Kharkiv Region Research Articles

Agroecological substantiation of meliorative factors for restoration of soils disturbed by military actions

Тhe armed aggression of the Russian Federation has led to the disruption of balance in agroecosystems in Ukraine. The purpose of this study was to investigate the agroecological consequences of soil disturbance in agrocenosis due to explosive ordnance and to justify the use of ameliorative factors for soil fertility restoration. Vegetation studies were conducted at the «Institute of Applied Biotechnology». Soil samples for the experiment were collected from the liberated territories of Kharkiv region affected by military actions. Soil expertise, disrupted by explosive ordnance, revealed changes in agrochemical, biological, and toxicological indicators compared to the control plot of the agrocenosis. The humus content decreased by 39–46%, hydrolyzable nitrogen by 30–38%, mineral nitrogen by 36–48%, while the availability of mobile potassium increased by 115–139%. Significant excess of heavy metals content in the soil was detected: copper content increased by 3 times, lead — by 1.5 times, nickel — by 2.7 times, and cadmium — by 2.5 times. Microbiological processes were characterized by an increase in mineralization-immobilization coefficients, oligotrophy, pedotrophy, and a decrease in organic matter transformation indicator. Based on the observed changes, ameliorative factors were proposed aimed at soil fertility restoration. The application of nitrogen-phosphorus mineral fertilizer, winter wheat straw as organic fertilizer, and the biological preparation EcoStern Detox contributed to the improvement of soil agrochemical properties and optimized the direction of microbiological processes, but had no systemic impact on the change in the quantity of mobile forms of heavy metals. The positive impact of amelioration on the soil environment was confirmed by bioassay. Combining the studied ameliorative factors resulted in a 14.3–18.1% increase in maize plant height at the BBCH 14 stage, an increase in aboveground biomass by 24–46.2%, and root mass by 13.3–14.3% compared to the control. The highest growth in the development of the photosynthetic apparatus and root system was observed with the application of the entire complex of ameliorants. The obtained results are consistent with the soil analysis, as the simultaneous application of the EcoStern Detox biopreparation, mineral fertilizers, and straw led to a significant improvement in both agrochemical and biological soil indicators compared to the control and other research variants.

The role of aztreonam in rational antibacterial therapy of resistant nosocomial gram-negative infections. The new life for a well-known β-lactam

Background. The situation regarding the prevalence of resistant pathogens, types of β-lactamase products, and, accordingly, the justification of rational approaches to antibacterial therapy in Ukraine remains insufficiently studied. Objective: based on the determination of the etiological structure of the causative agents of hospital infections in the Kharkiv region and the state of their resistance due to the production of β-lactamases, to propose rational approaches to antibacterial therapy and assess the feasibility of using aztreonam as a potentially effective mean of treating infections caused by resistant bacteria. Materials and methods. In 251 patients, samples of biomaterials were tested by the polymerase chain reaction for the presence of the following gram-negative pathogens: P.aeruginosa, Enterobacter, E.coli, K.pneumoniae, Proteus spp. and A.baumanii. A molecular genetic study was also conducted to identify certain types of β-lactamases. Results. In the structure of hospital pathogens, the absolute majority of gram-negative bacteria belong to the enterobacteria family. When determining the profile of β-lactamases, we found that in 59.38 % of cases, E.coli was able to produce metallo-β-lactamases, which makes the therapy with carbapenems or ceftazidime-avibactam impossible. An alternative in such cases is a combination of aztreonam and ceftazidime-avibactam. When the causative agent K.pneumoniae is detected, in some cases there may also be a need for combined therapy with the use of aztreonam. It was found that Enterobacter spp. in most cases is sensitive to carbapenems. A.baumanii is completely insensitive to carbapenems and requires alternative approaches to antibacterial therapy, including aztreonam, ceftazidime-avibactam, and polymyxins. P.aeruginosa was found only as part of polymicrobial associations, so it was impossible to analyze its β-lactamase production profile. Conclusions. The results of the conducted study demonstrate an extremely high detection of gram-negative antibiotic-resistant pathogens in patients of the intensive care units in the Kharkiv region. Microorganisms such as E.coli and A.baumanii have the most unfavorable profile of antibiotic resistance, which is due to the high frequency of production of serine carbapenemases and metallo-β-lactamases, whose presence makes the effective use of carbapenems impossible.

