Kidney Bean Meal Research Articles

Response of Broiler Chickens Fed Boiled Red Kidney Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Seed Meal as Protein feedstuff on Haematology and Serum Biochemical indices

Eight week feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of dietry levels of Boiled red kidney bean meal (BRKBSM) in potassium carbonate solution on haematology and serum biochemical indices of broiler chickens. A total of 200 day old chicks (Anak 2000) were randomly allotted to five treatment diets (T1-T5) in a completely randomized design. Each treatment group was replicated 4 times with ten birds per replicate. T 1 contained 0% Boiled Red Kidney Bean Seed Meal (BRKBSM) as the control diet, while T2-T5 contained 25,50 75 and 100% inclusion levels of BRKBSM respectively. Results of the haematology and serum biochemical indices at finisher phase showed that Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the treatment diets. However, serum biochemical values were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by the diets. Albumin values (3.19 g/dl) was highest on birds fed 50% BRKBSM, globulin values was also highest at 50% BRKBSM while cholesterol values decreased with increasing levels of inclusion of BRKBSM from 0% to 100%. It is therefore concluded based on this study that BRKBSM can be included in broiler chickens diet up to 50% level without any detrimental effects on blood profile of broiler chickens.

Effects of varying levels of cooked kidney bean meal (Phaseolus vulgaris) as replacement of soyabean meal or groundnut cake on the performance of broiler chicken

The experiment was conducted to assess the effects of different inclusion levels of cooked kidney bean meal as non - conventional feedstuff on the growth performance of broilers chicks. The test diets were formulated such that, diet T1 (control diet) contained no kidney bean meal, diet T2 contained 20% cooked kidney bean meal, diet T3 contained 40%cooked kidney bean meal and diet T4 contained 60%cooked kidney bean meal. The trial lasted for eight weeks and the following parameters were measured weekly during the course of the experiment. Feed intake, body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, nutrient digestibility, length of body parts and carcass proportion. The result showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the Final body weights and average mean body weights. The birds fed 20% cooked kidney bean meal diets had the highest mean body weight (1220g) while birds fed 60% cooked kidney bean meal had the lowest mean body weight (941.20g). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the feed intake of birds fed cooked kidney bean meal diets. There were no significant difference (p>0.05) in the length of body parts and carcass proportion except thigh and wing, crop of birds fed cooked kidney bean meal diets respectively. Significant difference (P>0.05) were not observed in the dry matter, ether extract, crude fibre and ash digestibility except in crude protein and NFE (Nitrogen Free Extract). There were no significant differences (P>0.05) among birds fed the four experimental diets in parameters considered in the carcass proportion except the wing and the crop. It was however concluded that the addition of cooked kidney bean meal had a positive effect on the performance as well as CPdigestibility of the birds when their inclusion in the diet is within the range of 20-40% replacement of conventional plant protein sources.
 
 
 
 
 
 L'expérience a été menée pour évaluer les effets de différents niveaux d'inclusion de tourteau de haricots rouges cuits comme aliment non conventionnel sur les performances de croissance des poussins de chair. Les régimes testés ont été formulés de telle sorte que le régime T1 (régime témoin) ne contenait pas de farine de haricots rouges, le régime T2 contenait 20 % de farine de haricots rouges cuits, le régime T3 contenait 40 % de farine de haricots rouges cuits et le régime T4 contenait 60 % de farine de haricots rouges cuits. L'essai a duré huit semaines et les paramètres suivants ont été mesurés chaque semaine au cours de l'expérience. Consommation alimentaire, poids corporel, gain de poids, taux de conversion alimentaire, digestibilité des nutriments, longueur des parties du corps et proportion de la carcasse. Le résultat a montré qu'il y avait des différences significatives (p<0,05) entre les poids corporels finaux et les poids corporels moyens moyens. Les oiseaux nourris avec 20 % de farine de haricots rouges cuits avaient le poids corporel moyen le plus élevé (1220 g), tandis que les oiseaux nourris avec 60 % de farine de haricots rouges cuits avaient le poids corporel moyen le plus bas (941,20 g). Il n'y avait pas de différence significative (p>0,05) dans la consommation alimentaire des oiseaux nourris avec des régimes à base de farine de haricots rouges cuits. Il n'y avait pas de différence significative (p>0,05) dans la longueur des parties du corps et la proportion de carcasses, à l'exception de la cuisse et de l'aile, culture d'oiseaux nourris respectivement avec des régimes à base de farine de haricots rouges cuits. Aucune différence significative (P>0,05) n'a été observée dans la matière sèche, l'extrait d'éther, la fibre brute et la digestibilité des cendres, sauf dans la protéine brute et le NFE (Nitrogen Free Extract). Il n'y avait pas de différences significatives (P>0,05) entre les oiseaux nourris avec les quatre régimes expérimentaux dans les paramètres pris en compte dans la proportion de carcasse, à l'exception de l'aile et du jabot. Il a cependant été conclu que l'ajout de farine de haricots rouges cuits avait un effet positif sur les performances ainsi que sur la digestibilité des CP des oiseaux lorsque leur inclusion dans l'alimentation se situe dans la fourchette de remplacement de 20 à 40 % des sources de protéines végétales conventionnelles.

