Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug Yugra Research Articles

Heavy metal accumulation in the phytomass of plants in the Bolshoy Yugan River valley, Surgut District, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra

Processes of heavy metal accumulation in plants are increasingly attracting research attention due to the high toxicity of such substances. The pollutants accumulated in the aerial (green leaves, stems, inflorescences) and underground (roots) mass of plants cause oxidative stress associated with the production of reactive oxygen species. In this work, we investigate the accumulation of heavy metals (nickel, lead, chromium, and cadmium) in the aerial mass of plants growing in the Surgut district of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra. In total, leaves from 15 plant species widespread in the studied area were collected for elemental analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy. About 6–7 mg/kg of nickel was found in the green mass of reed canary grass and heal-all (Prunella vulgaris), which exceeds significantly the nickel amount in the aerial mass of сouch grass, marsh bedstraw, and broadleaf plantain. The aerial parts of reed canary grass and broadleaf plantain were found to accumulate more than 4 mg/kg of lead, while those of bladder sedge, сouch grass, and marsh bedstraw accumulate about 2–3 mg/kg of chromium. More than 2 mg/kg of cadmium was found in сouch grass. The results obtained were used to compile series of accumulation of elements in the aerial parts of floodplain plant species. The content of the studied heavy metals in the aerial phytomass of all studied plants, except for сouch grass, ranges within standard values, corresponding to their maximum permissible concentrations.

Program “Country of Aipin” (Out-of-Class Reading Lessons, Grades 5–7)

In his work, a literature teacher should always place special emphasis not only on the acquisition by children and adolescents of a certain amount of knowledge, but also on the development of the child’s cognitive and creative abilities as an individual, and the formation of a sense of patriotism. When a teacher introduces a child to the wonderful world of literature from the Little Motherland, he is able to teach him to make decisions and perform moral actions, i.e. master the key competencies that modern quality education requires. At all times, an important component in training and education is the formation of a patriotic feeling and respect for national culture. It is in this context that the “Country of Aipin” Program was compiled (extra-curricular reading lessons, grades 5–7), which is based on such a form of work as literary local history. The “Country of Aipin” program (extra-curricular reading lessons, grades 5–7), aimed at supporting and promoting reading, will help children immerse themselves in the literary world of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra, perceive a book written by a local author as a source of spiritual ideals that shape the moral worldview of a growing child generation of Ugra. The curriculum for extracurricular reading was compiled for teachers of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra to conduct extracurricular reading lessons in grades 5–7 of a secondary school. The purpose of these lessons is to develop a taste for serious reading, create conditions for the formation of independent reading activity of schoolchildren in grades 5–7, introduce students to modern Ugra literature, form a general culture and erudition that contributes to the development of verbal logical thinking, cognitive activity, memory and speech. This program is built at the level of interdisciplinary connections. Recommended for teachers of literature and humanities subjects in secondary schools.

Improving the quality of the forecast through methods of combining forecasts

Subject of research: The article is devoted to the comparison of forecasting methods and methods of combining forecasts when forecasting average monthly wages for some regions of the Russian Federation for the period from January 2013 to July 2022.
 Purpose of the study: To test the hypothesis of improving forecast quality through forecast pooling methods.
 Methods and objects of research: Time series of average monthly wages in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug Yugra, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Sverdlovsk region are used to compare forecasting methods and methods of combining forecasts. The paper considers forecasting methods: TBATS, ARIMA, exponential smoothing, ETS, Theta, STL, polynomial regression and the approach in combining forecasts by the Granger-Ramanathan method.
 Main results of research: The paper presents the results of comparison of forecasting methods and approach in combining forecasts by Granger-Ramanathan method. Time series of average monthly wages were taken from statistical collections of Rosstat. The forecast horizon was set at 12, 18 and 24 points. The Granger-Ramanathan method showed that in most cases it is possible to improve the quality of the forecast by combining private forecasts.