Analysis of local anesthetics side effects and determination of ways for their minimization

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the development of side effects of drugs is one of the serious medical problems.The relevance of this problem is proven by numerous statistical data obtained in different countries of the world. The aim of the study was to determine the assortment of local anesthetics (LAs) on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine, to analyze the evidence base of the effectiveness and safety of modern LAs, to monitor the side effects (SEs) of LAs in Kharkiv and Kharkiv region for the period 2018–2021, and to provide recommendations for their minimization. The methods of passive pharmacovigilance, method of spontaneous reports, method of system approach and system analysis were used in the study. To analyze the clinical effectiveness and conditions of rational use of LAs, well-known data bases were used: Cochrane Library, Trip Database, and PubMed. These databases contain systematized primary or secondary information on a specific clinical issue: the effectiveness and safety of various medical technologies. The results of the analysis of the assortment of LAs on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine showed that in 2023, based on 9 international non-patented names of LAs, 65 trade names were presented. Bupivacaine and procaine drugs (16 trade names each) and articaine drugs in combinations (13 trade names) are market leaders. The results of the analysis of notification cards with cases of SEs for 4 years revealed that the majority of them in the form of dizziness, weakness, changes in blood pressure, heart rate, edema, itching, hyperemia at the site of application were recorded when using lidocaine drugs, which are the most in demand and popular among doctors. According to the data of systematic reviews, the main directions for reducing the side effects of LAs have been established, such as administration under ultrasound control, the use of the least toxic modern anesthetics ropivacaine and levobupivacaine (not available on the Ukrainian market), the addition of substances with vasoconstrictive properties to the anesthetic solution, the use of combinations of long-acting and short-acting anesthetics. The results obtained can be used by practicing doctors and health care organizers to optimize LAs.

Порівняльний аналіз субклінічного тривожно-депресивного синдрому в пацієнтів із гострим інфарктом міокарда з елевацією сегмента ST до та під час активних бойових дій у Харківській області

The aim – to assess subclinical emotional distress in patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) before and during the ongoing conflict in the Kharkiv Region. Materials and methods. The study encompassed 242 patients exhibiting subclinical emotional distress and hospitalized with STEMI at «L.T. Malaya TNI of NAMSU» before active conflict, compared with 65 patients during the conflict. Adherence to ethical standards was ensured, in line with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration, and the protocol received approval from the local ethics committee (Protocol № 8, dated 29.08.2016, and Protocol № 4, dated 12.05.2022). Participants completed the DASS-21 questionnaire, reflecting their emotional state 10–14 days prior, and received STEMI treatment as per current guidelines.Results. We showed that anxiety more frequent appeared during the active hostilities (p=0.0218). Depression had the influence on excessive smoking (p=0.0199), LV EF decrease (p=0.0057), LDL-C increase (p=0.0393). Anxiety and stress intrude into hypertension frequency (p=0.0171, p=0.0489) consequently as well as anxiety – on LDL-C increase (p=0.0068). All data of subclinical emotional distress during active hostilities associate with the frequency of smoking increase: p=0.0422 for depression, p=0.0275 for anxiety and p=0.0199 for stress. Depression associates with LVEF decrease (p=0.0267), the leucocytes count increase (p=0.0467), high frequency of hypertension (p=0.0410). Anxiety associates with higher heart rate (p=0.0277), depression and stress – with younger age (p=0.0369).Conclusions. Our research demonstrates close associations between the data of subclinical emotional distress both in patients with STEMI before and during the active hostilities in Kharkiv Region. Data were assessed with DASS-21 questionnaire on 10 –14 day prior the event. These results should be undertaken during general practitioner’s appointment to prevent further cardiovascular event.

