Kidney Of Male Albino Rats Research Articles

THE EFFECTS OF ROSUVASTATIN EFFECT ON THE KIDNEY IN MALE ALBINO RATS

Background and Aim: Rosuvastatin is known to competitively inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, selectively and reversibly, this enzyme converts HMG-CoA to mevalonic acid in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, which is the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis. Rosuvastatin is one of the most important cholesterol-lowering stanins that has been on the market by AstraZeneca since 2003, with unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. There are some studies that dealt with the effect of rosuvastatin on the kidneys and were contradictory in their results. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of rosuvastatin (pharma science Incorporated company - Montreal/ Canada) on the physiological and histopathological parameters in the kidneys of male albino rats. Material and Methods: Forty adult of albino rats were used in the study. After acclimation, the rats were randomly divided into four groups (8 rats in each group) as follows: The first control group: was given normal saline solution (NS), the second group 10 mg/kg rosuvastatin, the third group was given 20 mg/kg rosuvastatin, while the fourth group was given 40 mg/kg rosuvastatin. The dose was continued for 60 days in a once-daily dosing regimen. After the end of the experiment, chemical analyzes were performed for kidney function, including cystatin C and vitamin D3. Then the rats were dissected, and kidney tissues were taken for histological study

Royal Jelly, A Super Food, Protects Against Celecoxib-Induced Renal Toxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats.

Celecoxib is a COX-2 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is widely used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. This study aimed to explore the effect of long-term administration of celecoxib on kidney of male albino rats, and to study the potential effect of treatment discontinuation on such tissues. The study also examined the alleged ameliorative effect of royal jelly (RJ). Fifty, male albino rats were divided into 5 equal groups; 10 each. Group 1: rats received no drug (control group). Group 2: rats received celecoxib (50 mg/kg/day, orally for 30 successive days). Group 3: rats received celecoxib (50 mg/kg/day, orally) and royal jelly (300 mg/kg/day, orally) for 30 successive days. Group 4: rats received celecoxib for 30 successive days, then rats were left untreated for another 30 days. Group 5: rats received celecoxib and RJ for 30 successive days, then rats were left untreated for another 30 days. Long-term celecoxib administration caused significant elevation in kidney function tests, with ameliorative effects of RJ against celecoxib-induced renal toxicity. Long-term celecoxib administration caused renal toxicity in male albino rats, with ameliorative effects of RJ.

Impact of Empagliflozin on the Kidneys of Male Albino Rats

Impact of Empagliflozin on the Kidneys of Male Albino Rats

Catastrophic consequences of the enormous use of hydroxychloroquine during COVID era on liver and kidney of male albino rats: an in-vivo study

Background: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is mainly used for the treatment of malaria but during COVID trial, it was used against coronavirus though no history of the drug is known against SARS COV 2 or any other respiratory ailment. Many case studies showed the adverse effects on liver and kidney in many patients after the exposure of HCQ. The main aim of this study is to know the effect of HCQ drug on the liver and kidney of male albino rat at a range of human equivalent dose that was given during COVID period. Methods: After institutional animal ethics committee (IAEC) approval, ten male albino rats were obtained and divided into two groups-control and treated. Treated groups receives HCQ through oral gavage for six days and then serum, tissue enzymes and total serum bilirubin were measured. Histopathological study was done from liver and kidney tissue. After that statistical analysis was done. Results: We found significant increase in enzymes glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the HCQ-treated rats than in control and this signifies that there might be damages that occurred in liver and kidney. Increased level of bilirubin in HCQ-treated rats indicate hyperbilirubinemia and may be a sign of jaundice or any other hepatic disorder. From histopathological identification we also found liver and kidney tissues got damaged due to exposure of HCQ. Conclusions: From this study, we can conclude that the exposure of this drug might have led to the impaired function of organs that could have potentiated their ill fate.

