Khilafat Movement Research Articles

Pan-Islam in British Indian politics: a study of the Khilafat Movement, 1918-1924

A correct perspective on the origins and development of pan-Islam in British India had eluded writers for years. The author treats the subject comprehensively and highlights links between pan-Islam and nationalist movements in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In focus is the Khilafat movement (1918-1924) which, with its distinct religio-political dynamics, aimed at saving Ottoman Turkey from dismemberment as well as securing self-government for India. Extensively utilizing a variety of archival and other source materials, the author unfolds the fascinating story of how, in concert with secular forces, the pan-Islamic appeal was mobilized for political gains in the broader context of the British policy towards Turkey and India. The book also examines the gradual transition of Muslim politics from pan-Islam to territorial nationalism, especially after the Turks abolished the caliphate and the Indians plunged back into communal strife.

Ironies of History: Contradictions of the Khilafat Movement

Ironies of History: Contradictions of the Khilafat Movement

Pakistan as a Peasant Utopia: The Communalization of Class Politics in East Bengal, 1920-1947.

Village community, land systems and politics in East Bengal - a background mobilization for insurgency - peasants in politics during the Khilafat movement, 1920-1922 the communalization of class struggle, 1923-1929 rebellion to conciliation - the capitulation of the Krishak and the ascendancy of the Proja, 1929-1936 the eclipse of the Proja and the ascendancy of the Ashraf, 1937-1941 the struggle for a utopia - Tanka, Tebhaga and Pakistan, 1942-1947.

Sufi saints and state power: the pirs of Sind, 1843-1947

List of maps and illustrations Acknowledgements Abbreviations A note on spelling Introduction 1. Sind and its pirs up to 1843 2. Creating a system of political control after 1843 3. Challenge to the system: the pir pagaro and the 1890s Hur rebellion 4. Challenge to the system: the Khilafat movement 1919-1924 5. A more complex system of control: pirs and politics under the Raj, 1900-1947 6. The final challenge: the pir Pagaro again Epilogue Conclusion Glossary Bibliography.

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:The Arab World, Turkey, and the Balkans (1878–1914): A Handbook of Historical Statistics. By Justin McCarthy.Sadat. By David Hirst and Irene BeesonThe Wisdom of the Sasanian Sages (Dēnkard VI). By Āturpāt‐i Ēmetān. Translated by Shaul Shaked. Edited by Ehsan Yarshater.The Khilafat Movement: Religious Symbolism and Political Mobilization in India. By Gail Minault.Mir' at al‐'Ālam: History of Awrangzeb (1658–1668) of Muhammad Bakhtāwar Khan, 2 vols. Edited by Sajida S. Alvi.West Africa and Islam: A Study of Religious Development from the 8th to the 20th Century. By Peter B. Clarke.Vorlesungen über die Medizin im Islam. By Felix Klein‐Franke.Communication Skills for the Foreign‐Born Professional. By Gregory A. Barnes.Communicating with the Arabs. A Handbook for the Business Executive. By A. J. Almaney and A. J.Biblical and Extra‐Biblical Legends in Islamic Folk‐Literature. By Haim Schwarzbaum.The Hallowed Valley: a Muslim philosophy of religion. By Mohamed Kamil Husain. Translated by Kenneth Cragg.Islam and Revolution: Writings and Declarations of Imam Khomeini. Translated and Annotated by Hamid Algar.L'Algérie révélée: La guerre de 1914–1918 et le premier quart du XXe siècle. By Gilbert Meynier.Children of Abraham: Judaism/Christianity/Islam. By F. E. Peters.Women and Islam. Edited by Azizah al‐Hibri.Iraq & Iran: Roots of Conflict. By Tareq Y. Ismael.An Appraisal of OPEC Oil Policies. By Ali M. Jaidah.Buzkashi: Game and Power in Afghanistan. By G. Whitney Azoy.A History of Islamic Philosophy, 2nd ed. By Majid Fakhry.A Critical Biography of Prophet Mohamed [A True Story of the Arabian Prophet]. By P. Mohamed Ali.The Great Tiding: Interpretation of Juz' ‘Ammā, the Last Part of the Qur’ān. By Mahmoud Ayoub.The Muntakhab iwān al‐Hikmah of Abū Sulaimān al‐Sijistān? (Arabic Text, Introduction and Indices). Edited by D. M. DunlopCyclical Time and Ismaili Gnosis. By Henri Corbin.Soliman le Magnifique. By André Clot.The Islamic Struggle in Syria. By Umar F. Abd‐Allah.Cathedral on the Nile: A History of All Saints Cathedral, Cairo. By Arthur Burrell. Preface by Ghais Abdel Malek Bishop Elect in Egypt and a final chapter by Dr. Kenneth Cragg.Guide to Islam. By David Ede, Leonard Librande, Donald P. Little, Andrew Rippin, Richard Timms and Jan Weryho.Islam in Indonesia. A Bibliographical Survey. By B. J. Boland and I. Farjan.Atlas of the Islamic World since 1500. By Francis Robinson.Muslim‐Christian Relations and Inter‐Christian Rivalries in the Middle East. By John Joseph.Moros y Moriscos en el Levante Peninsular (Sharq al‐Andalus): Introducción Bibliográfica. By Mikel de Epalza, assisted by Maria de Jesús Paternina and Antonio Couto.Kabir: the Apostle of Hindu‐Muslim Unity. By Muhammad Hedyatullah.American Church Politics and the Middle East. Edited by Basheer K. Nijim.Islamic Resurgence in the Arab World. Edited by Ali E. Dessouki.