Local government resilience in the face of Russian aggression: the case of Ukraine

Local government resilience in the face of Russian aggression: the case of Ukraine

THE IMPACT OF MILITARY ACTIONS ON UNIQUE NATURAL OBJECTS OF KHARKIV REGION

This article explores the impact of military actions on unique natural objects in the Kharkiv region. A comprehensive analysis of the consequences of armed conflicts on the natural environment and nature reserves of the region has been conducted. In particular, aspects such as loss of biodiversity, pollution of water resources, and damage to ecosystems are examined. The article also discusses possible measures for the restoration and preservation of natural objects after military events, aimed at restoring ecological balance and ensuring the stability of natural ecosystems in the region. Risk calculations for public health due to soil pollution after a forest fire in the "FELDMAN ECO-PARK" show that the risk corresponds to Class 4 for mobile forms and gross content of pollutants (significant impact, severe acute effects). The use of a methodological approach to assess potential health risks allows determining the level of danger of recreational activities in the eco-park, identifying priorities for the implementation of nature conservation measures. Conducting such research will help identify effective ways of restoring and preserving natural ecosystems in the area affected by Russian aggression, ensuring their sustainable functioning in the future. The restoration of the eco-park is not only about designing and building new enclosures and playgrounds. It is also about restoring the ecosystem, a unique nature reserve for preserving biodiversity and rare species of animals and plants. According to various estimates, complete cleaning of forests and other areas from explosive remnants of war may take from one to several decades after the end of hostilities. Therefore, it is crucial for the international community to take responsibility for protecting nature and the environment during armed conflicts and contribute to its further development. The Protocol to the Geneva Conventions calls for protecting nature from war damage, representing a significant direction in international law recognized by many countries worldwide.

THE INFLUENCE OF ATOPY ON CYSTIC FIBROSIS COURSE IN CHILDREN

The relevance of research. The course of cystic fibrosis (CF) depends on the influence of different modifying factors. One of these factors is atopy. The role of atopy in CF course is incompletely determined today and requires further study. The purpose of the study: to improve medical care for patients with CF by clarifying the pathogenetic role of atopy in the disease course. Materials and methods. Analysis of data from a clinical and paraclinical examination of 42 children with CF in the Kharkiv region. Patients were divided into two groups: with an elevated level of total immunoglobulin E (n=19) and with a normal level of this indicator (n=23) to determine the features of CF course depending on the atopy presence. Results and discussion. In the group with elevated and normal levels of total serum IgE, boys were predominant, as in the general population, and accounted for 73.6% and 60.8%, respectively. The first manifestations of CF were represented mainly by intestinal signs in both groups at 68.4% and 73.9% of cases, respectively. Data analysis of the clinical features of CF course in children with elevated level of IgE (severity of lung and liver lesions) revealed results without significant differences between groups. High level of sensitivity to ordinary domestic, food and pollen allergens was not detected in children of group with elevated level of IgE. Patients with CF and atopy were found to have a probable increase in the levels of CD3, IgM, spontaneous NBT; phagocytosis of latex; decreasing in the levels of CD4, IgA compared to the group with a normal level of total IgE. Conclusion. Features of the CF phenotype associated with the atopy were analyzed. The received data can be used when determining the treatment algorithm, taking into account the individual characteristics of the disease course.

Efficiency of using levamisole-based anthelmintics

Animal parasitic diseases cause major losses to the livestock industry and require constant monitoring and control. The purpose of this study was to monitor the livestock (calves, goats, sheep, pigs, dogs, chickens) for the presence of helminthic pathogens, to determine the therapeutic efficacy of levamisole-based preparations and the general toxicity of meat of experimental animals using the Colpoda steinii test culture. In 2020-2022, a considerable spread of invasive animal diseases was detected in the Kharkiv region of Ukraine. In a study of 3,500 calves, 1,000 (28.6%) were found to be persistently infected with nematodes with an intensity of 25.0-150.0 worm eggs per 1 g of faeces. In goats, the intensity of endoparasite infection ranged within 10.0-15.0 worm eggs per 1 g of faeces, while in sheep this figure reached 25.0 worm eggs per 1 g of faeces. In the study of faeces from pigs, 800 (34.8%) samples revealed the presence of helminth eggs, while mono-infestation was detected in 300 samples (37.5%). In the study of canine faeces, 10 (66.7%) positive samples were found. When examining the manure from chickens, 200 (44.4%) positive samples revealed the presence of helminth eggs. The use of levamisole dosage forms can reduce the extent of infection in animals by 50% as early as on Day 5. No worm eggs were detected in the faeces of animals from Day 14 to Day 30 of observation, and therefore the extensional efficacy of the studied products under modern conditions is 100%. Meat obtained from farm animals (pigs, calves, sheep) treated with levamisole-based preparations shows signs of general toxicity within 5...9 days after the use of the products: 5 days for pigs and 9 days for calves and sheep. At the same time, meat obtained from poultry (chickens) treated with levamisole-based preparations shows signs of general toxicity within 2 days after the end of the treatment course

