kGy Irradiation Dose Research Articles

Study of Resistance of [Cu3(C6H3(COO)3)2(H2O)3]n (HKUST-1) To Electron Beam at Dosages of 0 to 150 kGy

Abstract Processing radioactive waste remains a formidable task in utilizing radioactive materials due to their inherent toxicity and carcinogenic nature, necessitating treatment before safe release into the environment. Among the methods employed for radioactive waste treatment, adsorption stands out, with considerable attention focused on an emerging adsorbent named [Cu3(C6H3(COO)3)2(H2O)3]n or Hong Kong University of Science and Technology-1 (HKUST-1), renowned for its distinctive properties. HKUST-1, being a porous material, holds promise as an effective agent for radioactive waste adsorption. In this investigation, HKUST-1 was synthesized via the solvothermal technique at 100°C, and its resilience was evaluated under electron beam irradiation at doses ranging from 50 to 150 kGy. Characterization techniques involving SEM, XRD, and adsorption tests were conducted to assess any alterations in HKUST-1’s attributes pre- and post-irradiation. Results revealed modifications in HKUST- 1’s characteristics following electron beam exposure, notably a decline in crystal adsorption quality within the 50 to 125 kGy dose range, indicating amorphization. Additionally, irradiation at 50 and 150 kGy demonstrated a potential for crystallization, thereby augmenting adsorption quality. Remarkably, the most favorable adsorption performance was observed at a 150 kGy irradiation dose, showcasing an average adsorbed gas volume of 332.05 cm3/g, a surface area of 947.747 m2/g, and a pore volume of 0.5586 cm3/g.

Morpho-Anatomical Variations in Sisymbrium irio L. Plants Raised from Seeds Treated with γ Radiation.

This study determines the effect of γ irradiation on seed germination, growth, and morpho-anatomical traits of the Sisymbrium irio L. (London rocket) plant. Seeds irradiated with 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 kGy of γ radiation showed a reduced germination percentage (13.68-56.84%) with reference to the control, showing an inverse relationship with radiation dose. Observations recorded at preflowering, flowering, and postflowering stages of plant growth showed a significant (P < 0.05%) dose-dependent decline in many growth parameters, such as root length, shoot length, shoot dry weight, number of leaves, and pods per plant, due to the radiation effect. However, root dry weight, leaf length, leaf dry weight, number of branches, and number of flowers per plant increased at the lowest dose (2.5 kGy) and then declined steadily with the increasing level of radiation. Likewise, several anatomical features (length of fibers and vessel elements, diameter of vessel elements, proportion of cortex, and vasculature in the stem) showed a consistent decrease with increasing γ irradiation in treated plants compared with the control. However, the pith area and the number of vessels per microscopic field decreased significantly with the lowest radiation dose (2.5 kGy) and then increased gradually with higher doses at each ontogenetic stage. The vulnerability factor in the control as well as treated plants increased with increasing plant age. In treated plants, vulnerability was higher under the effect of low-level radiation than in the control, but it showed an inverse relationship with the increasing level of radiation, thus being the lowest at 20 kGy radiation dose. Mesomorphy also showed an almost similar variation pattern with reference to the radiation dose.

DEGRADATION KINETICS OF TEXTILE AZO DYE REACTIVE ORANGE-16 BY GAMMA IRRADIATION

Gamma radiation have become attention since their high potential for degrading compounds, especially organic pollutants. In this research, gamma radiation was studied for degrading the Reactive Orange-16 (RO-16) dye, a toxic and carcinogenic pollutant. The radiolytic degradation process was studied in a batch reactor with a gamma-ray dose rate of 2.930 kGy/h. The effect of experimental variable such as initial peroxide concentration, initial pH, initial dye concentration, and addition of inorganic anion were studied. The highest degradation rates were achieved at a peroxide concentration ranging from 2 to 4 mM. In contrast, the higher peroxide concentration indicated the slower degradation process caused by the scavenging effect of the peroxide. Degradation of 88% RO-16 dye with 0.1 mM initial concentration, was achieved at 2.0 kGy irradiation dose and 97.4% degradation in the presence of 4 mM peroxide. The dose constant (d) for those degradation processes was 1.0657 kGy-1 and 1.8420 kGy-1 respectively. The degradation was more efficient in acid pH. The degradation process increased with lower initial dye concentrations. The degradation of RO-16 dye by gamma-ray was inhibited by the presence of inorganic anions in the following sequence: NO3-→ CO32− → HCO3− → CH3COO-→ Cl-.