Views matter: an analysis of public opinion on the activities of non-profit organizations

The subject of the study is public opinion about the activities of non-profit organizations. The third sector in modern conditions of social development plays a key role in social support for citizens. Low awareness of the work of NPOs, as well as a low level of trust on the part of the population, do not fully allow non-profit organizations to be actively involved in solving social problems in the region, to reveal the possibilities of effectively compensating for imperfections in public services, and to increase self-sufficiency and self-employment of the population. The purpose of the study was to study the perception of the activities of non-profit organizations by society, as well as to compare the results in different regions of the Russian Federation. The study was carried out in two stages. At the first stage, the results of a survey of citizens of Russian regions (Irkutsk region, Republic of Buryatia) about their ideas and perceptions of the activities of non-profit public organizations were analyzed. At the second stage, an analysis of similar studies in other territories was carried out. Based on the study, the following conclusions can be drawn: the study showed that, in general, the population of the studied regions of the Russian Federation is aware of the activities of non-profit organizations, however, the lowest level was identified among residents of the Irkutsk region, while residents of the Republic of Buryatia and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra showed higher awareness. It should be noted that the surveyed residents more often use «social networks» as sources of information about the ongoing work of NPOs. Based on the results of the analysis, a list of recommendations was formulated for the management of non-profit organizations.

The impact of adverse climatic conditions and forms of labour management on the quality of life of the population

Introduction. The quality of life is a cumulative characteristic of different aspects of a person’s life affected by uncomfortable climatic and geographical conditions.
 Materials and methods. The health-related quality of life was studied using the SF-36 questionnaire. Men and women engaged in mental labour were residents of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra, manual workers (men) lived outside the district and worked on a rotational basis.
 Results. The indicators of the quality of life according to the state of health among the workers of the northern region, depending on the nature of labour activity and gender were determined. In the examined groups, latent factors of the quality of life were revealed.
 Limitations. Men and women engaged in mental work; men working on a rotational basis.
 Conclusion. The conditions of the northern region in the quality of life were determined by the state of health, there are differences associated with the nature of labour activity and gender. Occupationally conditioned increased social activity was shown to negatively affect on the somatic and mental health of males. As a result, in groups of office workers, the gender characteristics of self-assessment of psychological criteria for the quality of life are partially levelled, in the presence of differences in the physical component. The leading factor in the quality of life for them was the psychological comfort. For men engaged in physical labour, the leading factor in the quality of life was the scale of role functioning, due to physical condition, that is, the most important thing for them was the possibility of life, not limited by deviations in physical health.

Socio-demographic characteristics of those convicted of criminal logging of forest plantations on the territory of the khanty-mansi autonomous okrug – yugra

Subject of research: socio-demographic characteristics of a criminal convicted of an act provided for in Article 260 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
 The purpose of the study: based on the analysis of the judicial practice of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug Yugra in cases of illegal logging (Article 260 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), to propose a socio-demographic characteristic of convicted persons in the autonomous district.
 Methods and objects of research: the methodological basis is represented by the dialectical method of scientific cognition. In the process of research, specialized methods of cognition were used. Thus, when presenting the empirical material, formulating the results, and drawing conclusions of the research, methods of formal logic were applied. In compiling the socio-demographic characteristic of convicted persons, analysis, synthesis, as well as the comparative legal method were used.
 The main results and conclusions based on the results of the study: convicted persons for committing illegal logging are male individuals aged 50 years and older, with a secondary education, and currently unemployed.