Inclusion of Limited Amounts of Extruded Legumes Plus Cereal Mixes in Normocaloric or Obesogenic Diets for Rats: Effects on Lipid Profile.

Overweight and obesity are regarded as world epidemics and are major risk factors for a number of chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Two new highly palatable extruded mixes based on rice and pea (Pisum sativum) or kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) meals were incorporated into normocaloric or obesogenic diets for rats at a low inclusion level (25%). Our purpose was to evaluate the effects of dietary incorporation of this new food ingredient on lipid profile. Organs (heart, liver, kidneys, spleen, stomach, small intestine, colon, cecum) and visceral fat relative weights were different (p < 0.01) from controls for animals fed the obesogenic diets and in rats fed extruded diets with respect to controls. Faecal excretion of bile acids was higher (p < 0.01) for rats fed extruded mixes compared with controls. The inclusion of extruded mixes replacing part of the casein in the control diet lowered liver cholesterol and triglycerides (p < 0.001) and plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL; p < 0.01) values, although plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was unaltered. Both the inclusion of extruded mixes and the use of obesogenic diets resulted in significantly (p < 0.001) different long chain fatty acid (LCFA) profiles in liver and visceral fat. Incorporating extruded legume plus cereal mixes beneficially influenced lipid metabolism, and would therefore deserve closer attention in human intervention studies, particularly with adolescents. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the nutritional and physiological effects of extruded legume plus cereal mixes.

Effect of Replacing Soybean Meal with Processed Kidney Bean Meal on Egg Production and Economics of White Leghorn Layers

An experiment was conducted in Haramaya University to find out the effect of replacing Soybean meal (SBM) by processed kidney bean (PKB) on egg production, feed intake and economic benefit for white leghorn layers. Hundred eighty white leghorn layers of similar initial body weight of 1121.17 g ± 24.92 and age of 6.5 months and 30 cocks were randomly distributed into five treatments using complete randomized design (CRD). PKB replaced SBM at a rate of 0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100% for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. The recommended level of SBM (26%) in the ration was used as a base of replacement. Feed intake (FI), Hen Day Egg Production (HDEP), egg weight and egg mass were recorded daily. Economic replacement was assessed at the end of the experiment. The result of chemical analysis showed that Crude Protein (CP) and Metabolizable Energy (ME) content of PKB was 28% and 32182.2 Kcal respectively, which was lower than SBM but higher than noug seed cake (NSC). This indicates that the substitution capacity of PKB for SBM was better than NSC. There was no significant (P>0.05) effect on final body weight and body weight change. Average daily feed intake (FI) was showed significant difference (P T2>T1>T4>T5 and Mmarginal Rate of Rreturn (MRR) indicated profitability of PKB replacement upto 75% and beyond this replacement a decrease in economy of production by 1.83 units.

Effects of Feeding Processed Kidney Bean Meal(Phaseolus vulgaris) by Replacing Soybean Meal on Egg Fertility and Qualities of Chicks of White Leghorn Hens

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding processed kidney bean meal (PKBM) by replacing soybean meal (SBM) on fertility, hatchability, embryonic mortality and chick quality of white leghorn (WL) hens. A total of 210 white leghorn hens (180 layers and 30 cocks) with uniform body weight (BW) (1121.17 g ± 24.92) and age (6.5 months) were randomly distributed into 15 pens and assigned to five treatments (i.e., T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5). A total of 195 eggs collected from all the treatment birds were used for the analysis. The feeds of the treatments were SBM substituted by PKBM at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% levels for T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively. Replacement of SBM with PKBM in the diet did not affect the fertility, hatchability and embryonic mortality. Chick length (15.63, 15.00, 15.33, 15.03 and 14.33(SEM ± 0.02)) and chick weight (34.13, 34.20, 33.13, 33.06 and 32.47(SEM ± 1.39)) for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively, were significantly (P<0.05) lower for T5 than the rest treatments. Visual assessment of chick quality is lower for treatments containing higher proportion of PKBM than treatments containing lower proportion of PKBM. Therefore, as it affects the quality of chicks at 100% replacement, it is only up to 75% replacement of SBM by PKBM (dosed at 195 g/kg concentrate diet) is possible without having significant negative effect on chick quality.