Effect of oral administration of Fadogia cienkowskii Shweinf. (Rubiaceae) ethanol root extract on some semen parameters, testes, epididymis, liver and kidney of male albino rats

The use of medicinal plants to enhance sexual performance and satisfaction is practiced in many regions of the world. Many of these plants are used with little or no scientific information about their effects on the body including effect on vital sex organs like testes and epididymis. Fadogia cienkowskii is a flowering plant whose roots are used in some communities in Africa for the management of sexual dysfunction and infertility. There is paucity of information however, on its effect on semen quality, gonads, liver and kidney after oral administration, thus the need for this study. Four groups of male albino rats were orally administered with 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/Kg body weight of Fadogia cienkowskii ethanol root extract for 40 days. The rats were humanely euthanized on the 41st day. Blood was collected and processed for serum biochemical analysis, while samples of tissues from the testis, epididymis, liver and kidney were processed for histo-pathological examination. Semen was retrieved from the caudal epididymis and used to determine some semen quality parameters. At 200 mg/kg, the extract significantly increased sperm count and the testes and epididymis histo-architecture did not show any pathology. The serum biochemical parameters of liver and kidney function showed no pathologic alterations; however, the liver and kidney histology showed various degrees of pathological lesions. It was concluded that 70% ethanol root extract of Fadogia cienkowskii increased sperm count at 200 mg/kg dose, not toxic to the testes and epididymis but suggestive of liver and kidney toxicity.

Effects of Psychoactive Substances on Some Biochemical Parameters and Histopathology of Kidney in Male Albino Rats

Effects of Psychoactive Substances on Some Biochemical Parameters and Histopathology of Kidney in Male Albino Rats

Does Omeprazole, the Proton-Pump Inhibitor, Affects the Structure of the Kidney of Male Albino Rats? Histological and Laboratory Study.

This study was done to assess the injurious effects of omeprazole by an in vivo experimental study on rat kidneys. Forty-two adult male albino rats were divided into four groups: Control group (I) in which rats were not administrated any treatment. In Groups IIa, IIb, and IIc rats received daily oral omeprazole in dose of 0.75 mg per kg for 2, 4, and 6 weeks, respectively. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen measurement. Then, animals were sacrificed, and kidney specimens were processed for paraffin blocks, sectioned and stained with H and E, Mallory trichrome and Periodic acid-Schiff, then examined by the light microscope. Stained sections and image analysis were used to count vacuolated cells, pyknotic nuclei, tubular casts, and area percent of collagen fiber deposition, and then, data were subjected to the statistical analysis. Examination of omeprazole-treated groups showed injury of renal corpuscles, renal tubules, and vascular congestion with inflammatory cell infiltrate in renal interstitium. Thickening of basement membrane with deposition of collagen fibers was also detected. Statistically significant increase in the number of vacuolated cells, pyknotic nuclei, hyaline casts, and area percentage of collagen fiber deposition as compared with the control group was noticed, with deterioration of renal function tests. It was concluded that the long-term use of omeprazole resulted in structural damage of rat renal tissue associated with deterioration of renal function in a time-dependent manner.

Heavy Metals (Cadmium and Arsenic) Bioaccumulation and Their Impact on Antioxidant Status in Liver and Kidney of Male Albino Rats

Cadmium and arsenic are the most common environmental toxicants that pose adverse impact on human health upon their entry. Cadmium and arsenic are not metabolized or excreted easily and hence gets bioaccumulated in different organs leading to an escalation in their concentration promoting suppression of antioxidants status and causes organ damage. The present study was designed to evaluate the toxicity of cadmium and arsenic both individually and in combination in the liver and kidney of male albino rats. Wistar strain male albino rats were treated with cadmium as cadmium chloride (CdCl2) at a dose of 22.5 mg/kg body weight (1/10th LD50 / 96 h) and arsenic as sodium arsenate (Na3AsO4) at a dose of 42 mg/kg body weight (1/10th LD50 / 96 h) for a time interval of 30 days. The rats were sacrificed after a specific time interval, Cd bioaccumulation and oxidative stress enzymes were calculated in liver and kidney. The present study results suggest that Cd was more toxic to kidney and As was more toxic to liver, but combined treatment might have showed antagonistic effects to each other. It suggests that combined administration might promote MT protein synthesis that helps in the production of antioxidants and depletes toxicity levels.