Геоинформационное картографирование размещения населения для анализа его пространственной динамики

The change in the population is the most important indicator, the reflection of which on the map allows you to obtain a visual picture of many interconnected processes occurring in the studied territory. The study solved the task of creating a series of cards that reflect a change in the population in the settlements of the Tyumen Region based on these censuses of the population of 1926 and 2010. This work provides for the development of modern geoinformation and cartographic support of socio-economic studies related to the analysis of the location of the population based on spatial databases. The choice of a large period of time and the associated significant changes in the names and the general structure of the placement of settlements leads to the need for a thorough and comprehensive study of information, determining its relevance to solve the tasks. Further, a number of problems were solved: methodological (development of the structure and content of maps) and methodical (organization of the geodatabase (BGD), the creation and design of thematic cards). As part of the study, the design of the structure of the database of spatial data was performed, and then its filling based on the censuses of the population and official statistical indicators about the population of the Tyumen Region (including the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug—Yugra and the Yamalo-Nenetskij Autonomous Okrug). For all presented cards, a geographical basis is configured with unified installations of cartographic generalization and a coordinated system of conventional signs. The developed series of maps allows you to identify and visually assess the spatial patterns of changes in the population and the network of settlements. The collected structured material organized in the BGD format provides modern cartographic support for socio-economic research related to the analysis of the population. The work was performed as part of the preparation of the demographic section of the Atlas of the Tyumen Region.

МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ РУСЛА РЕКИ КОНДЫ

The article presents the results of long-term studies of the Konda River basin (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug). Despite the fact that the Konda is one of the largest rivers in the region, hydrological studies of the river are fragmentary and there are no studies on channel processes. The Konda plays an important role in the social and economic life of the southwestern part of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra as it is one of the main transport routes for interdistrict communication. This article is the first to give a generalized description of manifestations of channel processes – types of channels, bends, conditions and regularities of their development – for the navigable section of the Upper, Middle and Lower Konda (from Lake Tursuntsky Tuman to the mouth). The author discusses the issues related to the development of channel deformations, describes a typical set of morphometric characteristics for different types of channels, classifies them, shows the possibilities of practical use of the research results for forecasting channel deformations. It has been revealed that in the Lower Konda, with a great variety of channel types, the most active deformations are characteristic of channel bends and bends of floodplain branching arms and a bifurcated channel; in the Upper and Middle Konda, having a mainly meandering channel, bank erosion is confined to free channel bends.

Features of the Psychographic Portrait of the Residents with Criminal Record living in Northern Territories and the Arctic Zone of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The psychographic features of the personality of residents of various regions of the Russian Federation are an interesting and insufficiently studied phenomenon from the standpoint of psychological knowledge. In our opinion, it is convenient to present such a phenomenon in the framework of personality research in the form of a psychological portrait - a kind of model structure reflecting the psychological characteristics of the object of research. The subject of the study is the elements of the psychological portrait of the personality of the studied contingent, the features of which constitute the content of the model of the psychographic portrait of the inhabitants of the northern territories. The parameters and model characteristics of the personality of the studied sample of residents of the region may be of interest to a wide range of very different practices – pedagogical, managerial, legal, professional and others. Separate, compositional parameters of model characteristics are presented in the study, which will form the basis of a general psychographic model of the personality of residents of the northern regions of Khma-Yugra and YANAO who have experience of illegal behavior. Such research is relevant and oriented in the practice of pedagogical, legal work with the population of the marked regions. If possible, a similar practice of scientific research on the presented topic can be transferred to other regions of the North and the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The solution of this task is a systematic part of the research project of the Russian Academy of Sciences under the general title "Experience in the application of customary law, history and humanization of penitentiary institutions of Ugra within the framework of European and Russian traditions (late XVI - early XXI centuries)". The research is of practical importance and its results, we hope, will be in demand by specialists from a wide range of various social practices. The main, generalized conclusion of the study is statistically confirmed personality traits of the studied contingent, reflecting the model characteristics of their originality regarding illegal behavior.

Estimation of the capacity for self-purification of transformed rivers of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra (Russia).