Determination of predictive factors in families of girls with menstrual disorders comorbid with endocrine system pathology

Objective — to determine predictive factors in the families of girls with menstrual disorders comorbid with endocrine system pathology. Materials and methods. The genealogical analysis was carried out in the families of 47 girls with oligomenorrhea (OM) and 44 girls with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) comorbid with endocrine system pathology. The comparison group consisted of the pedigrees of 30 families of healthy girls living in Kharkiv and Kharkiv Region. During the genealogical study, we observed the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, the Council of Europe Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being, and the relevant laws of Ukraine. The Student’s t­test was used to determine the significance of the differences between the signs. The predictive implications of the studied signs were determined by the Wald method with informativity estimation using the Kullback criterion. Results and discussion. Hereditary burden of reproductive, gynecological non­inflammatory, endocrine diseases and environmental factors was identified in the families of girls with OM and AUB comorbid with endocrine pathology: pernicious habits and stress in the mothers of sick girls before and during pregnancy, threatened miscarriage. Risk factors for the sick girls included artificial feeding of a girl, stress, traumatizing of a girl, and prolonged use of the Internet and gadgets. Among non­communicable diseases in relatives of sick girls, the most common were gynecological non­inflam­matory diseases when compared with the relatives of girls with AUB and healthy girls (p < 0.001), while relatives of healthy girls mostly suffered from nervous system disorders (p < 0.05). Common and distinct predictive signs in the families of girls with OM and AUB and comorbid endocrine pathology have been identified. Conclusions. The predictive factors in the families of girls with OM and AUB have been identified, the use of which will allow forming high-risk groups as regards the high risk of menstrual disorders based on the genealogical analysis.

FEATURES OF ENSURING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES IN THE KHARKIV REGION

The research article is devoted to a detailed analysis and discussion of the problem of ensuring the sustainable development of territorial communities in the Kharkiv region. The authors examine the current state of economic, social, and ecological development of communities, identifying the main challenges facing local governments and communities. Keywords: socio-economic potential, sustainable development, territorial communities, investments, post-war reconstruction, marketing communications.

RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS BUILT BEHIND THE STATE INDUSTRY BUILDING (DERZHPROM) IN THE LATE 1920S AND EARLY 1930S: BLOCKS EAST OF NAUKY AVENUE

The article is devoted to residential buildings built in the late 1920s and early 1930s in the metropolitan Kharkiv, in the area behind the State Industry Building (Derzhprom) east of Nauky Avenue. The design andconstruction of these residential neighbourhoods, which took place between 1926 and the late 1930s and had their peculiarities and diversity, are not sufficiently covered in scientific works and require a dedicated study. The preservation, documentation, and restoration of modernist buildings and complexes in eastern Ukraine, especially in the Kharkiv region, require the creation of a periodisation and systematisation of buildings belonging to this glorious period of architectural development. Residential districts created in the 1920s and 1930s in Soviet Ukraine, particularly in the metropolitan Kharkiv, are objects of cultural and historical value subject to documentation and analysis. The tendency to highlight the most outstanding examples leaves out the contextual buildings, which formed the basis of the development of the residential area behind Derzhprom and created a coherent architectural and temporal background of the urban landscape of the new administrative centre of the metropolitan Kharkiv. Meanwhile, the contextual buildings created an architectural setting for more famous examples, such as the Slovo House. When studying the scientific works of Kharkiv architecture researchers, one can pay attention to the coverage of residential blocks to the west of Nauky Avenue, an area with a radial-ring structure, and the almost complete absence of research on residential blocks in the part of the district to the east of the avenue. This fact is quite unfortunate, as the architectural landscape of the blocks in this part of the residential area is notable in its spatial, functional, and stylistic structure. In addition, these blocks are rich in ‘red’ residential buildings, raised in the second half of the 1920s in various cities of Soviet Ukraine, which became a kind of visiting card of life in the Soviet Union then. Keywords: Kharkiv, Derzhprom, residential buildings, Chervonyi Donets, Slovo, KofOk, Chervonyi brodylnyk.