The effect of alcoholic extract of Nerium oleander leafs on some biochemical parameters and function of liver and kidney in white rats

The present study was conducted to know the effect of alcoholic extract of Nerium oleander leafs on some biochemical parameters as well as the histological changes in liver and kidney in male albino rats. Twenty mature albino rats were randomly divided one word groups: control group and treatment group. Control group was treated with drinking water for (6 weeks), while treatment group was treated with 4 mg/kg B.W of alcoholic extract of Nerium oleander leafs. Blood samples were collected every 3 weeks to make biochemical parameters. The results showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in Total protein , albumin and significant increase (P<0.05) in amino transmission enzymes concentration (AST and ALT) , urine and keratinin concentration in treatment group compared with control group. The study reveals high toxic effect of plant on all body tissues.

Effect of Usage of the Proton Pump Inhibitor Omeprazole on the Structure of the Kidney of Male Albino Rats

Abstract Introduction Recent clinical observational studies claimed that long term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) might lead to kidney injury that might progress to end-stage renal disease. Aim of the work Was to verify these claims by an in vivo experimental study in the rat. Materials &methods Fourty two adult male albino rats were assigned in four groups Control group (I) in which rats were not administrated any treatment . In groups IIa, IIb, IIc rats received daily oral omeprazole in dose of 0.75mg per kg. for 2,4,or 6 weeks successively. At the end of experiment, blood samples were collected for serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) measurement. Then animals were sacrificed and kidney specimens were processed into paraffin blocks, sectioned and stained with H&E, Mallory trichrome &PAS. Stained sections and image analysis were used to count vacuolated cells, pyknotic nuclei, tubular casts and area precent of collagen fiber deposition then data was subjected to statistical analysis. Results Histological examination of renal sections from omeprazole treated group showed sectional kidney injury in renal corpuscle, renal tubules and sever vascular congestion with inflammatory cell infiltrate in renal interstitium . Thickening of basement membrane was seen by PAS, while progressive increase in collagen fiber deposition was detected by Mallory trichrome stain . Morphometry, image analysis statistical analysis confirmed histological findings. Statistical significant increase in number of vacuolated cells, pyknotic nuclei, hyaline casts and area percent of collagen fiber deposition compared with control group. Clear deterioration of renal function tests was observed across the 3 time points of the study compared with the control with highly significant rise of serum creatinine in 4 & 6 weeks group compared with the control. Results of the study were time -dependent with the worst damage in the 6 week group (IV). Conclusion The present study declared that long term use of omeprazole resulted in structural damage of rat renal tissue with associated deterioration of renal function in a time dependent manner. Extreme caution should be taken with clinical prescription of omeprazole and close monitoring of renal function is highly recommended.

Evaluation Of Histological Changes In Kidney Of Male Albino Rats Treated With Silver Nanoparticles

The wide uses of silver nanoparticles in the industrial, medical and cosmetic fields with it ease of entry into human body and absorption by gastrointestinal tract there for designed this study to find out the effect of silver nanoparticles on the tissue structure and functional performance of the kidney, because the process of filtering blood takes place widely in the kidney. 24 male albino rats were used for the experimental study, the rats were divided into three groups, first groups(control) dosage with normal saline solution (Injected intraperitoneal), second group (treatment) dosage with AgNPs0.75mg/kg of body weight and third group (treatment) dosage with AgNPs 1.5mg/kg of body weight. Each concentration of AgNP was dissolved in1ml of normal saline and all experimental male rats were injected via intraperitoneal with single dose /day for30 days. The resultsin this study showed tissue damage in the kidney such as vacuolar and fatty degeneration in renal tubules with pyknic nucleus in glomerulus also appear massive aggregation of mononuclear cells around blood vessels with hemorrhage and hemosiderin in renal tubules with occurrence the amyloid inside the blood vessels with necrosis in different cells associated with malfunction of kidney Shown in significant difference in urea, uric acid and creatinine when compare with control group. Histopathological changes associated with the dysfunction of the kidneys due to the effect of nanoparticles directly on the cells such as the occurrence of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation has key role in the events of structural and functional disorders in the kidney of male albino rats.