This article presents an estimation of the self-purification capacity of rivers flowing through an area of the Ob River basin at Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra, which has been significantly transformed by the oil and gas industry. The research was done on the rivers of the Ob River basin in oil fields in 2003-2006 and 2018-2019. The coefficient of mineralization of organic matter has been used as a criterion of the rivers' water self-purification levels. The mineralization coefficient was based on the ratio of numbers of bacteria consuming ammonium nitrogen and polymer substances as well as saprophytic heterotrophic bacteria. According to the results obtained, most rivers draining the oil field area (75% in 2003-2006 and 79% in 2018-2019) were characterized by a low potential for self-purification. The highest level of self-purification criteria was obtained for two rivers: the Ai-Pim River in the Surgut region and the Ovyn'yegan River in the Oktyabrsky region. The high level of self-purification detected with the coeficient of mineralization ensures the maintenance of a certain trophical level and environmental balance of the aquatic ecosystem. Complicated technological processes applied in the oil and gas industry, as well as outdated equipment and poor environmental management, often lead to pipeline accidents and other infrastructure failures. Hazardous pollutants flow into rivers from the watershed area and further into the Gulf of Ob of the Kara Sea. Continuous monitoring of water quality and water resource management based on the results obtained will constitute serious measures to prevent deterioration of aquatic ecosystems. It is necessary to include microbiological parameters in monitoring programs, as this helps to identify the processes of transformation of chemicals found in the river. The use of self-purification assessment methodology for rivers in oil field areas yields effective results in the decision-making process in the sphere of water resource management, significantly reducing ecological risks in the Ob River basin and, as a consequence, in the Arctic region. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:988-993. © 2022 SETAC.

Photoperiodic stability and distribution of chronotypes in young residents of the North with different organization of activities

AIM: To assess individual subjective chronotypic properties in residents of Khanty-Mansiysk under the influence of such biotropic and social stress factors as regular daytime and aperiodically presented shift daytime and nighttime employment.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study involved students (100 girls and 53 boys) of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug Yugra with a daily study load and employees of the Ambulance station (31 women and 26 men) in Khanty-Mansiysk, working in shifts. The photoperiodic chronotype stability was studied using the computer program Photoperiodic chronotype stability calculator (registration no. 2019661664) in the form of a mobile application for Android Photoperiodic stability index.
 RESULTS: The photoperiodic stability of the chronotype in women was: with regular daily employment 3.5 (1.56.0) arb. units, with shift work 1.0 (04.0) arb. units. The photoperiodic stability of the chronotype in men was: with regular daily employment 3.0 (1.04.0) arb. units, with shift work 1.5 (03.0) arb. units.
 Volunteers with a regular daytime job tended to choose to shift activities to the afternoon and refusing morning activity. In the group with shift work, the proportion of people preferring the morning type of work capacity was higher. In the group with shift and night work, there were no representatives of a definitely morning chronotype among women, and definitely an evening chronotype among men. In the summer season, male and female respondents, regardless of the production regime, showed an increase in the signs of the morning chronotype.
 CONCLUSION: The production and intersexual features of the chronotypological properties of the inhabitants of the North have been established. With the superposition of extreme climatic and geographical factors and social and production conditions, a general pattern of increased rigidity of the chronotype was recorded. Male and female respondents under different production regimes, when assessing subjective biorhythmic performance in the summer, demonstrated a shift toward the morning chronotype.

ANALYSIS OF DETECTION AND REGISTRATION OF INFECTIONS RELATED TO MEDICAL CARE IN THE URAL AND SIBERIAN FEDERAL DISTRICTS IN 2021

