Kidney Day Research Articles

Management guidelines of common kidney disorders relevant to South Africa

World Kidney Day (WKD), an annual event, is celebrated on 8 March 2012. As a project for WKD, the National Kidney Foundation of South Africa (NKFSA) has arranged for a group of experienced senior nephrologists from around the country to contribute to a guideline booklet presenting the diagnosis and state-of-the-art management of renal disorders. Its main aim is to educate and update general practitioners, but it should also be useful for under- and postgraduate students, urologists and specialist physicians. The guideline is being edited and will be sent to the South African Renal Society for their endorsement. We aim to publish the guideline as a supplement to the South African Medical Journal. We thank the contributors to and supporters of the project, and the National Lotteries Distribution Trust Fund for

The global role of kidney transplantation

World Kidney Day on March 8, 2012 provides a chance to reflect on the success of kidney transplantation as a therapy for end-stage renal disease that surpasses dialysis treatments in terms of cost-effectiveness and improving quality and length of life.

The Global Role of Kidney Transplantation

World Kidney Day on March 8th 2012 provides a chance to reflect on the success of kidney transplantation as a therapy for end stage kidney disease that surpasses dialysis treatments both for the quality and quantity of life that it provides and for its cost effectiveness. Anything that is both cheaper and better, but is not actually the dominant therapy, must have other drawbacks that prevent replacement of all dialysis treatment by transplantation. The barriers to universal transplantation as the therapy for end stage kidney disease include the economic limitations which, in some countries place transplantation, appropriately, at a lower priority than public health fundamentals such as clean water, sanitation and vaccination. Even in high income countries the technical challenges of surgery and the consequences of immunosuppression restrict the number of suitable recipients, but the major finite restrictions on kidney transplantation rates are the shortage of donated organs and the limited medical, surgical and nursing workforces with the required expertise. These problems have solutions which involve the full range of societal, professional, governmental and political environments. World Kidney Day is a call to deliver transplantation therapy to the one million people a year who have a right to benefit.

The global role of kidney transplantation.

World Kidney Day on 8 March 2012 provides a chance to reflect on the success of kidney transplantation as a therapy for end-stage kidney disease that surpasses dialysis treatments both for the quality and quantity of life that it provides and for its cost effectiveness. Anything that is both cheaper and better, but is not actually the dominant therapy, must have other drawbacks that prevent replacement of all dialysis treatments by transplantation. The barriers to universal transplantation as the therapy for end-stage kidney disease include the economic limitations which, in some countries, place transplantation, appropriately, at a lower priority than public health fundamentals such as clean water, sanitation, and vaccination. Even in high-income countries, the technical challenges of surgery and the consequences of immunosuppression restrict the number of suitable recipients, but the major finite restrictions on kidney transplantation rates are the shortage of donated organs and the limited medical, surgical, and nursing workforces with the required expertise. These problems have solutions which involve the full range of societal, professional, governmental, and political environments. World Kidney Day is a call to deliver transplantation therapy to the 1 million people a year who have a right to benefit.

The prevalence of obesity and its relationship with hypertension in an urban community: Data from world kidney day screening programme

Background : Obesity is a global health problem that is linked directly with several disease processes, notably hypertension. Aims : The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight/obesity and to examine its relationship with hypertension in an urban community in a developing country. Materials and Methods : We conducted a cross-sectional survey of participants aged ≥18 in Lagos, an urban community in southwest Nigeria, on every World Kidney Day from 2006 to 2010. Data on age, gender, body mass index, blood pressure and urinalysis were obtained. Results : 1368 participants were studied comprising of 720 (52.6%) males, mean age overall was 41.9± 12.9 years. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 32.7% and 22.2% respectively. Obesity was highest among those in the 45-54years age group and also higher in women compared with men with prevalence rate of 29.5 % in women versus 15.7% in men; X 2 = 37.45, p 65years (58%). Obese subjects had 2.59 increased odds of developing hypertension (95% CI: 1.89 - 3.56). Forty-nine (3.6%) subjects had proteinuria; 4.9% obese subjects versus 2.4% of non-obese subjects had proteinuria; X 2 = 3.87 p = 0.049. Conclusion : This study indicates that hypertension and obesity are highly prevalent in Lagos. Obesity is a strong independent risk factor for hypertension. Therefore concerted efforts should be made to control this unwholesome trend by promoting health education with emphasis on associated risk factors for obesity such as eating habits and weight gain. Keywords : Obesity, overweight, excess weight, hypertension