Antioxidant Role of Carvacrol Against Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity Induced by Propiconazole in Rats

Propiconazole is a broadly used fungicide that leaves residues in food and water causing severe dangerous effects on humans and animals. The current investigation was performed to evaluate the propiconazole toxicity on the liver and kidney of male albino rats and to assess the protective role of carvacrol against these adverse effects. Sixty male Wistar albino rats were used in this experiment and were divided into four equal groups: control group, propiconazole group, carvacrol group, and propiconazole + carvacrol group. Rats were treated daily by oral gavage for 60 days with propiconazole (75 mg/kg) and/or carvacrol (50 mg/kg). The results demonstrated that exposure to propiconazole resulted in a significant elevation in serum biomarkers that indicate malfunction of the liver and kidney. Additionally, exposure to propiconazole resulted in oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation manifested by a significant reduction in glutathione content and catalase activity, and a significant increase in malondialdehyde content in the liver and kidney. These toxic effects were confirmed by histopathological studies and DNA laddering assay. Conversely, carvacrol reduced propiconazole-induced detrimental effects and improved the histopathological pictures of both liver and kidney tissues. Therefore, carvacrol can be used as a prophylactic natural compound against propiconazole-induced toxic effects in the liver and kidney.

Protective effect of Thymus munbyanus aqueous extract against 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats

The aim of the present study was to examine the possible protective effects of the aqueous extract of Thymus munbyanus (TMAE) against 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)-induced oxidative stress and renal injury in the kidney of male albino rats. Furthermore, TMAE was assessed to determine the phenolic content. In vitro, antioxidant activities were evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging, inhibition of β-carotene bleaching, and reducing power. The results showed that TMAE contained high amounts of phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins. Additionally, 24 rats were randomly divided into four groups: a control group, and three groups treated with TMAE (10 mL/kg body weight), 2,4-D (5 mg/kg body weight), and 2,4-D/combined with the TMAE for 4 weeks. Treatment with 2,4-D induced kidney dysfunctions demonstrated as an increase in the potential markers of renal filtration, namely urea and creatinine, associated with a decrease in uric acid. Moreover, 2,4-D increased malondialdehyde and carbonyl protein levels. Additionally, reduced glutathione (GSH) content, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were significantly decreased. Our results demonstrated that oral TMAE supplementation in 2,4-D-treated rats improved and restored some blood parameters and alleviated the adverse cytotoxic effects of 2,4-D by increasing certain antioxidants, consequently attenuating the intensity of oxidative stress induced by 2,4-D; this was confirmed by the histological improvements observed in the kidneys. In conclusion, TMAE demonstrated potential as a natural antioxidant, effectively alleviating 2,4-D induced kidney oxidative injury.

Negative effect of therapeutic, double and overdoses of cefixime on the liver and kidneys of male albino rats

Negative effect of therapeutic, double and overdoses of cefixime on the liver and kidneys of male albino rats

Histological Effects of Sofosbuvir on The Kidney of Male Albino Rats and The Possible Protective Role of Vitamin C

Aim of the work: hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major worldwide public health issue. Direct Acting Antiviral Drugs (DAA) is a revolution that occurred in treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV). The Second class of DAA is HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitors (Which included Sofosbuvir) was shown to be effective in suppression of HCV replication and became an important component of currently recommended regimens. Material and Methods: forty adult male albino rats (Rattus norvigicus) weighting 140±20g were selected for this 36-days experiment The rats were randomly categorized into six groups (10 animals each for the first four groups and the remaining groups VV periodic Acid Schiff technique (PAS) for studying of general carbohydrate ; Masson’s trichrome stain for detecting the collagen fibers and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to detect the ultrastructural changes induced by Sofosbuvir. Results: the present study showed that group II which received the therapeutic dose of Sofosbuvir (0.06 mg/gm./body weight) showed renal tubular affection compared to the control rats. Tubular affection included massive tubular vacuolization especially cells of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. Group III which received the toxic dose of Sofosbuvir (0.25 mg/gm./body weight) resulted in glomerular affection compared to the control rats. Conclusion: the present study provided promising results about reduction of Sofosbuvir nephrotoxicity by the concomitant use of vitamin C.