Despite of significant advances in the development of healthcare as well as the introduction of new safe diagnosis and treatment technologies of various diseases, the problem of preventing health care-associated infections (HAIs) does not lose its relevance.
 The article presents an data analysis of officially registered HAIs cases within medical organizations of Ural and Siberian Federal Districts. The analysis was carried out on the basis of data from Federal Statistical Observation Forms No. 2 "Information on infectious and parasitic diseases", No. 23-17 "Information on outbreaks of infectious diseases" and additional request materials "Information on medical manipulations and contingents treated" for 2021 and in dynamics for 7 years (2015-2021) in comparison with indicators for whole Russian Federation.
 Statistical data were provided by the Departments of Rospotrebnadzor from Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Kurgan, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Sverdlovsk, Tomsk, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk regions; Altai, Transbaikal, Krasnoyarsk Territory; republics of Altai, Buryatia, Tyva, Khakassia; Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug Yugra, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Data for Russian Federation were provided by Federal Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor according the duties of Ural-Siberian Scientific and Methodological Center for the Prevention of Health Care-associated Infections.
 Based on the analysis results the rating assessment of HAIs detection and registration quality in subjects of Ural and Siberian Federal Districts and the ranking of subjects taking into account the HAIs epidemiological surveillance system functioning activity was carried out. The information presented in the article is intended for employees of Rospotrebnadzor bodies and organizations, medical organizations, educational organizations, executive authorities in the field of healthcare.

Topical issues of modern didactics of regional professional education in native language teaching

The article analyzes the actual problems of the methodology of professional education in the humanities field of knowledge, in particular, the Surgut dialect of the Khanty language in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra. In modern vocational education, the study of native language becomes an integral part of national culture, which absorbs history, spiritual values, moral norms and models of speech etiquette. That is why it is important to preserve the native language of each ethnic group. There is an urgent need for the socialization and development of the student's personality as a subject of ethnicity and as a citizen of the Russian Federation. Preservation and development of native languages and traditional culture of indigenous peoples of the North is one of the state tasks facing Russia and Yugra as a subject of the Federation at the present stage. The absence of the uniform approved alphabet on the Khanty language and the educational-methodical complexes recommended by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation does not allow studying a native (Khanty) language in vocational education. We believe that it is unacceptable to study the subjects Native Language and Native Literature (subject area Native (Khanty) Language and Literature) at the expense of the academic time allocated by the educational organization within the framework of extracurricular activities and educational work. Hence, there is a need to develop the content and methodological organization of the educational process of the Native Language discipline at vocational and specialized secondary educational institutions and universities, as well as for the course training in Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Yugra. Native language serves not only as a means of communication and cognition of the surrounding reality, but also as a means of recording, preserving national and cultural traditions and introducing them to future generations. That is why the quality of education of the native (Khanty) language at professional institutions in general depends on the quality of education of the modern generation of indigenous peoples of the North of the Russian Federation. We believe that the improvement of skills and development of abilities in the subject Native language will be successful if we implement an effective methodological system based on integration of phonetic, word-formation, lexical, grammatical and syntactical levels of Khanty language.

Functional and biochemical characteristics of Oxycoccus palustris Pers. under exposure of a gas torch (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra, Russia)

The study was carried out on a sphagnum swamp exposed to thermal radiation from an associated petroleum gas (APG) combustion flare at various distances from the flare stack, which has been operating continuously for more than thirty years. The study was carried out in the period from 2018 to 2019 in the territory of the Pokachevskoye field (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra, Nizhnevartovsk district). Some functional and biochemical characteristics of Oxycoccus palustris Pers were studied. The Oxycoccus palustris Pers. photosynthesis and respiration intensity data analysis, the pigment composition of leaves (chlorophyll and anthocyanins content), the nitrogen balance index (NBI), non-enzymatic antioxidants (flavonoids, proline and ascorbic acid content) were studied, the biochemical composition of leaves specifics (nitrogen, carbon, soluble and non-structural sugars and metals accumulation) were determined in the conditions of exposure to the flare.