The Khilafat Movement: Religious Symbolism and Political Mobilization in India

This volume examines the cultural and educational movements that arose among the North Indian Muslim elites in the last quarter of the 19th century. The Khilafat movement is analyzed in detail: its emergence, alliance with the Congress, mass contact methods and organization of the movement and its eventual decline and collapse.

The Khilafat Movement. Religious Symbolism and Political Mobilization in India.

The Khilafat Movement. Religious Symbolism and Political Mobilization in India.

The Khilafat Movement in India, 1919-1924

The Khilafat Movement in India, 1919-1924

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviews in This Article:The Desert Bible. By Morris S. Seale.The Sense of Unity: The Sufi Tradition in Persian Architecture. By Nader Ardalan and Laleh Bakhtiar.Sayyid Ahmad. A Study of the Religious Reform Movement of Sayyid Ahmad of Rē Bareli. By Muhammad Hedayetullah.The Khilafat Movement in India, 1919‐1924. By A. C. Niemeijer.History of Medieval Deccan (1295‐1724), Vol. I (Mainly Political and Military Aspects). Edited by H. K. Sherwani and P. M. Joshi.New French Imperialism, 1880‐1910: The Third Republic and Colonial Expansion. By James J. Cooke.The U.S.S.R. and the Middle East. Edited by Michael Confino and Shimon Shamir.Survival or Hegemony? The Foundations of Israeli Foreign Policy. By Samuel J. Roberts.Truman, The Jewish Vote and the Creation of. Israel. By John Snetsinger.

Urdu Political Poetry during the Khilafat Movement

The Khilafat movement, which took place among Indian Muslims immediately following the First World War, was so called because it was a political agitation designed to pressure the British government to preserve the defeated Ottoman Empire and its ruler, the Caliph of Islam. The Khilafat movement was also, more fundamentally, a campaign to unite Indian Muslims politically by means of religious and cultural symbols meaningful to all strata of the community. The movement gained added significance because it took place simultaneously, and cooperated fully, with Gandhi's first non-violent non-cooperation movement against British rule. Muslim and Hindu were thus engaged in parallel political activity: the broadening of national political participation from the élite to the mass through new techniques of organization and communication.

The Khilafat Movement in India: The First Phase

When the european war ended in November 1918 the fate of the defeated Turkish Empire was no longer in doubt. The other fallen empire, Austria-Hungary, had been dismembered, and the Ottoman Turks could not hope to escape the consequences of allying themselves with Germany. For Indian Muslims this raised grave issues of the political power of Islam. They had provided a large number of recruits in the war and had contributed materially towards the defeat of Turkey. Their political leaders had regretted Turkey's entry into the war on the side of Britain's enemies; their sympathies, however, were with the Turks, for the Turkish Sultan was looked upon as the Khalifa, the temporal and spiritual leader of the Islamic community, and—still more important for Indian Muslims—the Khalifa stood for the unity of the Islamic people, and the Turkish Empire, by then the only surviving Islamic Empire, was the symbol of Islam's worldly power. Muslims in India fervently believed in the ideal of Islamic brotherhood. This had always been an integral part of the religious outlook of Islam, but Pan-Islamism appealed especially to Muslims in India because of their minority status. Their interest in the Khalifate was largely due to the fact that it was the one centre of authority to which they could look for protection. The spread of nationalism threatened to submerge them and made them anxious to preserve and strengthen the Khalifate as an institution which might provide them with a rallying point and mobilize in their defence the united forces of the Islamic world.