Development of plastic scintillator with better performance than the commercial counterpart (UPS-923A) and effect of fluorophore composition on light output

In this study we have synthesized polystyrene based plastic scintillators (PS) loaded with commercially available fluorophores like p-Terphenyl and 1,4-bis(5-phenyloxazol-2-yl) benzene (POPOP). Optimum concentration of the fluorophores in the synthesized PS was determined. The PS exhibited 1.55 ± 0.05 times better light output than UPS-923A, a commercial PS. Emission maxima were obtained at 423 nm with an energy linearity of 99.78% up to 1.061 MeV. Radiation damage of PS by Co-60 irradiation led to 22.3% loss of light yield at 50 kGy radiation dose which is better than the commercial one. The loss of light output in the PS due to radiation damage was because of the degradation of polystyrene matrix rather than the fluorophores.

Effect of gamma irradiation on the nutritional composition, phenolic compounds and fatty acids profiles in raw cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) beans

AbstractThe γ-irradiation effects on nutritional composition, phenolic compounds and fatty acids profile of cocoa beans were investigated. Raw cocoa bean samples were irradiated using 60Co source at doses of 1.0, 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0 kGy. The examined nutrient contents were moisture, protein, ash and fat contents. A total of 10 phenolic compounds from the screening of 32 standards were identified and quantified by LC-MS/MS, with theobromine (2418.52–3506.95 µg/g) and epicatechin (444.24–1090.98 µg/g) being the most abundant. Overall, the irradiation treatment did not significantly influence the protein and moisture content of cocoa beans. On the other hand, 3 kGy irradiation dose led to a significant decrease in fat content of cocoa bean samples. Furthermore, fatty acid composition changed with increasing the irradiation dose. Gamma irradiation caused a significant increase in saturated fatty acids/unsaturated fatty acids ratio. On the whole, the analysis of phenolic compounds of cocoa beans showed that irradiation influence the phenolic compounds significantly, with a few exceptions. The quantities of epicatechin and luteolin 7 glucoside were higher in raw cocoa beans than in irradiated cocoa beans.

Effect of electron beam irradiation pretreatment and different fatty acid types on the formation, structural characteristics and functional properties of starch-lipid complexes

The effects of different electron beam irradiation doses (2, 4, 8 KGy) and various types of fatty acids (lauric acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid) on the formation, structure, physicochemical properties, and digestibility of starch-lipid complex were investigated. The complexing index of the complexes was higher than 85 %, indicating that the three fatty acids could easily form complexes with starch. With the increase of electron beam irradiation dose, the complexing index increased first and then decreased. The highest complexing index was lauric acid (97.12 %), stearic acid (96.80 %), and oleic acid (97.51 %) at 2 KGy radiation dose, respectively. Moreover, the microstructure, crystal structure, thermal stability, rheological properties, and starch solubility were analyzed. In vitro digestibility tests showed that adding fatty acids could reduce the content of hydrolyzed starch, among which the resistant starch content of the starch-oleic acid complex was the highest (54.26 %). The lower dose of electron beam irradiation could decrease the digestibility of starch and increase the content of resistant starch.

Preparation ofhydrogels based on natural polymers for pelleting of sugar beet seeds

One of humanity`s important problems is the lack of water in arid regions. One of the ways to solve the water shortage problem is the use of seed pelleting technology. The polymer film coating contributes to the effective maintenance of their quality during storage, including humidity regulation. The creation of effective coatings based on biodegradable natural polymers will help preserve natural resources and prevent environmental pollution. The purpose of this work is the radiation synthesis and characterization of hydrogels based on natural and synthetic polymers and the search for optimal conditions for coating the seeds with the resulting polymers. The methodology of the work includes the radiation synthesis of hydrogels, physicochemical characterization by gravimetry, germination, and germination energy study of coated seeds. Results and discussion. Hydrogels based on chitosan, polyvinylpyrrolidone, starch, and agar-agar were obtained using the radiation. The optimal parameters are 25 kGy irradiation dose and 5wt.% starch concentration. The presence of agar-agar in the hydrogel composition and the increase of irradiation dose from 15 to 45 kGy boost the gel fraction yield. The work investigated the water-holding capacity of pelleted seeds and the process of water desorption from the polymer shell. It has been established that the polymer shell around the seed can retain water in the early stages of its development. Seeds coated in two layers retain moisture 7 times longer compared to uncoated samples. Conclusion. These results can be used to manage seed performance potential and subsequent yield, including improving seed quality and nutrient delivery.