Effects of feeding processed kidney bean meal (Phaseolus vulgaris) by replacing soybean meal on egg fertility and qualities of chicks of white leghorn hens

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding processed kidney bean meal (PKBM) by replacing soybean meal (SBM) on fertility, hatchability, embryonic mortality and chick quality of white leghorn (WL) hens. A total of 225 white leghorn hens (195 layers and 30 cocks) with uniform body weight (BW) and age were randomly distributed into 15 pens and assigned to five treatments (i.e., T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5). A total of 360 eggs collected from all the treatment birds were used for the analysis. The feeds of the treatments were SBM substituted by PKBM at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% levels for T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively. Replacement of SBM with PKBM in the diet did not affect the fertility, hatchability, embryonic mortality, chick length, chick weight, and chick quality by visual score. As no difference is observed, 100% replacement of SBM by PKBM (dosed at 100 g/kg concentrate diet) is possible.

Performance and Histological Responses of Internal Organs of Broiler Chickens Fed Raw, Dehulled, and Aqueous and Dry-Heated Kidney Bean Meals

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of raw and differently processed [aqueous heating, dehulled, and dry heating (toasted)] kidney bean meals on the performance, weights, and histology of internal organs of broiler chicken. The feeding trial lasted for 56 d. Two hundred twenty-five 1-d-old broiler chicks (Anak strain) were used for the study. There were 5 treatment groups of 3 replicates with 15 birds per replicate. Raw and processed kidney bean meals were used to replace 50% protein supplied by soybean in the control diet. Data collected were used to evaluate feed intake, weight gain, and efficiency of feed utilization. The weights of liver, pancreas, kidney, heart, and lungs were also recorded and tissue samples of each collected for histological examination. Average daily food intake, average daily gain, and efficiency of feed utilization were influenced by the dietary treatments. Average daily food intake and average daily gain in birds fed the control diet and heat-treated kidney bean meals were similar and significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those fed raw or dehulled meals. Feed conversion ratio was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in birds fed raw or dehulled meals compared with those fed the control diet. The relative weight of the pancreas was significantly (P < 0.05) increased as a result of acinar hypertrophy. The kidney had severe congestion of glomeruli and distention of the capillary vessels with numerous thrombi in birds fed raw and dehulled kidney bean meals. The weight of the liver was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in birds fed raw and dehulled meals, and the liver was characterized by marked coagulative necrosis and degeneration of the hepatocytes. The structural alterations were attributed to intake of trypsin inhibitors and haemagglutinins in the processed seeds. In conclusion, aqueous heated kidney bean meal can be used to replace 50% protein supplied by soybean meal in broiler starter and finisher diets without any adverse effect on the performance and the internal organs.

Influence of Processing of Mucuna (Mucuna pruriens var utilis) and Kidney Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) on the Performance and Nutrient Utilization of Broiler Chickens

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of differently processed mucuna (Mucuna pruriens var utilis) and kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) on the performance, nutrient utilization and weight of internal organs of broiler chickens. The legumes were processed by three different methods viz. aqueous heating, toasting and dehulling. A total of 315 as hatched day old broiler chicks (Anak strain) were used for the experiment. There were seven dietary treatment groups of 45 birds each and three replicates of 15 birds each. Processed mucuna and kidney bean meals were used to replace 50% protein supplied by soybean meal in the control diet. Data for average daily feed intake (ADFI) revealed no differences for the effect of processing methods. However, average daily gain (ADG) was influenced by dietary treatments (P<0.05). ADG in birds fed either aqueous heated kidney bean (AHKB) or mucuna bean meals (AHMM) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those fed toasted and dehulled meals. Feed conversion efficiency (FCE) followed the same trend as ADG. Apparent protein digestibility (APD) was affected by different processing techniques. Minimum APD was observed in birds fed either dehulled kidney bean (DKB) or dehulled mucuna meal (DMM). Apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) was not affected by the dietary treatments (P<0.05). The relative weights of the pancreas were significantly (p<0.05) increased in fed dehulled meal while weights of the liver were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the same group of birds. The structural alterations were attributed to high concentration of residual trypsin inhibitors in dehulled meals. In conclusion, AHKB and AHMM can be used to replace 50% protein supplied by soybean meal in broiler starter and finisher diets without any adverse effect on the performance and the intestinal organs.

