Kg Of NOx Research Articles

폐지 소각 공정의 전과정평가

This study is about practicing LCA on the incinerating waste paper. One kilogram of waste paper needs a 0.089kwh of electricity, 0.86kg of water and 0.0086kg of various chemicalswhile burmed. As a result, 1.13kg of CO2, 0.0015kg of NOx are eliminated as the outcome to the air. Also, 0.1kg of ashs and 0.013kg of arsenic acids are produced. Steam caused by using waste heat is recovered by 3.42MJ. The exhaust of CO2 in the stage of incinerating itself is 1.13kg/f.u. but it gets 0.32kg/f.u.from the energy recovery, so, the total counts 0.82kg/f.u. The order of impact categories from the LCA result is global warming(77.7%), abiotic resource depletion (6.3%) and acidification, eutrophication, ecotoxicity. Even though it might somewhat reduce the bad effect on ecology to cut back the amount of carbon, which is the main ingredient in CO2, however, given that the amount of carbon in paper remains unchanged, that is not the proper plan. Now we can suppose that promote energy recovery would help minimizing the overall burden on the environment. One solution to increase the rate of energy recovery is reducing the content of water in food waste came along with waste paper. And this results in lessening the burden on the environment. Promoting the recycling rate of waste paper, which accounts 56% now, might be the basic solution to reduce the burden on ecology generated from the incineration of paper.

Measurements of NOx emissions and in-service duty cycle from a towboat operating on the inland river system.

This paper describes measurements of NOx emissions from one engine on a commercial towboat operating on the Upper Ohio River system around the Port of Pittsburgh. Continuous measurements were made over a one-week period to characterize emissions during normal operations. The average NOx emission factor is 70 +/- 4.2 kg of NOx per t of fuel, similar to that of larger marine engines. A vessel-specific duty cycle is derived to characterize the towboat's operations; more than 50% of the time the vessel engines are at idle. Although recently promulgated EPA regulations apply only to new marine engines, these data provide insight into inland-river operations, which can be used to evaluate these regulations within the inland river context. This vessel operates as a courier service, scheduling pickups and deliveries of single- or multiple-barge loads per customers' requests; as many as 30% of the 277 towboats in the Pittsburgh region operate in this fashion. The EPA-prescribed ISO E3 duty cycle does not accurately describe inland-river operations of this towboat: its application overestimates actual NOx emissions by 14%. Only 41% of this vessel's operations fall within the Not-To-Exceed Zone defined by the EPA regulations, which limits the effectiveness of this component of the regulations to limit emissions from vessels that operate in a similar fashion.