Cardiovascular regulation in female students of northern university during extreme photoperiod seasons

Objective. The aim of study was to assess the state of cardiovascular system in female students in the northern region during the seasons with extreme photoperiod. Design and methods. The study was conducted in Nizhnevartovsk, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra (a region equated to the Far North) in the seasons with extreme values of photoperiod. The female students of Nizhnevartovsk State University (n = 73) aged 18-21 years were examined. Anthropometric measurements were carried out. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded automatically using UA-101 model tonometer. Pulse and mean dynamic pressure were calculated according to Hickam's formula. On the basis of HR we determined the average duration of cardiac cycle. Autonomic tone was assessed according to calculated Kerdo index (KI). We used CardioVisor-06c to determine the prenosological state of cardiac activity. Results. There was a significant increase in body weight in the short daylight period. The HR during the long daylight period was significantly higher than during light deprivation, leading to a shorter cardiac cycle duration. Seasonal dynamics of blood pressure characteristics were not evident, although during “white nights” at least 10 % female students had SBP higher than 130 mm Hg, and maximal SBP reached 135 mm Hg. KI values demonstrated significant changes in autonomic tone. During short daylight hours average characteristics of KI were negative and reflected activity of parasympathetic activity. Increase of sympathetic influences was during longer daylight hours. During “biological twilight” “Myocardium” index was significantly lower than during white nights. During short daylight hours only 10 % students showed “Myocardium” index over normal values (15 %), while half of respondents had higher values during white nights. “Rhythm” index was normal during the short daylight hours and significantly higher during the long daylight hours, only 10 % participants had normal values. Conclusions. The analysis of electrophysiological parameters of myocardium showed seasonal changes in female students and “white nights” were associated with more negative effects than “biological twilight”. During “white nights” we showed increase in integral indices of dispersion mapping, increase in resting HR and KI.

Evaluation of the connective tissue dysplasia among adolescent’s population in Tyumen region

BACKGROUND: It is crucial to organize a full-scale epidemic investigation into the rise in connective tissue dysplasia (DCT) among populations in varying climatic zones. Connective tissue dysplasia encourages the emergence and progression of several pathological conditions that harm life quality and length.
 AIM: To identify the prevalence and structure of undifferentiated DCT syndrome among teenagers in different climate zones of the Tyumen region.
 METHODS: An observational study in the Tyumen region, the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug included 578 teenagers, males, and females main groups (12 and 15 years) from secondary schools and residential schools. The evaluation of phenotypic symptoms for undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia syndrome was according to recommendations by the Russian medical therapists society for diagnostics, treatment, and rehabilitation of people with DCT. The undifferentiated DCT syndrome has relevance, structure, and severity.
 RESULTS: The amount of teenagers with undifferentiated DCT syndrome in the Tyumen region is 58.5%. The detection rate of undifferentiated DCT in the Tyumen region (south of the region) is 52.3%, in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra, it is 61.6%; in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, 65.3%. Most of the registered phenotypic evidence of DCT included joint hypermobility, spinal scoliosis, hyperkyphosis of the thoracic spine, straight back syndrome, Varga index of 1.51.7, asthenic chest, bite anomalies, dysmorphism of the auricles, Gothic sky, loose and flabby skin, and myopia. A high average diagnostic coefficient, averaging 35.460.05 points, which surpasses the diagnostic threshold by more than two times and indicates possible complications of dysplastic changes. There are no differences in the severity of DCT manifestations according to several prognostically-significant criteria, depending on the climatic and geographical conditions within the studied area.
 CONCLUSION: It is very important to take into account the high prevalence and severity of DCT among teenagers in the Tyumen region when planning programs for treatment, prophylactic, and rehabilitation measures.

First Russian records of Stemonitis rhizoideipes and Fuligo aurea, and newly observed morphology for Comatricha anomala

Three rare species of myxomycetes have been collected from Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra, Russia. Stemonitis rhizoideipes and Fuligo aurea were recorded for the first time in Russia and for the second time in extratropical Eurasia, and Comatricha anomala was recorded from a second Russian location. Thirty-three S. rhizoideipes specimens were isolated from bark of Abies sibirica, Picea obovata, and Pinus sibirica in moist chambers, while F. aurea plasmodiocarps were retrieved from A. sibirica bark in one Petri dish. We publish an emended description of Comatricha anomala after discovering new morphological features. Light and scanning electron micrographs and comparisons with morphologically similar taxa are presented for the three species.