Ileal digestibility of raw and autoclaved kidney-bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seed meals in cannulated pigs

AbstractFive castrated male pigs (100±2 kg mean live weight) fitted with T-shaped ileal cannulae were used to determine ileal digestibility of raw or autoclaved (136°C, 3 min, 2·3 bar) kidney-bean seed meals, which were included (536 g/kg) in the diet as the only protein source. A protein-free and a diet based on hydrolysed casein were used to estimate endogenous protein secretion. Apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter was lower (P &lt; 0·05) for raw compared to autoclaved kidney-bean meal. Apparent and true ileal digestibilities of raw kidney-bean meal were not only lower (P &lt; 0·05) than those of autoclaved kidney beans, but negative or close to zero for N and some amino acids. Ileal N (36·9 g/kg food ingested) and sialic acid (3·5 g/kg food ingested) flows in pigs given the raw kidney-bean-based diet were higher (P &lt; 0·05) than those of pigs given the autoclaved kidney-bean diet (respectively 8·9 and 1·4 g/kg food ingested). Autoclaved kidney beans contained 364 and 143 g/kg of starch and non-starch polysaccharides respectively, the ileal digestibilities of which were 0·79 and 0·26. Among individual non-starch polysaccharide sugars, apparent ileal digestibility values were between 0 (rhamnose) and 0·38 (arabinose). Ileal apparent digestibility of total oligosaccharides in the autoclaved kidney bean diet was 0·52, and total amounts of oligosaccharides digested was 18·6 g/kg food. Among individual short-chain fatty acids in ileal contents, only propionate values were signifi cantly (P &lt; 0·05) different between pigs given raw or autoclaved kidney-bean diets. Lactate concentration in ileal contents was higher (P &lt; 0·05) in pigs given autoclaved compared with raw kidney beans. Ileal digestibility of autoclaved kidney-bean meal in the 10-kg pigs was poorer than that of other raw legume-seed meals such as lupins and chickpeas in other studies. The potential health implications of these results are also discussed.

Performance characteristics of broiler chicks fed kidney bean as replacement for two conventional legumes

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of replacing soybean meal and groundnut cake meal with cooked and decorticated kidney bean seed meals on the performance characteristics of broilers. One hundred and eighty day old broiler chicks of Anak strain were raised on six experimental diets. The processed kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) meals were incorporated at the rate of 200g/kg of feed. The diets were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric. Each diet was fed to a group of 30 birds for a period of 56 days. There were significant (P 0.05) differences in feed intake among the treatment groups. Apparent digestibility of crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, ash and nitrogen free extract differed significantly (P < 0.05) among the treatments. Key words: Legumes; processing; anti-nutritional factors; performance Moor Journal of Agricultural Research Vol.4(2) 2003: 236-241

The effect of extrusion cooking on mineral bioavailability in pea and kidney bean seed meals

The effects of extrusion cooking on chemical composition, contents of minerals, carbohydrates and antinutritional factors (inositol phosphates, condensed tannins and lectins) in pea ( Pisum sativum L.) and kidney bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed meals were investigated. In addition, mineral bioavailability in growing rats of diets based on extruded or raw pea or kidney bean meals, as the only protein source was determined. Moisture content decreased and iron increased in extruded compared with non-treated seed meals. Starch and NSP were reduced ( P<0.05) in both pea and kidney bean seed meals. Raffinose, stachyose and verbascose also dropped in kidney bean meal after extrusion, but only stachyose was reduced by thermal treatment in pea flours. Inositol hexaphosphate was partially hydrolysed to penta- and tetraphosphates by extrusion, which also lowered tannin and lectin content ( P<0.05). The apparent absorption of Fe, Ca and P from unsupplemented pea-based diets significantly increased in extruded compared with raw seed meals. With amino acid supplemented pea diets, extrusion significantly ( P<0.05) increased Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu and P apparent (faecal) absorption in rats. Extrusion increased ( P<0.05) Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu and P apparent (faecal) absorption in rats fed with both unsupplemented and supplemented kidney bean-based diets.

Acute hyperinsulinism modulates plasma apolipoprotein B-48 triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in healthy subjects during the postprandial period.

