, 17-OH-CS and thyroxine.MethodsEighteen patients with SAA who underwent HSCT were enrolled. The syndrome was evaluated before conditioning and days after stem cell reinfusion (−10d, −1d, +7d, +30d, +60d, and +90d). The correlation of TCM syndrome (Yin, Yang, and stasis) to cyclic nucleotides, 17-OH-CS, thyroxine, and iron metabolism were analyzed and compared to data from normal subjects.ResultsMore “Yin deficiency” (n=11, 11/18) syndrome was observed before HSCT, and nearly 61% was complicated with “blood stasis”. After conditioning, the proportion of “kidney Yin and Yang deficiency” increased to 61.6%. Fourteen days after HSCT, the syndrome developed into “Spleen-Kidney Yang Deficiency,” and the stasis score decreased. On +90day, majority patients were diagnosed with “Kidney Yang Deficiency” (35.7%) or “Spleen-Kidney Yang Deficiency” (28.6%), and 88.9% were diagnosed without stasis. The correlation analysis showed that cGMP might represent “Deficient Yang” as well as low total triiodothyronine (T3) and free T3 (FT3). There was also a positive relation between labile plasma iron (LPI), hepcidin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), and “Yin deficiency”, and the last two factors, along with marrow nitric oxide synthase were also positively related to “Stasis” syndrome.ConclusionDuring HSCT, the syndrome evolved from “kidney Yin and Yang deficiency” to “kidney Yang deficiency” or “spleen–kidney Yang deficiency”, and the “stasis” along with “Yin deficiency” syndromes were quickly relieved within 90 days. The changes of cyclic nucleotides, 17-OH-CS, thyroxine, and iron metabolism indexes can be applied for better differentiation of TCM syndrome.

Effect of Geumgwe-Sinkihwan on Renal Dysfunction in Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Acute Renal Failure Mice.

Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is an important cause of acute renal failure (ARF). Geumgwe-sinkihwan (GSH) was recorded in a traditional Chines medical book named “Bangyakhappyeon” in 1884. GSH has been used for treatment for patients with diabetes and glomerulonephritis caused by deficiency of kidney yang and insufficiency of kidney gi. Here we investigate the effects of GSH in mice model of ischemic acute kidney injury. The mice groups are as follows; sham group: C57BL6 male mice, I/R group: C57BL6 male mice with I/R surgery, GSH low group: I/R + 100 mg/kg/day GSH, and GSH high group: I/R + 300 mg/kg/day GSH. Ischemia was induced by clamping both renal arteries and reperfusion. Mice were orally given GSH (100 and 300 mg/kg/day) during 3 days after surgery. Treatment with GSH significantly ameliorated creatinine clearance, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels. Treatment with GSH reduced neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), specific renal injury markers. GSH also reduced the periodic acid–Schiff and picro sirius red staining intensity in kidney of I/R group. Western blot and real-time RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated that GSH decreased protein and mRNA expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines in I/R-induced ARF mice. Moreover, GSH inhibited protein and mRNA expression of inflammasome-related protein including NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3, cryoprin), ASC (Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD), and caspase-1. These findings provided evidence that GSH ameliorates renal injury including metabolic dysfunction and inflammation via the inhibition of NLRP3-dependent inflammasome in I/R-induced ARF mice.

Identification of chemical constituents in vitro and in vivo of Er Shen Zhenwu Decoction by utilizing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Er Shen Zhenwu Decoction is a prescription for treating chronic heart failure of heart and kidney yang deficiency, while its active ingredients remain unclear and difficult to identify. This paper aims to apply a rapid assay strategy of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry to collect the mass spectrometry data of Er Shen Zhenwu Decoction and its decomposed recipes (monarch, minister, and assist). By comparing with retention time and MSE fragmentation patterns, 67 and 34 components in vitro and in vivo were identified, respectively, the main ingredients include saponins, terpenes, alkaloids, phenolic acids, tanshinone, urea, steroids, aromatics, organic acids, carbohydrates, and so forth, of which the monarch medicine>minister medicine>assist medicine. By comparison with reference standards, paeoniflorin, rosmarinic acid, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb1 and atractylenolide III were identified in vitro and paeoniflorin, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re and ginsenoside Rb1 were identified in vivo. In this study, the chemical ingredients of Er Shen Zhenwu Decoction were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry technology and each compound was grouped into the decomposed recipes. The identified substances can be used as references for Er Shen Zhenwu Decoction quality control and potential medicinal substances in chronic heart failure of heart and kidney yang deficiency treatment.