ANALYSIS OF THE INTEGRAL EFFICIENCY OF MEDICAL AID FOR NEWBORN IN UKRAINE

Introduction. Preservation of life and quality of health of newborns is an urgent problem for formation of the future of society and mankind, defense capability, labor reserve and intellectual potential of the country. The fundamental basis for the formation and maintenance of health of newborns is the existence of eff ective health care systems. Objective information about the eff ectiveness of medical care of newborns and its dynamics is the basis for evaluation of achievement of planned results and development of necessary medical organizational technologies. The aim of the study is to analyze and evaluate the integrated eff ectiveness of medical care for newborns in Ukraine at the national and regional levels.Material and Methods. In order to carry out the research, statistical reporting materials on the activities of health care institutions providing medical care to mothers and newborns in all periods of their development for 2018, 2022 were used. The analysis of the integral eff ectiveness of medical care for newborns was carried out using a modifi ed model of the fi nal results of health care institutions. I with the calculations of coeffi cients of comprehensive assessment (CCA) and coeffi cients of achievement of normative values (CANV) of individual indicators with their gradation from high (0,8-1) to low (0,1-0,49) levels. The methods of system approach, bibliographic, statistical data processing and graphical representation are applied.Results. A comprehensive study of the integrated eff ectiveness of medical care for newborns at the national and regional levels conducted at the population level showed a suffi cient, above- average level of achievement of results CCA 0.75 in 2018 and 0.76 in 2022) without clear geological patterns in 2018 and signifi cant diff erences in 2022. – From a high level of CCA (0.82-0.94) in Volyn, Zakarpattia, Ivano- Frankivsk, Lviv, Mykolaiv, Ternopil, Kharkiv and Khmelnytsky regions to a low level of CCA (0.41 and 0.35) in Donetsk and Kherson regions. The study of the main indicative indicators of the eff ectiveness of medical care for newborns in 2022 proved a suffi cient achievement. The normative values of coverage of newborns by screening programs, BCG vaccination, survival and mortality rates of newborns, neonatal transfer index (CANV =0.96, 0.82, 0.94, 0.82 and 0.76, respectively). The most problematic indicators of medical care for newborns with low and below- average levels of the coeffi cient of achievement of results, which are signifi cantly associated with the deterioration of the health of pregnant women and the course of childbirth, are the frequency of low weight, sick newborns (CANV = 0.48, 0.51) and the frequency of transmission of HIV infection from mother to child (CANV = 0.4), which is associated with the fullapplication of an eff ective 4-component strategy for prevention of HIV transmission from mother to child.Conclusions. A toolkit for integral assessment of the eff ectiveness of medical care for newborns as a measure of viability and health quality of the off spring at all stages of ontogenesis has been developed. makes it possible to ensure on a unifi ed basis objective assessment and monitoring of it as a whole, by region and by individual indicators with the subsequent development of measures to infl uence the identifi ed problems and their implementation in the activities of maternal and child health care. The model of integral eff ectiveness of medical care of newborns is a pilot project and has dynamic properties, therefore, in the future, when the normative values of indicators of comprehensive assessment are reached, their revision is planned.