Preparation and characterization of short date palm mat (DPM) fiber reinforced polystyrene composites: Effect of gamma radiation

The utilization of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites is growing fast in numerous sectors. In this study, the effect of the addition of short date palm mat (DPM) fibers in polystyrene matrix on the physico-mechanical and thermal properties were studied. Short DPM fiber reinforced polystyrene composites were produced by compression moulding process and the fiber content was 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 wt%. Physico-mechanical and thermal properties were examined. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis of the composites were also done. The findings from the investigates exposed that the composites with 10 % fiber content showed improved mechanical and thermal characteristics as compared to other composites. The morphological analysis also supported the results where good interfacial bonding among fiber and polystyrene matrix was found for the composites with 10 % fiber content. The optimized (10 % fiber content) composites were exposed to gamma radiation (2.5–7.5 kGy) and the best result was found at 5.0 kGy radiation dose. Degradation of gamma irradiated composites was conducted in four different media such as water, acid, base, and brine.

Effects of gamma irradiation on the nutritional quality and physicochemical properties of Morchella angusticeps

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of gamma irradiation on the storage quality of Morchella angusticeps. The results indicated that different irradiation doses had varying effects on the nutritional quality and physicochemical properties of Morchella angusticeps during storage. The polyphenol content of mushrooms irradiated by 1 kGy and 2 kGy were 0.86 and 0.83 OD325/g mf, which had significant difference compared with CK (P < 0.05). The flavonoid content of the CK was 0.059 OD325/g mf, which was significantly lower than that of the 1 kGy and 2 kGy irradiation treatment groups (P < 0.05), the soluble protein content of 1 kGy and 2 kGy irradiated increased by 43.25% and 43.72% compared with CK, the Malondialdehyde (MDA) content of 1 kGy and 2 kGy irradiated decreased by 10.025% and 77.98% compared with CK, respectively. After irradiation, cis-9-myristylic acid, stearic acid and petrovic acid increased by 5%, 20% and 15%, respectively, and the volatile compounds were most abundant in the group irradiated by 2 kGy. With the storage time increasing, soluble protein content of all groups exhibited a downward trend, the soluble protein content of 1 kGy and 2 kGy irradiated samples increased by 43.25% and 43.72% compared with CK, so 1 and 2 kGy irradiation doses effectively reduced the decomposition of soluble protein. To identify the volatile components of Morchella angusticeps, headspace solid-phase microextraction was employed. The analysis revealed the presence of 49 volatile components. During the storage period, irradiation could promote the release of unsaturated fatty acids, and the dose of 1 kGy was found to effectively maintain cell morphology. The experimental results demonstrated that treatment with 1 and 2 kGy irradiation doses effectively delayed the quality loss of the fruiting body and inhibited browning-related enzyme activities. This study highlights the potential of irradiation as a helpful method to preserve the storage quality of Morchella angusticeps.

Potential flame retardancy of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composite for possible use as a radiation shield

Radiation shielding materials should have high thermal stability and environmental resistance. In this study, attempts were made to develop a polymeric material using high-density Polyethylene (HDPE) via imparting flame retardant characteristics as well as neutron shielding by the addition of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4)/silicon dioxide (SiO2) mixtures of different compositions with fixed portions of lead oxide Pb2O3. Flame retardant properties as well as the thermal stability of the developed composite materials evaluated by studying the burning behavior test, the Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) as a function of (NH4H2PO4/SiO2) percentage. Results show that the flame retardant performance and thermal stability of the composite materials were improved as a result of the inclusion of (NH4H2PO4/SiO2) and such improvement increases by increasing the additive portion. The obtained results also indicated that exposure to a 30 kGy irradiation dose has no significant effect on the mechanical properties of the developed material. Neutron shielding parameters have been measured for all studied samples using a collimated beam of fast neutrons 241Am–Be with energy 4.5 Mev. The result shows that the removal cross-section of fast neutron (Σʀ) increased from 0.109 (cm−1) for pure HDPE to 0.233 (cm−1) for the sample containing 40 phr of (NH4H2PO4/SiO2). And more efficient in neutron shielding conditions of all studied ratios. The results also indicate that shielding efficiency increases with thickness. Measurements concluded that additives enhance both flame retardant and shielding properties of HDPE composite.