The role of postprandial insulin in the regulation of postprandial lipid metabolism is still poorly understood. The roles of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in the alteration of postprandial lipid metabolism are not clear either. To improve knowledge in this area, we submitted healthy men to acute hyperinsulinemia in two different ways. In the first study, we compared in 10 men the effects of four isolipidic test meals that induce different degrees of hyperinsulinemia on postprandial lipid metabolism. Three different carbohydrate sources were compared according to their glycemic indexes (GIs; 35, 75, and 100 for white kidney bean, spaghetti, and white bread test meals, respectively); the fourth test meal did not contain any carbohydrates. Postprandial plasma insulin levels were proportional to the GIs (maximal plasma insulin concentrations: 113 +/- 16 to 266 +/- 36 pmol/l). We found a strong positive correlation during the 6-h postprandial period between apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 plasma concentration and insulin plasma concentration (r2 = 0.70; P = 0.0001). In a second study, 5 of the 10 subjects again ingested the carbohydrate-free meal, but during a 3-h hyperinsulinemic- (550 +/- 145 pmol/l plasma insulin) euglycemic (5.5 +/- 0.8 mmol/l plasma glucose) clamp. A biphasic response was observed with markedly reduced levels of plasma apoB-48 during insulin infusion, followed by a late accumulation of plasma apoB-48 and triglycerides. Overall, the data obtained showed that portal and peripheral hyperinsulinism delays and exacerbates postprandial accumulation of intestinally derived chylomicrons in plasma and thus is involved in the regulation of apoB-48-triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism, in the absence of insulin-resistance syndrome.

Resistance of the kidney bean reserve protein, phaseolin, to proteolysis in the porcine digestive tract

AbstractAbstract: Phaseolin, the major reserve protein of the seeds of the kidney bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L, was shown to be poorly degraded in the pig small intestine following an initial 7‐day exposure to casein‐based diets incorporating kidney bean meal. Substantial amounts of large polypeptide fragments, which were recognised by antibodies raised against native phaseolin, were identified in ileal digesta. Little of this immunoreactivity was detected in the faeces of these animals, suggesting that components of the hindgut microflora were able to degrade these fragments further. Prolonged exposure to dietary kidney beans resulted in an increase in the digestibility of phaseolin, suggesting that the small intestine and/or its microflora may possess significant adaptive capacity. In‐vitro digestion of purified phaseolin by a sequence of pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin yielded products which closely resembled those isolated from the ileal digesla; analysis suggested that degradation of native phaseolin by the major gastrointestinal endopeptidases is restricted to a vulnerable central region of its constituent polypeptides.

COMPOSITIONAL, NUTRITIONAL AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF MEALS, FLOURS AND CONCENTRATES FROM NAVY AND KIDNEY BEANS (Phaseolus vulgaris)1

ABSTRACTThe compositional, nutritional value and functional properties of navy and kidney bean meals, high protein flours and concentrates were compared to commercial soy products. Navy and kidney concentrates contained similar quantities of protein and higher quantities of lipid, starch and ash than the soy concentrate. Gel strength, emulsification capacity and foaming properties of the three concentrates were similar, while the navy and kidney concentrate proteins were more soluble than the commercial soy product. Digestibilities of the bean products were not significantly different, except for the kidney concentrate which had a slightly higher digestibility. Electrophoresis of the meal, flour and concentrate proteins revealed slight differences in the protein distribution. Isoelectric precipitation decreased the amount of phytohemagglutinin in the navy concentrate in comparison to the meal and flour.

Evaluation of Various Leguminous Seeds as Protein Sources for Milkfish, Chanos chanos Forsskal, Juveniles

The nutritive value of four leguminous plant seeds: pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan). mungo (Phaseolus radiatus), kidneybean (Phasoolus vulgaris) and soybean (Glycine max), were evaluated as protein sources for milkfish (Chanos chanos) juveniles in isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets containing 40% protein. The legumes were heat treated and added at different levels so that their protein contributed 25% of total dietary protein; Peruvian fishmeal supplied the remaining portion. A diet with all protein contributed by fishmeal was used as a control. Substitution of 25% of the total 40% animal protein in the control diet by mungo and soybean meal did not adversely affect (P &gt; 0.05) fish growth and the efficiency of feed conversion. Diets with 25% of protein contributed by pigeonpea and kidneybean meal resulted in significantly depressed (P &lt; 0.05) growth and efficiency of feed conversion. Milkfish survival rate was more than 97'1i throughout the six-week experimental period. We conclude that mungo replace and soybean meal, contributing at least 25% of dietary protein, can be used to fishmeal to reduce the cost of feed without adverse effect on the growth, survival and efficiency of feed conversion of juvenile milkfish.

Growth and development of the American bollworm Heliothis armigera Hubn. under laboratory mass rearing conditions.

A kidney bean meal diet was the most satisfactory laboratory diet for the larvae of the American bollworm Heliothis armigera Hubn. Optimum rates of survival (63.5%) occurred and the larval growth was better than that of larvae reared on castor oil plant leaves. The pupal weight and the fecundity of the resulting adults were also much better than those on the control host plant.