MILITARY ECOCIDE IN UKRAINE AS A DESTRUCTIVE CONSEQUENCE OF THE USE OF RUSSIAN MISSILES AND PROJECTILES

Effectively, russia’s aggression against Ukraine can be considered the first case of intentional ecocide during wartime in this century. Through its actions, russia has caused massive destruction of the animal and plant world, pollution of the atmosphere, Ukrainian fertile lands, and water resources. According to calculations by the working group at the State Environmental Inspection, as of January 2023, the ecological damage to Ukraine during the 11 months of russian military aggression amounts to over 1 trillion 743 billion hryvnias, or over 47.6 billion dollars. This sum includes hundreds of thousands of square kilometers of ruined soil and devastated lands, forest fires, emissions of poisonous substances into the atmosphere, destruction of animals, alterations to the migratory paths of birds, and more. The top five regions most affected by ecocide in Ukraine are Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv, Mykolaiv, Donetsk, and Zaporizhzhia regions.
 The study of war ecocide crimes allows to systematise them by the following features: air pollution, soil pollution, destruction of green spaces, destruction of wildlife, water pollution, unauthorized use of subsoil, and disruption of ecosystems Since the beginning of the full-scale armed aggression by russian occupation forces on objects within the 71 territory of Ukraine, almost 6,500 missile strikes and nearly 3,500 aerial strikes have been carried out, resulting in environmental damage.
 Missiles launched onto Ukrainian territory carry hundreds and thousands of kilograms of chemical substances. In case of complete combustion and dispersion of remnants into the surrounding environment, they pose significant pollution and are toxic to all living beings.
 The destruction of the upper fertile layer of soil, which has been forming over centuries, occurs as a result of missile explosions, artillery shells of various types, cluster bombs, drones, mines, and various types of multiple rocket launchers.
 A significant problem is the contamination of soil with chemical substances, leading to a reduction in fertility and causing harm to both humans and animals living in polluted areas. In substantial areas of Ukraine, there is considerable damage to the surface layer of the soil due to the burning of munitions. The detonation of missiles, artillery shells, cluster bombs results in the release of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrogen oxides, formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, nitrogen, as well as a large amount of toxic organic compounds, which then enter the soil.
 According to assessments from the Kyiv School of Economics and Zoï Environment Network, a total of 186,000 km2 of land, nearly 31% of Ukraine's territory, is at risk of damage and pollution. Among them, over 20,000 km2 are damaged by more than 75% In addition to missiles, the aggressor country employs projectiles of various calibers and cluster bombs, the detonation of which causes environmental destruction, including damage to buildings, structures, industrial facilities, soil, wildlife, and ecosystems. Ukrainian land has transformed into a horrifying testing ground for various types of weaponry, including long-range artillery, salvo fire systems, phosphorus bombs, and guided missiles.
 A threatening issue is the replacement of territories, particularly agricultural lands. A mined area loses its intended purpose and cannot be utilized for a long period. Additionally, the demining of such territory requires substantial expenses.
 Therefore, russian missiles and projectiles pose a deadly threat to humans, animals, plants, harm the environment, devastate soil, water bodies, forests, destroy infrastructure, alter landscapes, and dismantle ecosystems.
 Thus, the investigation of war ecocide crimes involving russian missiles and projectiles allows the conclusion that these are extremely harmful actions resulting from military aggression. Those who perpetrate them are well aware of the serious and irreversible long-term damage inflicted on the environment.

Identification of risk factors influencing pregnancy complications development

Background. According to the WHO, about 830 women die every day worldwide from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth. In the recent years, Kharkiv region remains one of the problematic regions of adverse pregnancy outcomes according to the integrated assessment of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Against the backdrop of an unfavorable demographic situation, the problem of researching various aspects of the pregnancy period is becoming more and more urgent. Most of the complications that occur during pregnancy are considered from the side of general medical approaches, including hormonal disorders, infectious complications, immunological disorders, etc. The aim of the work was to study and assess the influence of risk factors on pregnancy complications. Materials and Methods. For the study, the pregnant women were distributed into two groups: the Main Group (MG) included 299 pregnant women who had complications during pregnancy, and the Control Group (CG) – 199 pregnant women with a normal pregnancy. The median (minimum; maximum) age was in MG was 32 (21; 44) years, in CG – 31 (24; 45) years (p>0.05). The median values of the pregnancy period during the survey were 28 weeks for the MG and 26 weeks for the CG (p>0.05). Results and Conclusions. It was determined that biological, socio-economic and socio-psychological lifestyle factors have the greatest influence. The presence of diseases of the cardiovascular system (including hypertension) and diseases of the genitourinary system in a pregnant woman increased the risk of complications during pregnancy by 31.4 times in MG; and by 23.3 times – in CG. The presence of stress in everyday life and, as a result, the deterioration of the psychological state of the pregnant woman increased the chances of pathology of the course by 42.6 and 40.7 times, respectively. Low financial status of the family increased the risk by 16.5 times. Keywords: pathology of pregnancy, preventable deaths of pregnant women, stress.

STRATEGIC LEVERS OF STATE REGULATION OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

The article substantiates and carries out a scientific assessment of the effectiveness of development and the peculiarities of the formation of the agro-production sphere in the conditions of our time. The subject-object basis of the research is the activity of enterprises in the agro-production sphere of Ukraine and agricultural enterprises of the Kharkiv region, Ukraine and foreign countries. The economy of the state and its development at the time of management depends more than anything on the progress and efficiency of the business entities of the agro-industrial complex (APC). In this context, agricultural entrepreneurship plays a key role in preserving the integrity of village territories, developing their infrastructure, and shaping the material well-being of the population, which covers not only the rural but also the general economy. In addition, agricultural entrepreneurship plays an important role in macroeconomic indicators, which are actively included in the gross domestic product of Ukraine. It occupies a stable leading position among other branches of the country’s economy.