Histological Effects of Sofosbuvir on The Kidney of Male Albino Rats and The Possible Protective Role of Vitamin C

Histological Effects of Sofosbuvir on The Kidney of Male Albino Rats and The Possible Protective Role of Vitamin C

Renal Protective Effect of Ginkgo biloba and L-carnitine Extracts against Pentylenetetrazol Induced Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, Injury and Proliferation Alternation in Epileptic Rats

Objectives: Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBLE) and L-carnitine extract are a commercial product used as a nutraceutic herbal widely. They have antioxidant and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger. This study hypothesized that GB and L-carnitine may have protective effects against pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induced oxidative damage in kidney in male albino rats.
 Materials and Methods: A total of 80 male albino rats were equally divided into eight groups (G1, control; G2, GBLE; G3, L-carnitine; G4, Pentylenetetrazole; G5&G6, pre and post treated PTZ with L-carnitine groups respectively; G7&G8, pre and post treated PTZ with GBLE respectively). Results: Serum urea, creatinine, uric acid and cystatin c were significantly increased in PTZ group when compared with control. Also; kidney homogenate MDA and DNA fragmentation were increased when compared with control while, significant decrease in CAT, SOD, GST and TAC in PTZ when compared with control. On other hand pre and post-treatment with L-carnitine and GBLE improved these parameters.
 Conclusions: The results revealed that; the treatment with L-carnitine improved these parameters more than GBLE and the results of post treatment were better than pre-treatment.

Effect of Ginseng Panax on the Histological Structure of the Liver and Kidney in Healthy Male Albino rats

This study was performed to investigate the histological effect by ginseng in the liver and kidney of male albino rats. The study was conducted on 30 rats. The animal was divided in to 6 groups. The first group was given distilled water and used as a control group. The second and third groups were orally administered (3 and 5 mg/kg ginseng of body weight) for two weeks respectively. The fourth and fifth group were orally administered (3–5 mg/kg ginseng of body weight) for three weeks respectively. The sixth group were orally administered (3–5 mg-kg ginseng of body weight) for four weeks. Histological changes which observed in the liver were lost the nuclei (karyolysis) and degenerated and vacuolation of cytoplasm. in the kidney the change degenerated of epithelial cell and presence debris. The aim of this study effect of ginseng the change histology.

PROTECTIVE AND THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF OLIVE OIL AND FICUSCARICA ON THEHISTOLOGICAL ANDCYTOLOGICAL INJURIESOF LIVER AND KIDNEY IN -IRRADIATED MALE ALBINO RATS

The present study was designed to determine the possible protective and therapeutic effects of olive oil and/or Ficus carica against radiation-induced cytological and histological changes in liver and Kidney of male albino rats. Irradiation was performed by whole-body exposure of rats to an acute single dose gamma radiation of 6 Gy. Irradiated rats received, via gavage, extra virgin olive oil (7.6 ml/kg b.wt), and/or extract of Ficus carica fruit (1 g/kg b.wt) before and/or after radiation exposure. Six rats were sacrificed on the 1st and 15th-day post-irradiation exposure at the control and treated irradiated subgroups. Time duration for this experiment was one month.The γ-Irradiation treated group revealedhisto pathological alterations in the hepatic and renal tissues on the 1st and 15th-day post-irradiation as compared to the control rats. The administration of the olive oil and/or Ficus carica showed beneficial results against the deleterious effects of γ-irradiation. A better ameliorative effect was noticed with the combined treatments that revealed the synergistic effect between them.In conclusion, the administration of the olive oil and/or Ficus carica provides considerable radioprotective and radiotherapeutic effects against whole body γ-radiation in male Wistar albino rats.

Effects of subacute 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol treatment on the kidney of male albino rats

ABSTRACT3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) is a well-known food contaminant. Although the kidney is thought to be a target organ for 3-MCPD toxicity, nephrotoxic structural changes are relatively unstudied. We investigated the renal alterations caused by 3-MCPD in male albino rats. 3-MCPD was administered orally, at a dose of 60 mg/kg for 7 days. 3-MCPD caused significant elevation of serum creatinine and urea levels together with hydropic degeneration, necrosis and shedding of the cells of the proximal convoluted tubules, urinary casts in the distal convoluted tubules and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration. Administration of 3-MCPD for a period as short as 7 days causes acute renal failure in male albino rats.