World Kidney Day 2010: Medical Aspects of 10 Live-Donor Renal Transplantations in a Single Center From a Developing Country

BackgroundWorld Kidney Day (WKD) has become the most widely celebrated event associated with kidney disease in the world and the most successful effort to raise awareness among both the general public and government health officials about the dangers of kidney disease. We celebrated WKD 2010 in a unique way by performing 10 live-donor renal transplantations (RTx) on March 11, 2010. Patients and MethodsWe report a single-center experience on RTx vis-à-vis patient/graft survival, graft function in terms of serum creatinine (SCr) level, and rejection episodes in 10 live-donor RTx performed on WKD. Recipient diseases leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were chronic glomerulonephritis (60%), benign nephrosclerosis (20%), and chronic interstitial nephritis (20%). Mean recipient age was 35 ± 8.7 years. Nine recipients were males. Mean donor age was 37 ± 8.7 years, Nine donors were females. Donors were spouse (n = 6), mother (n = 2), sister (n = 1), and extended family member (n = 1), with mean HLA match 1.8 ± 1.48. All patients received steroids, calcinueurin inhibitors, and mycophenolate mofetil/azathioprime for maintenance immunosuppression. ResultsDuring a mean follow-up time of 18 months, patient and graft survival rates were 90% and 90%, respectively, with a mean SCr level of 1.21 mg/dL; 20% had biopsy-proven acute rejection. One patient died due to infection after antirejection therapy. ConclusionRTx has acceptable graft and patient survival. RTx is the best cost-effective therapeutic modality for patients suffering from ESRD and should be encouraged in view of organ shortage on events such as WKD. To our knowledge, this is the first report from a developing country on 10 successful RTx on WKD.

The global role of kidney transplantation

World Kidney Day on March 8, 2012, provides a chance to reflect on the success of kidney transplantation as a therapy for end-stage kidney disease, which surpasses dialysis treatments both for the quality and quantity of life it provides and for its cost effectiveness. Anything that is both cheaper and better but is not actually the dominant therapy, must have other drawbacks that prevent replacement of all dialysis treatment by transplantation. The barriers to universal transplantation as the therapy for end-stage kidney disease include the economic limitations, which in some countries, place transplantation, appropriately, at a lower priority than public health fundamentals such as clean water, sanitation and vaccination. Even in high-income countries, the technical challenges of surgery and the consequences of immunosuppression restrict the number of suitable recipients, but the major finite restrictions on kidney transplantation rates are the shortage of donated organs and the limited medical, surgical and nursing workforces with the required expertise. These problems have solutions which involve the full range of societal, professional, governmental and political environments. World Kidney Day is a call to deliver transplantation therapy to the 1 million people a year who have a right to benefit from it.

Evaluation of an Instrument for Screening Patients at Risk for Chronic Kidney Disease: Testing SCORED (Screening for Occult Renal Disease) in a Portuguese Population

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing and CKD has a long asymptomatic phase suitable for screening. SCORED (Screening for Occult Renal Disease) is a prescreening test which has compared favorably with KEEP. We report the results of SCORED testing in subjects attending a World Kidney Day event. After SCORED, subjects were tested for creatinine, urinary albumin and creatinine, and renal ultrasound. Eighty-eight subjects participated (32 men; mean age 59.7 ± 14.8 years; 58% hypertensive and 15.9% diabetics) of which 60 had a high score for kidney disease. Thirty-eight of 47 (80.8%) subjects that were further evaluated had a high-risk score. All subjects with CKD had a high score (100% sensitivity). SCORED showed low specificity (24.3%), but a high negative predictive value (100%). Including albuminuria in the definition of CKD increased the positive predictive value to 43.6%. In conclusion, SCORED is good for prescreening subjects for CKD in a European population as it captures all patients with CKD. Moreover, in subjects with low risk, the probability of CKD is low. SCORED is useful in alerting the general population and the medical community about the risk factors of CKD.