Попередня оцінка втрат для рибного господарства Харківської області внаслідок воєнних дій

Purpose. Based on the author’s materials, to carry out a preliminary assessment of ecological and economic losses caused to the fisheries complex of the Kharkiv region as a result of military actions. Methodology. Field studies on water bodies of the Kharkiv Region, which were affected by military actions, were conducted. Public data of the State Agency of Land Reclamation and Fisheries of Ukraine in the Kharkiv Region (2021–2023) were used. The following research methods were used during the assessment of the ecological consequences and economic losses caused to the aquatic biological resources of water bodies of the Kharkiv region: analytical – collection of information from official sources of enterprises and institutions carrying out economic activities, control and monitoring of water bodies; geoinformation – assessment of the actual hydrological regime of water bodies; identification of the spatial location, measurement of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of water areas formed after the reservoirs drying-up; hydrobiological – determination of fish species and other hydrobiont composition; statistical – for qualitative and quantitative assessment of commercial ichthyofauna and the economic damage inflicted to the fishery; forecast –assessment of the potential transformation of the species biodiversity of the ecosystem in time under different conditions of further development of the water sector of Ukraine. Findings. The impact of military actions on the conditions of existence of aquatic biological resources in the Oskil and Pechenegi reservoirs, on the functioning of special commercial fish farms, the production of aquaculture products, and the development of industrial and recreational fishing in the region has been preliminarily assessed. The calculation of economic losses for aquatic bioresources of water bodies of the Kharkiv region was carried out. Originality. For the first time, a preliminary assessment of losses for the fisheries industry (including commercial, recreational fishing, aquaculture) of the Kharkiv region due to military actions was carried out. Practical value. The obtained results have important and multifaceted practical value, in particular they can be used for: assessment of environmental damage caused to Ukraine as a result of military actions; rational management of water and fisheries management due to restoration of water ecosystems exposed to military impact; development of recommendations on restoration of ecosystem services; spread of social awareness about the post-war environmental challenges of the future; making decisions about investments in natural resources and the use of ecosystem services.

Epiphytic bryophyte communities of the Dendrological Park “Olexandria” of the NAS of Ukraine

The article presents the results of research on epiphytic bryophyte communities of the Dendrological Park “Olexandria”. The study was conducted in the historical part of the arboretum in 2021. Among the investigated phorophytes were the following tree species: Acer platanoides, A. pseudoplatanus, Betula pendula, Carpinus betulus, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus robur, Populus sp., Salix babylonica, and some others.The research results showed that the epiphytic bryophyte vegetation of the historical part of the Dendrological Park “Olexandria” is represented by two unranked communities and 11 associations belonging to six unions, four orders, and three classes. The most widespread in the arboretum are the associations Dicrano scoparii-Hypnetum filiformis, Platygyrietum repentis, Leskeetum polycarpae, and the rankless community Leucodon sciuroides of the class Frullanio dilatatae-Leucodontetea sciuroidis.It is shown that in terms of the number of detected bryophyte associations, the Dendrological Park “Olexandria” is similar to the National Nature Park “Homilsha Woods”, which is located in the Kharkiv region (hosts 11 reported associations) and the Nature Reserve “Kanivskyi” in the Cherkasy region (12 reported associations). However, it is poorer than the National Nature Park “Holosiivskyi” in Kyiv, where 16 bryoassociations were registered.