Polygraphic Study of Parameters of Subjective Perception of Norms and Humanization of Punishment by Residents of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra

The problem of determining the measure of criminal punishment has always worried the general public. It is the measure of punishment that largely determines the effectiveness of the system of legal regulation of relations in society, the normative rules of the hostel and mutual influence. In such a process, territorial, social, professional, cultural, ethnic and other characteristics of the population of our country are of decisive importance. In the minds of every person, in the process of legal socialization, their own ideas about the norms of criminal punishment are formed. The study of the psychological parameters of the subjective perception of the norms of criminal punishment, through the determination of the limits of their humanization, seems to be an interesting and important task of studying the designated problem. The object of the study is the residents of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Yugra, the subject is the subjective perception of the norms of criminal law and the processes of humanization of criminal punishment. Data were obtained on differences in subjective perceptions of the norms of criminal punishment and the limits of their humanization. Statistically significant differences are determined by gender, age, national-ethnic groups of respondents. The regularity of differently directed values of the limits of criminal punishment by age groups is revealed.

An approach to the assessment of carbon reservesin KHMAO-Yugra using carbon maps

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra has a large area of forest territories. And forest vegetation, like any vegetation, naturally dies sooner or later, as a result of which carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere from organic matter. This fact leads to an increase in the greenhouse effect and an increase in global warming.
 In order to prevent an increase in global temperature, it is necessary to estimate the carbon stock in the form of the amount of plant biomass, since more than 90% of the territory of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra (KhMAO-Yugra) is covered with forests.
 One of the ways to assess plant biomass is to create so-called carbon maps using remote sensing of the Earth (remote sensing) and machine learning methods.
 This paper provides an overview of existing solutions in the field of remote sensing and machine learning aimed at creating carbon maps. Based on this review, a research program has been proposed that will allow us to develop an approach that allows us to obtain a digital carbon map of the KhMAO with a given accuracy.

Status of biocenosis of vagina in pregnant women living in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra

Introduction. The intensive development of the mining industry led to a rapid growth in the population, large-scale migration processes to cities, the construction of numerous industrial facilities, which was accompanied by changes in the ecological, socioeconomic and cultural foundations of the local indigenous population (Khanty and Mansi) caused by the disruption of the usual rhythm of life that exists here. over the centuriesAim. The study of mass and growth parameters, the state of the biocenosis of the vagina and gastrointestinal tract in pregnant women living in the village and in the city in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra and correction of violations with metronidazole and miconazole.Materials and methods. A prospective analysis of complaints, anamnestic, anthropometric, as well as an assessment of the state of the biocenosis of the vagina and intestines in patients selected by the method of continuous sampling was carried out. We examined women from among the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the north (indigenous peoples of the North) – the Khanty and Mansi, living in the urban-type settlement. Berezovo, in camps and in the city of Khanty-Mansiysk. The comparison group included women from the migrant population (Russians) living in the city of Khanty-Mansiysk.Results. It was found that the greatest number of violations of the biocenosis of the vagina and intestines was in pregnant women living in the city, both from the indigenous minorities and the migrant population. Half of pregnant women, 50% of women, had normocenosis. Every second had inflammatory changes – nonspecific vaginitis occurred in 9.1%, vulvovaginal candidiasis in 13.6% and mixed pathogenic flora (bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis) were in 31.8% of women. Monitoring of the state of the vaginal biocenosis was carried out after 4–5 weeks and at the end of the postpartum period (40–44 days), normobiocenosis was determined. Relapses both before and after childbirth within 42 days were not observed in this contingent.Conclusion. The use of metronidazole and miconazole intravaginally is an effective trea for bacterial vaginosis in combination with vulvovaginal candidiasis with rapid relief of symptoms and no side effects.