World Kidney Day – Don’t Forget The Children

BACKGROUND: World Kidney Day (WKD) is an annual global campaign meant to raise awareness about the importance of kidneys and reduce the frequency and impact of kidney disease but the focus is usually on adults and not children. This is a report of screening of children during WKD 2011 in Giwa, a semiurban community in Nigeria. METHODOLOGY: The importance of screening was communicated through talks, songs and plays. Blood pressure (BP), weight and height were measured and dipstick urinalysis done. Proteinuria, hematuria, glycosuria and nitrituria were defined as 1+ or more, hypertension as BP greater than 95% for age, gender, and height. RESULTS: A total of 115 children (3 to 15 years, mean 9.97±3 years) participated; 93(80.8%) were male, 89(77.4%) were students. Six (6.4%) of 94 children whose BP were measured were hypertensive. Proteinuria, haematuria, glycosuria was detected in 3(2.7%), 2(1.8%) and 16(14.9%) respectively of 107 children. No child had nitrituria. Only one child went to the tertiary centre for follow up.CONCLUSION: Mass screening for hypertension, proteinuria, haematuria, glycosuria may be worthwhile but not for urinary tract infection. Data collected during WKD on a national scale could help determinate the cost benefit of screening and contribute to development of national screening policies in resource constrained countries. WKD offers opportunities to screen children who might otherwise be missed (e.g. those who don’t attend school and/or in rural areas). Greater effort must be made to follow up those with abnormalities. This could be done by evaluating them in local health centres.

Prevalence of risk factors for chronic kidney disease among civil servants in Kano

Background: Data on the epidemiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD) from sub-Saharan Africa are still sparse. Preventive strategy through early detection and treatment has been advocated for CKD, especially in our environment where majority of patients present late and cannot afford the cost of renal replacement therapy which is not widely available. We investigated the prevalence of risk factors for CKD among the civil servants who volunteered after a public enlightenment campaign in Kano, northern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: We studied 225 apparently healthy civil servants who availed themselves of the opportunity to be screened for risk factors for CKD during the 2011 World Kidney Day activities. Relevant demographic and clinical data were obtained using a questionnaire. Weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), and blood pressure were measured. Spot urine samples were collected and tested for protein, sugar, and other parameters using a dipstick. Random blood sugar was measured with a glucometer. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 41.5 ± 9.68 years. Males constituted 83.6% of the respondents. Majority had a positive history of use of traditional medications, followed by the use of analgesic drugs, while very few (less than 5% each) admitted to alcohol ingestion or use of bleaching creams. While there was a significant family history of hypertension and diabetes, only about 3% had positive family history of kidney disease. Proteinuria was found to be present in 19.4%. Other risk factors found include hypertension (29.8%), obesity (11%), and diabetes mellitus (3.6%). Conclusion: Risk factors for CKD are common among civil servants in Kano. The most frequent CKD risk factors found among the study subjects were use of traditional medication, cigarette smoking, obesity, hypertension, and proteinuria.

Survival Is Not Enough

Survival is not enough is a yearly international event started in 2007 in Naples, Italy, in the week of the World Kidney Day to discuss the needs of renal patients and the quality of life of a category of patients living a machine-dependent life. Renal patients and their associations, philosophers, economists, nephrologists, and health care managers are enrolled to discuss about the possibility to grant the best cures and care without reducing the quality and the quantity of the services the patients need. Various quests have arisen for (1) a new cadre of managers capable of keeping health accounts in balance without cutting expenditure but by reducing waste of resources, (2) the promotion of prevention as the only measure capable of reducing costs in the long run, and (3) the promotion of clinical and translational research. The changes occurring in the health system should be viewed as a window of opportunity, including the advent of the medical-industrial complex firstly described in 1980, an event originating in the United States of America and now spreading worldwide.

Prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and chronic kidney disease in participants of the 2009 World Kidney Day screening exercise in Southwest Nigeria

Early detection of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its risk factors such as hypertension (HT), diabetes (DM) and proteinuria will allow prompt medical intervention, which may impact positively on kidney outcome. We took advantage of the World Kidney Day, which is intended to raise awareness and increase the detection of CKD, to screen participants for HT, DM and CKD using dipstick-positive proteinuria as a marker of CKD. A total of 586 participants were screened for HT, DM and dipstick-positive proteinuria during the 2009 World Kidney Day at Osogbo in southwest Nigeria. The overall prevalence of proteinuria, HT and DM in the unselected population was 2.5%, 25.9%, and 3.8%, respectively. Of participants with HT, there were more females (32.3% vs. 21.9%, p = 0.005), a higher prevalence of family history of HT (p < 0.001), older age (p < 0.001), higher mean weight (p < 0.001), higher mean body mass index (p < 0.001) and higher mean random blood sugar (p = 0.018) when compared to those without HT. However, among the 461 apparently healthy participants (asymptomatic and without history of HT, DM or CKD), the prevalence of significant dipstick-positive proteinuria, HT and DM was 2.8%, 11.1% and 2.0%, respectively. In the asymptomatic cohort, age (odds ratio, 1.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.14; p < 0.001) and sex (odds ratio, 2.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–5.95; p = 0.016) were significant risk factors associated with the presence of HT on multivariate analysis. Of participants with DM, there were more females (p = 0.032), older age (p = 0.019), higher mean body mass index (p = 0.008), higher mean systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001) and higher mean diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.011) when compared to those without DM. Dipstick-positive proteinuria, HT and DM were common in our unselected and asymptomatic population. Public education and opportunistic screening for these risk factors of CKD will improve patient- and physician-level awareness, which in turn will ensure early detection of kidney disease. 早期偵測慢性腎病 (CKD) 及其危險因子如高血壓 (HT)、糖尿病 (DM)、及蛋白尿，有助於治療的及早施行，可望對患者的預後產生正面的影響。我們為響應世界腎臟日對 CKD 認知與偵測的提倡，在相關活動當天對參加者進行了 HT、DM、及 CKD (蛋白尿試紙檢測) 的篩檢行動。 該活動於尼日利亞奧索各博 (Oshogbo、Nigeria) 的 2009 年世界腎臟日進行，共有 586 位參加者接受了 HT、DM、及試紙蛋白尿的篩檢。 整體上，蛋白尿、HT、及 DM 的盛行率分別為 2.5%、25.9%、及 3.8%。相比於非患者，HT 患者的特徵包括：女性比例較高 (32.3% vs. 21.9%、p = 0.005)、HT 家族史比例較高 (p < 0.001)、較高齡 (p < 0.001)、體重較高 (p < 0.001)、身體質量指數較高 (p < 0.001)、及隨機血糖較高 (p = 0.018)。然而，在健康無異常 (無症狀、無 HT、DM、或 CKD 病史) 的參加者 (n = 461) 間，試紙蛋白尿陽性、HT、及 DM 的盛行率分別為 2.8%、11.1%、及 2.0%。多變數分析顯示，年齡 (OR、1.1；95% CI、1.06–1.14；p < 0.001) 及性別 (OR、2.68；95% CI、1.2–5.95；p = 0.016) 是 HT 的重大危險因子。相比於非患者，DM 患者的特徵則包括：女性比例較高 (p = 0.032)、較高齡 (p = 0.019)、身體質量指數較高 (p = 0.008)、收縮血壓較高 (p < 0.001)、及舒張血壓較高 (p = 0.011)。 即使在未經挑選且無症狀的人群中，試紙蛋白尿陽性、HT、及 DM 仍然頗為盛行。透過有效的衛生教育與篩檢措施，可望提升社會對 CKD 的認知，並對患者作出及早的診治。

Bright’s disease is mentioned in an official Hungarian medical document in the 19th century