Metabolomics analysis of Semen Cuscutae protection of kidney deficient model rats using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

The traditional Chinese medicine syndrome "Kidney yang deficiency" is a kind of chronic kidney disease. With the development of society, the incidence of chronic kidney disease is increasing year by year, which also brings great economic pressure to people. Semen Cuscutae is an important traditional Chinese medicine to tonify liver and kidney, mainly used to tonify deficiency of liver and kidney, spleen and kidney deficiency and diarrhea. Although there are a lot of research at the molecular and cellular level to study the Semen Cuscutae on the treatment of Kidney yang deficiency syndrome, but there's no comprehensive research complete with metabolomics method from plasma, feces and urine metabolites aspects. The purpose of this study is to find the potential differential biomarkers of the Kidney yang deficiency model and blank group rats in plasma, urine and feces, and to investigate the mechanism of Semen Cuscutae in the treatment of Kidney yang deficiency syndrome. In this study, ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) was used to identify potential biomarkers. Through the analysis of metabolic profiles of plasma, urine, and feces, as well as multivariate statistical analysis and pathway analysis, the therapeutic mechanism of Semen Cuscutae for Kidney yang deficiency syndrome was described. The results showed that there were 69 differential metabolites in plasma, 93 differential metabolites in feces and 62 differential metabolites in urine, and the changes of the levels of these biomarkers showed that Semen Cuscutae had a good therapeutic effect on Kidney yang deficiency syndrome. Through the analysis of the channel, the metabolite changes mainly affected the steroid hormone biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, sheath lipid metabolism and biosynthesis of tyrosine, phenylalanine metabolism, retinol metabolism,taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, lysine degradation and vitamin B6 metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism. Therefore, the results suggested that Semen Cuscutae could exert a good therapeutic effect by reversing the levels of some biomarkers.

Discovering the main “reinforce kidney to strengthening Yang” active components of salt Morinda officinalis based on the spectrum-effect relationship combined with chemometric methods

Morinda officinalis, a well-known traditional herbal medicine in China, is used to treat deficiency of kidney-yang syndrome. Although this medicine has the property of “reinforcing kidney to strengthening Yang,” the chemical constituents responsible for this effect remain to be elucidated. Here, we aimed to identify the main active compounds responsible for reinforcing kidney to strengthening Yang, based on spectrum-effect relationships combined with chemometrics. We used the UPLC-diode array detection method to establish the chromatography fingerprint of M. officinalis. Hydrocortisone-induced and adenine-induced kidney-yang deficiency patterns were established to evaluate the efficacy of M. officinalis. Serum triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, thyrotropin, testosterone, cortisol, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, corticotropin-releasing hormone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels were determined as pharmacodynamic indices. Analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the weight of each index to the total pharmacodynamic contribution. Lastly, the spectrum-effect between the fingerprint and the pharmacological effects were established using grey relational analysis and partial least squares. Our findings indicated that peaks 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 20 might represent the main components that positively correlated to the total effect, of which four were identified by comparison with reference standards. The identified components were monotropein (peak 1), deacetyl asperulosidic acid (peak 3), asperulosidic acid (peak 8), and asperuloside (peak 9). Our results suggest that the “reinforce kidney to strengthening Yang” effects were attributable to the combined effects of the multiple chemical components of M. officinalis and provide a valuable method to identify the active “reinforce kidney to strengthening Yang” components of M. officinalis and establish the quality control of M. officinalis.

SURVEY THE VISCERAL SYNDROMES ACCORDING TO TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN PATIENTS WITH OSTEOARTHRITIS AT INTERNAL DEPARTMENT OF HUE CENTRAL HOSPITAL AND HOSPITAL OF HUE UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY

Background: Osteoarthritis is the most common clinical musculoskeletal disease and it affects health, work capacity, life, economy and society. There are not many studies on Visceral syndromes in osteoarthritis, although Visceral syndromes play an important role in the pattern identification and treatment in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to survey clinical and subclinical features of osteoarthritis based on modern medicine and Visceral syndromes according to traditional medicine in osteoarthritis patients. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study on 150 patients diagnosed and receiving treatment at Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital and Hue Central Hospital. Results: Liver and kidney yin deficiency (32.1%), liver blood deficiency (22.4%), spleen Qi deficiency (13.5%), Intense stomach fire (10.9%), kidney Qi deficiency (9.6%), heart and spleen deficiency (9.6%), kidney yang deficiency (1.9%). The common Visceral syndromes were mainly distributed in female patients over 65 years. Liver and kidney yin deficiency syndrome was more common in osteoarthritis of lumbar spine and osteoarthritis of knee. The syndrome of liver blood deficiency was found in all 3 osteoarthritis locations at similar rates. The syndrome of spleen Qi deficiency was more common in osteoarthritis of lumbar spine. Conclusion: osteoarthritis had common syndromes of liver and kidney yin deficiency, liver blood deficiency and spleen Qi deficiency. The common Visceral syndromes were mainly distributed in elderly female patients. Liver and kidney yin deficiency syndrome was more common in osteoarthritis of lumbar spine and osteoarthritis of knee Key words: osteoarthritis, Visceral syndromes, Traditional medicine.