Study of ethylene propylene diene monomer-lead monoxide-magnetite composites in radioactive waste disposal

In this study, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)-lead monoxide (PbO)-magnetite (Fe3O4) composite was prepared and changes in its properties with different gamma irradiation doses (50, 100, 200, 300, 500, and 1000 kGy) were investigated. Characterizations of irradiated EPDM-metal oxide composites were performed by X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Universal Testing Machine (UTM). It was observed that the synthesized sample shows an amorphous nature beyond the 500 kGy irradiation dose. The FESEM morphographs of irradiated samples show an increase in fracture size with an increase in irradiation dose. The mechanical tests have shown that prepared samples retain their mechanical strength up to ∼100 kGy. In addition, the effect of thermal and electrical properties on irradiation dose has also been studied. The synthesized samples show good thermal stability up to ∼500 kGy. The AC conductivity of the synthesized EPDM-metal oxide composites has been observed to increase slightly with an increase in irradiation dose. It was observed that synthesized EPDM-metal oxide composites are relatively good radiation resistant candidates and can be used for radioactive waste disposal management applications.

Comparing the effects of irradiation and ultrasound on enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, and sulfadiazine residues in chicken meat

PurposeThis research aims to evaluate and compare the effects of irradiation and ultrasound treatments on residual amount of three widely detected antibiotics in chicken meat, in addition to colorimetry and weight loss investigation. MethodsBroiler chickens were administered with three common antibiotics including enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, and sulfadiazine and slaughtered at the age of 42 days. Chicken breast meat containing antibiotic residues was separately treated by gamma irradiation (at doses of 3, 5, and 7 kGy) and ultrasound at 240 W and 40 kHz (for 2, 5, and 10 min) to assess the effects of the treatments on reduction of antibiotic residues using HPLC technique. Moreover, the impact of treatments on weight loss and color changes were evaluated. ResultsThe results showed that both treatments significantly reduced the antibiotic residues; however, irradiation at higher doses and ultrasound at longer durations were more effective. The highest reduction of antibiotic residue was obtained at 7 kGy radiation dose and 10 min sonication time which was assigned to enrofloxacin (86.1%) followed by oxytetracycline (85%) and sulfadiazine (70.3%). Irradiation increased the L* (lightness) value and decreased the a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) values in chicken, but ultrasound had mostly no significant effect on the L* and a* values. Furthermore, both irradiation and ultrasound caused weight loss in the samples, but in the irradiated samples it was more than the sonicated ones. ConclusionsGenerally, using ultrasound for 10 min can be recommended as a better method to reduce the antibiotic residues in chicken.

Effect of electron beam irradiation on granular cold-water swelling chestnut starch: Improvement of cold-water solubility, multiscale structure, and rheological properties

In this study, granular cold-water swelling (GCWS) starch was prepared from chestnut starch by ethanol-alkali method, after which it was further modified by electron beam irradiation (EBI) technique to investigate the effect of EBI on GCWS chestnut starch. It was shown that the alcohol-alkali treatment disrupted the starch double helix structure and the starch crystalline form had been changed from “C” to “V” type. On this basis, EBI continued to act on the disrupted starch chains and further cleaved the long chains into short chains, which significantly improved the solubility of starch to 90.08 % in cold water at a 24 kGy irradiation dose. Therefore, this study can broaden the application scope of starch and provide new ideas for GCWS starch applications in food and water-soluble pharmaceutical industries.

Biodegradation of COVID19 antibiotic; azithromycin and its impact on soil microbial community in the presence of phenolic waste and with temperature variation

The increase in using antibiotics, especially Azithromycin have increased steadily since the beginning of COVID19 pandemic. This increase has led to its presence in water systems which consequently led to its presence upon using this water for irrigation. The aim of the present work is to study the impact of irrigation using Azithromycin containing water on soil microbial community and its catabolic activity in the presence of phenolic wastes as compost. Wild berry, red grapes, pomegranate, and spent tea waste were added to soil and the degradation was monitored after 5 and 7 days at ambient and high temperatures. The results obtained show that at 30 °C, soil microbial community collectively was able to degrade Azithromycin, while at 40 °C, addition of spent tea as compost was needed to reach higher degradation. To ensure that the degradation was biotic and depended on degradation by indigenous microflora, a 25 kGy irradiation dose was used to kill the microorganisms in the soil and this was used as negative control. The residual antibiotic was assayed using UV spectroscopy and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Indication of Azithromycin presence was studied using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) peaks and the same pattern was obtained using the 3 used detection methods, the ability to assign the peaks even in the presence of soil and not to have any overlaps, gives the chance to study this result in depth to prepare IR based sensor for quick sensing of antibiotic in environmental samples.

Diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DADMAC) and acrylic acid (AAc) embedded nonwoven irradiated polyethylene fabric as efficient adsorbent to separate U(VI) from aqueous solution

Selective isolation of uranium (VI) from wastewater is now a subject of concern due to its damaging effect on living beings. In this study, the pre-irradiation technique was used to prepare grafted polymeric adsorbent by diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DADMAC) and acrylic acid (AAc) onto nonwoven polyethylene fabric (PE) and the grafted adsorbent was applied for uranium (VI) adsorption from aqueous solution by batch method. After irradiation of the non-woven polyethylene fabrics with 50 kGy radiation dose, the grafting reaction was carried out at 80 ºC with a monomer solution consisting of 20 g DADMAC and 20 g AAc to 110 mL deionized water. The prepared adsorbent was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Thermo-gravimetric Analysis (TGA). After treatment with NaOH solution, the adsorption study was analyzed by pH, initial metal ion concentrations, contact time, and temperature on the adsorption of U(VI). The highest graft yield was achieved at 598%. The maximum adsorption capacity achieved at 160 mg/g was found by treating with 0.1M NaOH for 4 minutes with an initial concentration of 1000 ppm, pH 3.3, and a contact time of 48 hours at room temperature (25 °C). Kinetic adsorption data fitted better with the pseudo-second-order equation and a good correlation of experimental data with the Langmuir isotherm model suggested monolayer adsorption. Langmuir equation showed that the maximum adsorption capacity for U(VI) was 333.333 mg/g. The study depicted good results on the desorption and reuse of the adsorbent.

“Gamma Irradiation Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Chitosan-Nanoclay Hydrogel for the Removal of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) from Aqueous Media”

Hydrogel composites comprised of N,O carboxymethyl chitosan crosslinked with different weight ratios of acrylic acid and fabricated with nanoclay particle were prepared via gamma irradiation at 25 kGy irradiation dose. The prepared composites were coded as CsAA1Cl, CsAA2Cl and CsAA3Cl based on the weight ratio of acrylic acid to the chitosan derivative. The claimed hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, TGA and XRD. The TGA data implied that the incorporation of clay nanoparticles enhanced the thermal stability of the composites; the decomposition temperature increased up to 500 °C for CsAA3Cl. Three AFM outcomes were used to compare the surface features of the samples; topography, height and surface roughness. The topography data reveals that the nanoclay particles incorporated in CsAA3Cl are intercalated and exfoliated. Then, the optimized sorbent (CsAA3Cl) was investigated as green sorbents for chromium (VI) and lead (II). The data revealed that CsAA3Cl displayed maximum removal performance towards both lead and chromium with removal efficiencies 125 mg/g and 205 mg/g respectively at the optimum application conditions within 90 min only. Also, it was found that the optimum pH value was 9 for chromium and 8 for lead. The data proved that the adsorption of both cations followed pseudo-first order kinetic model. The prepared composites showed acceptable metal uptake capacity at three successive cycles.Graphical

Synthesis and Characterization of Gamma Radiation Induced Diallyldimethylammonium Chloride-Acrylic Acid-(3-Acrylamidopropyl) Trimethylammonium Chloride Superabsorbent Hydrogel.

The gamma radiation technique is simple and time-saving for the synthesis of pure hydrogels. The present work focuses on synthesizing and characterizing Diallyldimethylammonium Chloride-Acrylic acid-(3-Acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium Chloride (DADMAC-AAc-APTAC) superabsorbent hydrogels. The hydrogels were synthesized by applying gamma radiation of different doses (2 kGy to 30 kGy) to two different compositions of monomers. The equilibrium swelling was found to be 33483.48% of dried gel for a 1:0.5:1 composition ratio of monomers at a 2 kGy radiation dose. Therefore, on the basis of equilibrium swelling, 2 kGy is the optimum radiation dose for synthesizing the hydrogel. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization techniques were used to analyze and confirm the structure of the hydrogel. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) clearly showed the thermal stability and surface morphology of the gel. Therefore, it can be concluded that hydrogels can be used in metal adsorption, drug delivery, and other fields of study.