The World Kidney Day was announced for the fifth time in 2011, that calls attention to chronic renal failure as it attains the title of endemic. Richard Bright (1789-1858), a British doctor was the first to recognize and describe the uremic state and the kidney diseases leading to it. There are many aspects that the readers should remember him about especially in connection with the World Kidney Day. During his European study tour's stage in Hungary, he was not so much interested in the country's medical and health conditions, rather in its economic and cultural life, natural history and geography. He travelled to Hungary on two occasions and recorded his experiences in a personal travel documentation illustrated with his own drawings. He finally established himself in London in 1820 and together with Thomas Addison and Thomas Hodgkin they formed the Guy's Hospital's world-famous "scientist trio". Bright described the nephritis's classical image, nowadays known as Bright's disease for the first time at the age of 38 years in 1827. A presently turned up Hungarian medical certificate from 1870 contains the Bright's disease described by Richard Bright as a written diagnosis. This 140-year-old document also confirms that we can be proud of our predecessors concerning our knowledge of kidney diseases and their application in daily use in Hungary, because in the past they were the ones who used the most advanced knowledge in their practices. One of today's greatest challenges for us is to be able to inform healthy and ill people alike properly about kidney diseases and their prevention or management. Place this in order to stem the epidemic of chronic renal failure and still pay homage to this disease's greatest scientist, Richard Bright.

Chronic kidney disease in the primary care setting

Practice NursingVol. 22, No. 4 Clinical Renal DiseaseChronic kidney disease in the primary care settingFiona MurphyFiona MurphySearch for more papers by this authorFiona MurphyPublished Online:29 Sep 2013https://doi.org/10.12968/pnur.2011.22.4.184AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail View articleReferencesAdil M, Aslam S (2009) Prevention of progression of chronic kidney disease and its cardiovascular complications. In: Wilcox CS, Tisher CC, eds. (2009) Handbook of Nephrology and Hypertension. 6th edn. Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia: PA Google ScholarDepartment of Health (2005) National Service Framework for Renal Services. Part Two: Chronic kidney disease, acute renal failure and end of life Care. http://tiny.cc/ztd61 (accessed 14 March 2011) Google ScholarLevey AS, Coresh J, Greene Tet al. (2006) Using standardized serum creatinine values in the modification of diet in renal disease study equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med 145(4): 247–54 Crossref, Google ScholarMacGregor MS, Taal M W (2011) Detection, Monitoring and Care of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Final Draft. UK Renal Association Clinical Practice Guidelines. 5th edn. http://tiny.cc/y9vkv (accessed 14 March 2011) Google ScholarMartin S. (2011) World Kidney Day 2011: Protect Your Kidneys, Save Your Heart. Am J Kid Dis 57(3): 371–4 Crossref, Google ScholarMobley A (2009) Slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease. The Journal for Nurs Practitioners 5(3): 188–94 Crossref, Google ScholarMurphy F, Bennett L, Jenkins K. (2010) Managing anaemia of chronic kidney disease. Br J Nurs 19(20): 1281–6 Link, Google ScholarMurphy F, Jenkins K, Chamney Met al. (2008a) Patient Management in CKD Stages 1 to 3. J Ren Care 34(3): 127–35 Crossref, Google ScholarMurphy F, Jenkins K, McCann Met al. (2008b) Patient Management in CKD Stages 4 to 5. J Ren Care 34(4): 191–8 Crossref, Google ScholarNational Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions (2008) Chronic Kidney Disease. Early Identification and Management in Adults in Primary and Secondary Care. Clinical guideline 73. http://tiny.cc/69tvq (accessed 15 March 2011) Google ScholarNHS Information Centre (2009) QOF prevalence data. http://tiny.cc/l351k (accessed 15 March 2011) Google ScholarNational Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2006) Hypertension: Management of Hypertension in Adults in Primary Care. Clinical guideline 34. http://www.nice.org.uk/CG034 (accessed 16 March 2011) Google ScholarNational Kidney Federation Kidney Dialysis Outcome Quality Initiative (2002) Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease: Evaluation, Classification, and Stratification. http://tiny.cc/p0in0 (accessed 16 March 2011) Google ScholarNational Kidney Federation Kidney Dialysis Outcome Quality Initiative (2007) Clinical Practice Guidelines and Clinical Practice Recommendations for Diabetes for Chronic Kidney Disease. Am J Kidney Dis 49(2; Suppl 2): S12–154 Crossref, Google ScholarScottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) (2008) Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. A National Clinical Guideline. http://tiny.cc/b0pcd (accessed 17 March 2011) Google ScholarThomas N (2007) Recent developments in the care and management of chronic kidney disease. Prim Health Care 17(6): 41–5 Crossref, Google ScholarThomas N (2011) The management of chronic kidney disease. Nurs Prescribing 9(2): 76–81 Link, Google ScholarWorld Health Organization (2008) WHO 2008–13 action plan for the global strategy for the prevention and control of non communicable diseases. http://tiny.cc/ua93e (accessed 16 March 2011) Google Scholar FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByManaging post-transplant patients in primary care29 September 2013 | Practice Nursing, Vol. 22, No. 6 1 April 2011Volume 22Issue 4ISSN (print): 0964-9271ISSN (online): 2052-2940 Metrics Downloaded 15 times History Received 22 March 2011 Accepted 24 March 2011 Published online 29 September 2013 Published in print 1 April 2011 Information© MA Healthcare LimitedKeywordsChronic kidney diseaseprimary carepreventionmanagementPDF download