Study on the Effect of Macrophages on Vascular Endothelium in Mice With Different TCM Syndromes of Dyslipidemia and its Biological Basis Based on RNA-Seq Technology

Background: “Treating the same disease with different methods” is a Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapeutic concept suggesting that, while patients may be diagnosed with the same disease, they may also have different syndromes that require distinct drug administrations.Objective: This study aimed to identify the differentially expressed genes and related biological processes in dyslipidemia in relation to phlegm–dampness retention (PDR) syndrome and spleen and kidney Yang deficiency (SKYD) syndrome using transcriptomic analysis.Methods: Ten ApoE−/− mice were used for the establishment of dyslipidemic disease–syndrome models via multifactor-hybrid modeling, with five in the PDR group and five in the SKYD group. Additionally, five C57BL/6J mice were employed as a normal control group. Test model-quality aortic endothelial macrophages in mice were screened using flow cytometry. Transcriptomic analysis was performed for macrophages using RNA-Seq.Results: A quality assessment of the disease–syndrome model showed that levels of lipids significantly increased in the PDR and SKYD groups, compared to the normal control group, p < 0.05. Applying, in addition, hematoxylin and eosin staining of aorta, the disease model was also successfully established. A quality assessment of the syndrome models showed that mice in the PDR group presented with typical manifestations of PDR syndrome, and mice in the SKYD group had related manifestations of SKYD syndrome, indicating that the syndrome models were successfully constructed as well. After comparing the differentially expressed gene expressions in macrophages of the dyslipidemic mice with different syndromes, 4,142 genes were identified with statistical significance, p < 0.05. Gene ontology analysis for the differentially expressed genes showed that the biological process of difference between the PDR group and the SKYD group included both adverse and protective processes.Conclusion: The differentially expressed genes between PDR syndrome and SKYD syndrome indicate different biological mechanisms between the onsets of the two syndromes. They have distinctive biological processes, including adverse and protective processes that correspond to the invasion of pathogenic factors into the body and the fight of healthy Qi against pathogenic factors, respectively, according to TCM theory. Our results provide biological evidence for the TCM principle of “treating the same disease with different treatments.”

THE FREQUENCY OF CLINICAL SYMPTOMS OF TONGUE, PULSE AND SYNDROMES ACCORDING TO TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN ASTHMA PATIENTS

Background: Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, which is usually characterized by chronic airway inflammation. It is a global disease that is not only life - threatening to patients but financial burden to family as well as the society. According to Traditional Medicine, Asthma is related to the scope of wheezing and dyspnea. There is a variety of symptoms and syndromes in this disease. However, the classification of symptoms and clinical forms of traditional medicine from different literature sources is not really the same. Objectives: To survey the frequency of occurrence of the tongue and pulse symptoms, syndromes clinical according to traditional medicine and Determine some factors related to the occurrence of clinical presentation in patients with Asthma. Materials and method: A cross sectional study 102 patients has been diagnosed with asthma and treatment at the Department of General Internal Medicine - Endocrinology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital and at the Department of Endocrinology - Neurology - Respiratory, Hue Central Hospital from 7/2020 đến 3/2021. Results: The symptoms of the tongue: About the tongue color: 27.5% pale tongue. About the tongue shape: 27.9% enlarged tongue. About the tongue fur: 56.7% white fur; 18.3% dry fur; 41% thick fur. The symptoms of the pulse: 72.1% sunken pulse, About frequency pulse: 25% rapid and a little rapid. The syndromes: lung qi deficiency is dominant in Asthma which accounts for 41.2%, kidney yang deficiency 25.5%, spleen deficiency 3.9%. Conclusion: Symptoms have high rate such as pale red tongue, white fur, moist fur thick fur, moderate pulse, sunken pulse. Symptoms have low rate such as wet fur, exfoliated fur. Lung qi deficiency and kidney yang deficiency have high rate and spleen deficiency have low rate. There were significant relationships between syndromes and tongue color, tongue fur color, and pulse frequency (p &lt; 0.05). Key words: frequency, symptoms of tongue, symptoms of pulse, syndrome, asthma, traditional medicine.

Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction attenuates Podocyte cytoskeletal protein damage in IgA nephropathy rats by regulating AT1R/Nephrin/c-Abl pathway

Ethnopharmacological relevanceHuangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction(HQGZWWD) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine formula from Synopsis of Golden Chamber used to treat blood arthralgia. According to the principle that the same treatment can be used for different diseases, HQGZWWD has proven effective for IgA nephropathy (IgAN) associated with spleen and kidney yang deficiency. Aim of the studyIn this study, we investigated the mechanism by which HQGZWWD alleviates proteinuria and protects renal function in rats with IgAN by regulating the AT1R/Nephrin/c-Abl pathway. MethodsRats were randomly divided into six groups: control, IgAN model, IgAN model treated with low-dose HQGZWWD, IgAN model treated with medium-dose HQGZWWD, IgAN model treated with high-dose HQGZWWD, and IgAN model treated with valsartan. IgAN was induced using bovine γ-globulin. We evaluated the mediating effects of HQGZWWD on podocyte cytoskeletal proteins, the AT1R/Nephrin/c-Abl pathway, upstream tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and TNF-α receptor-1 (TNFR1). ResultsThe IgAN rats displayed proteinuria, IgA deposition in the mesangial region, and podocyte cytoskeletal protein damage. The expression of TNF-α, TNFR1, AT1R, and c-Abl was increased in the IgAN rat kidney, whereas the expression of nephrin, podocin, ACTN4, and phosphorylated nephrin (p-nephrin) was reduced. HQGZWWD treatment significantly alleviated podocyte cytoskeletal protein damage in the IgAN rats, upregulated the expression of nephrin, podocin, and ACTN4, and the colocalized expression of F-actin and nephrin. This study demonstrates that HQGZWWD attenuates podocyte cytoskeletal protein damage by regulating the AT1R–nephrin– c-Abl pathway, upregulating the expression of p-nephrin, and downregulating the expression of AT1R and c-Abl. ConclusionsThese results indicate that HQGZWWD attenuates podocyte cytoskeletal protein damage in IgAN rats by regulating the AT1R/Nephrin/c-Abl pathway, providing a potential therapeutic approach for IgAN.

Influence of Dingkun Dan Combined with Estradiol Valerateon Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway in Rats with Thin Endometrium with Kidney-Yang Deficiency

To explore the influence for combination of Dingkun Dan with estradiol valerateon in treating rats with thin endometrium with Kidney-Yang deficiency based on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The estrous period 40 rats were randomly divided into the normal control group, the model group, the Dingkun Dan group, the estradiol valerateon group and the combination group, with 8 rats in each group. In addition to the normal control group, the rat model of thin endometrium with Kidney-Yang deficiency was established in other groups. The control group used free diet, the model group was given distilled water, the estradiol valerateon group was treated with progynova by gavage at 0.3 mg/(kg·d) , Dingkun Dan group was treated with Dingkun Dan by gavage at 2.26 g/(kg·d), and the combined group was given Dingkun Dan at 2.26 g/(kg·d) on the basis of progynova at 0.3 mg/(kg·d). After 3 estrous cycles, the rats were killed and harvested. HE staining was used to observe histopathologic changes in endometrium. The expression of VEGF in rats endometrium were detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of β-catenin, E-cadherin and MMP-9 protein in rat endometrium was detected by Western blot. Compared with the control group, the uterine cavity was narrowed or enlarged, the endometrium glands and blood vessels were sparse, and the endometrium was thinner significantly in the model group ( P<0.01); the levels of VEGF was decreased significantly ( P<0.01), while β-catenin, E-cadherin and MMP-9 were increased significantly ( P<0.01). Compared with the model group, more endometrial glands, rich intimal vessels, the endometrium were thickened significantly in the 3 treatment groups ( P<0.01 or P<0.05); the levels of VEGF was increased differently. The protein levels of β-catenin and E-cadherin were significantly decreased in each treatment group ( P<0.01), and MMP-9 were significantly decreased in the Dingkun Dan group and in the combination group ( P<0.01). Compared with the estradiol valerateon group, the level of β-catenin in Dingkun Dan group was higher, and MMP-9 was lower ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). The levels of β-catenin and MMP-9 in the combination group were significantly decreased ( P<0.01). Compared with the combination group, the levels of β-catenin was increased significantly, while decreased signicantly in Dingkun Dan group ( P<0.01 or P<0.05). Dingkun Dan combined with estradiol valerateon can increase the thicken of the endometrium by up-regulation of VEGF, while down-regulate of β-catenin, E-cadherin and MMP-9 in rats with Shen-Yang deficiency and thin endometrium.