Response Surface Optimization of Gamma Irradiation Synthesis of Alginate-Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles Without Addition of a Hydroxyl Radical Scavenger

The use of isopropanol as a hydroxyl radical scavenger on the radiosynthesis of alginate-stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can limit its application in nanomedicine. Meanwhile, optimum condition for gamma irradiation synthesis of alginate-stabilized AgNPs without addition of a hydroxyl radical scavenger has not been reported yet. In this study, the optimization of this process was carried out using response surface methodology (RSM) combined with Central Composite Design (CCD). The three processing conditions, i.e. radiation dose, precursor silver ion concentration, and alginate concentration were selected as decision variables to maximize two responses in terms of the conversion yield and AgNP concentration responses. The results indicated that the regression model of conversion yield and AgNP concentration fit linearly with the two-factor interaction and the linear model, respectively. The significant effect of the alginate factor on the conversion yield indicates the dual stabilizing–scavenging role of the alginate. The optimum conditions derived from CCD-RSM were obtained at a 20 kGy radiation dose, 7.78 mM precursor silver ion concentration, and 1.2 % (w/v) alginate concentration with the desirability of 0.731. The actual experimental results were 65.43% conversion yield and 480.91 ppm AgNP concentration, which were within the prediction interval at confidence of 95 %. The AgNPs under the optimum condition had a spherical shape, 97.4 % volume of size distribution at 6.50-28.21 nm, and zeta potential of -28.3 mV.

Effect of gamma irradiation on shape memory, thermal and mechanical properties of polycaprolactone

In the present study, the effect of gamma irradiation on the shape memory, thermal and mechanical properties of polycaprolactone (PCL) was investigated. Triallylisocyanurate (TAIC) was used as crosslinker. It was found that gamma irradiation influence the shape memory and mechanical properties of PCL by introducing crosslinking in its network. The degree of crosslinking was analysed by gel content. Gel content up to 50% was obtained with 50 kGy irradiation dose. With the incorporation of crosslinking via irradiation, shape memory property was generated in PCL. Shape recovery up to 95% was observed with 25 kGy radiation dose. Thermal analysis by DSC showed no significant change in melting and crystallization temperature after irradiation. XRD analysis revealed that the crystallized domains of PCL remain intact after irradiation. Mechanical properties viz. tensile strength and Young's modulus increases with irradiation, meanwhile a decrease in elongation was observed. The findings revealed that crosslinking introduced through gamma irradiation along with TAIC is effective in tailoring the shape memory, thermal and mechanical properties of polycaprolactone for different applications.

Structural, thermal, and novel magnetic characteristics of e-beam irradiated PANI/Bi2Te3 composites for tunable applications

Recently, there has been a growing interest in synthesizing new materials with unique physical properties. PANI/Bi 2 Te 3 composites have attracted considerable attention due to the distinctive characteristics of the conductive polymer and semiconductor material. PANI/Bi 2 Te 3 composites were prepared and irradiated with 100 KGy electrons from the electron beam accelerator. After the exposure to the radiation and increasing Bi 2 Te 3 concentration, XRD shows an increase in the unit cell volume and the inter-chain distances where the grains were decreased. Besides TEM, SEM provided the topographic images and the nano-crystal size on the surface and showed the accumulation of the particles of the obtained materials. TGA demonstrates the degradation behavior compositions throughout the heating of the samples. Unexpected ferromagnetic behavior was achieved for the highest ratio of (PANI) 0.3 (Bi 2 Te 3 ) 0.7 , confirmed by VSM and ESR. The ferromagnetic behavior was achieved without introducing any magnetic dopants, making these materials applicable in the future in magnetism. • PANI/Bi 2 Te 3 nano-compositions were successfully achieved via the in-situ polymerization technique. • (PANI) 1−x (Bi 2 Te 3 ) x composites e xposure to 100 KGy irradiation dose from e-beam accelerator. • Structural, topographic, and promising ferromagnetic properties were tested for Bi 2 Te 3 /PANI compositions. • The degradation takes place for PANI/Bi 2 Te 3 compositions throughout the heating was demonstrated by (TGA) technique. • ESR identified the formation of polarons and bi-polarons. production with PANI concentration increase which enhances the charge carriers.