World Kidney Day 2011: protect your kidneys, save your heart

Early detection and prevention of kidney disease reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. This official World Kidney Day 2011 editorial is being published concurrently in many medical journals around the world.

World Kidney Day 2011: protect your kidneys, save your heart

March 10, 2011 will mark the 6th World Kidney Day, an annual event jointly sponsored by the International Society of Nephrology and the International Federation of Kidney Foundations. World Kidney Day aims to raise awareness among both the general public and government health officials about the dangers of kidney disease, especially chronic kidney disease.

World Kidney Day 2011: Protect Your Kidneys, Save Your Heart

March 10, 2011 will mark the celebration of the 6th World Kidney Day (WKD), an annual event jointly sponsored by the International Society of Nephrology and the International Federation of Kidney Foundations. Since its inception in 2006, WKD has grown dramatically to become the most widely celebrated event associated with kidney disease in the world and the most successful effort to raise awareness among both the general public and government health officials about the dangers of kidney disease, especially chronic kidney disease (CKD). In 2011, WKD will call attention to the large, and often unappreciated, role played by kidney dysfunction in increasing premature cardiovascular disease, the most common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide [1]. Can a focus on early detection and prevention of kidney disease really improve long term cardiovascular health? In this editorial, we hope to convey the message that increased attention to the kidneys can indeed improve long-term health outcomes by reducing both kidney and cardiovascular disease and should therefore be a central component of any global health strategy intended to reduce the enormous and growing burden of chronic non-comunicable diseases (NCDs).

World Kidney Day 2011

World Kidney Day (WKD), established by the International Society of Nephrology and the International Society of Kidney Foundations in 2006, is a global effort to “raise awareness of the importance of our kidneys to our overall health and to reduce the frequency and impact of kidney disease and its

The D&amp;T Report

The D&amp;T Report

World Kidney Day 2011: protect your kidneys, save your heart

March 10, 2011 will mark the celebration of the 6th World Kidney Day (WKD), an annual event jointly sponsored by the International Society of Nephrology and the International Federation of Kidney Foundations. Since its inception in 2006, WKD has grown dramatically to become the most widely celebrated event associated with kidney disease in the world and the most successful effort to raise awareness among both the general public and government health officials about the dangers of kidney disease, especially chronic kidney disease (CKD). In 2011, WKD will call attention to the large, and often unappreciated, role played by kidney dysfunction in increasing premature cardiovascular disease, the most common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide (1). Can a focus on early detection and prevention of kidney disease really improve long term cardiovascular health? In this editorial, we hope to convey the message that increased attention to the kidneys can indeed improve long-term health outcomes by reducing both kidney and cardiovascular disease and should therefore be a central component of any global health strategy intended to reduce the enormous and growing burden of chronic NCDs.