Children’s choir in the works of Valentyna Drobiazhina

Relevance of the research topic. Music for children’s choir is represented by a significant layer in the creative heritage of Ukrainian composers. However, children’s choral music has hardly been considered in musicolo-gical research. Among the composers of the Kharkiv region, the choral works of V. Drobiazhina received special recognition. The lack of musicological research on the composer’s work has determined the relevance of this work.
 The purpose of the article is to analyze the peculiarities of the artistic aesthetics and compositional style of V. Drobiazhina’s choral music for children.
 The methodology of the theoretical analysis combines fundamental methods and approaches to modeling a holistic picture of the composer’s children’s choral heritage: genre-stylistic; functional-structural; systemic.
 The results. The first collection “Merry Songs” for junior children’s choir, was published in 1976. Jazz rhythms and harmonies, alternating recitation and singing, consonant intonation characterize this cycle. “In the Forest Workshop” is the most popular one among V. Drobiazhina’s works, and it is performed by many children’s choirs in Ukraine. The choir imitates the sounds of the winter forest and creates a premonition of spring. “Spring” is one of V. Drobiazhina’s last compositions. The artist’s extremely delicate sensual soul, passionate love for Ukraine and its musical culture are fully reflected here.
 The scientific novelty of the research. The genre-stylistic aspect of V. Drobiazhina’s choral music for children, the peculiarities of aesthetics and composer’s style are highlighted in the article for the first time.
 The practical significance of the article lies in the fact that these materials can be used in the courses “Choral Literature” and “History and Theory of Choral Performance”.
 Conclusions. Music for children’s choir is one of the most outstanding pages of V. Drobiazhina’s composi-tional heritage. The uniqueness of V. Drobiazhina’s children’s choral music lies in the combination of the extraordinary richness of the musical material with accessibility both for perception and performance. The composer’s music organically combines Ukrainian national traditions with modern means of expression.

Діяльність націоналістичних організацій Харківщини та їх роль у допомозі остарбайтерам

The purpose of the article is to analyze the activities of the national organizations of Kharkiv region in the struggle for independent Ukraine both against the USSR and against Germany during the Second World War and to clarify their role in preventing the export of the Ukrainian Ostarbaiters to Germany. The research methodology is based on the use of the historiographical analysis method, the historical-systemic and problem-chronological method, the method of critical analysis. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that for the first time the systematization and analysis of materials dedicated to the activities of the nationalist movement in the Kharkiv region was carried out in order to determine the role of national organizations in helping ostarbaiters. Conclusions. A special role in the development of the nationalist movement in the Kharkiv region during the World War ІІ belongs to the Derivative groups of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists. Kharkiv residents revived the activities of "Prosvita" and organized the "Kharkov Civic Committee". Their main task was the restoration of the independence of the Ukrainian state and the recognition of its legitimacy by the Soviet and German authorities. In Kharkiv, in order to achieve a similar goal, representatives of nationalist organizations tried to occupy positions in German authorities, especially in particular Kharkiv residents. Among the large number of lands captured by Germany, it was Ukraine that became the source of replenishing the labor force for the benefit of the Third Reich. Nationalist organizations contributed to preventing the deportation of the population of Kharkiv region to work in Germany. The activities in this direction of V. Dolenka and M. Gorban, who tried to solve it through their influence on the members of the "Kharkov Public Committee" and "Prosvita", who worked in the bodies of the occupying German authorities, should be highlighted.

Forest Site and Stand Structure Affecting the Distribution of Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), in Eastern Ukraine

The Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), an invasive phloem-boring beetle, was first detected in the Luhansk Region of Ukraine in 2019. Subsequently, it rapidly expanded its presence to encompass a significant portion of the Kharkiv region and the parks of Kyiv. Previous research has established that the climatic conditions in Luhansk and its neighboring regions are conducive to the EAB, and the absence of a host plant (Fraxinus sp.) does not act as a deterrent to the pest’s expansion in Ukraine. Recognizing the urgency of identifying infested trees, our current research aimed to identify the most attractive EAB forest subcompartments based on forest site conditions and stand structure. Utilizing the MaxEnt model, we achieved an average performance in predicting the potential distribution of the EAB (AUC = 0.842). The six most impactful variables, contributing to 88.2% of the model, include “age of trees, years”, “area of forest subcompartment, ha”, “mean height of trees, m”, “proportion of Fraxinus excelsior in the stand composition, %”, “hygrotope index (humidity level), point”, and “number of neighboring-non-forest subcompartments”. Most likely, EAB occurrence is expected in the driest forest site conditions; the well-lit and warmed-up parts of stands, in particular; small subcompartments surrounded by non-forest landscapes; and forest shelter belts near roads and fields. However, the data obtained can be considered preliminary. To enhance the accuracy of our forecasting, it may be imperative to consider data on road localization, along which the pest can spread passively, as well as dominant wind speed.