Kg For Women Research Articles

Prediction of Probable Sarcopenia with an Alternative Method: Plantar Flexion Strength

Objective : Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome characterized by age-related reduction in muscle mass and strength. Assessment of handgrip strength (HGS) is an essential measurement for the diagnosis of sarcopenia; however, disorders affecting upper limb muscles and joints may pose challenges in assessing handgrip strength. Therefore, the present study aimed to show the validity of plantar flexion strength (PFS) in diagnosing probable sarcopenia and investigating the relations between comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) and PFS while determining appropriate cutoff values for PFS. Methods : A total of 304 older participants who underwent CGA were included. The revised criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) were used to determine PFS cutoff values for gender groups. Associations between probable sarcopenia and CGA parameters were investigated using PFS cutoffs. Results : The mean age was 74.50±7.10, and 170 of the participants (55.9%) were women. The mean HGS was 14.40±5.63 kg in women and 25.08±8.07 kg in men. The mean PFS were 13.17±3.62 and 14.92±3.86 kg respectively. In females, PFS cutoff with sensitivity/specificity; 0.81/0.60 was set at 14.95 kg (AUC 0.69, 95%CI: 0.611-0.772, p<0.001). In males, PFS cutoff with sensitivity/specificity; 0.80/0.55 was set at 16.80 kg (AUC 0.68, 95%CI: 0.593-0.772, p<0.001). Probable sarcopenia identified by GMS was associated with basic living activities, mobility, and frailty after adjusting for age and sex (p<0.001, p=0.021, and p=0.011 respectively). Conclusions : Probable sarcopenia identified by PFS could be associated with CGA. PFS may be useful for evaluating probable sarcopenia in older whose HGS cannot be estimated accurately.

MO924: Association Between Dynapenia, Cardiovascular Hospitalizations and All-Cause Mortality Among Patients on Hemodialysis

Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS Low muscle strength is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients on hemodialysis (HD). However, the association between dynapenia, characterized by both low handgrip strength (HGS) and leg strength (LS) and long-term clinical outcomes in patients on HD has not yet been reported. Therefore, this study investigated whether dynapenia was associated with higher cardiovascular (CV) hospitalization risk and all-cause mortality in patients on HD. METHOD This retrospective study used the data of outpatients on HD from two dialysis facilities between October 2002 and March 2020. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board/Ethics Committee of Kitasato University of Allied Health Sciences and was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent before inclusion in the study. Low muscle strength was defined as an HGS of &amp;lt; 28 kg for men and &amp;lt; 18 kg for women and an LS of &amp;lt; 40% dry weight. Furthermore, dynapenia was categorized into three groups: robust (‘high HGS and high LS’), either low HGS or low LS (‘low HGS only’ or ‘low LS only’) and dynapenia (‘low HGS and low LS’). The outcomes were all-cause mortality and a composite of CV hospitalizations and mortality. These associations were examined using Cox proportional hazards and negative binomial models. RESULTS Data from 616 patients (mean age, 65.4 ± 12.2 years; men, 61%) were analyzed. During the follow-up (median, 3.0 years), 163 deaths and 288 CV hospitalizations occurred. Figure 1 shows the results of the Kaplan–Meier survival analyses of the robust, either low HGS or low LS, and dynapenia groups. The log-rank test showed significantly worse survival in the either low HGS or low LS and dynapenia groups than in the robust group (P &amp;lt; 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, HD vintage, comorbidity index, serum albumin, serum hemoglobin, serum creatinine and C-reactive protein levels, patients with either low HGS or low LS [hazard ratio (HR), 1.81; 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), 1.51–2.17] and dynapenia (HR 2.77, 95% CI 2.48–3.08) were found to have a higher mortality risk than those in the robust group. Similarly, compared with the robust group, either the low HGS or low LS [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.45, 95% CI 1.04–2.03] and dynapenia (IRR 2.06, 95% CI 1.48–2.89) groups had higher multiple CV hospitalization and all-cause mortality risks. CONCLUSION Dynapenia, characterized by both low HGS and LS, was significantly associated with increased CV hospitalization and mortality risk in patients on HD. Clinical assessments of muscle strength and screening patients with low muscle strength are crucial for disease management in this population. Measuring the muscle strength of the entire extremity, and not only the upper or lower extremities, may be necessary for accurate prognostic stratification.

Associations of handgrip strength with all-cause and cancer mortality in older adults: a prospective cohort study in 28 countries.

Backgroundmixed evidence exists on the association between muscle strength and mortality in older adults, in particular for cancer mortality.Aimto examine the dose–response association of objectively handgrip strength with all-cause and cancer mortality.Study Design and Settingdata from consecutive waves from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe comprising 27 European countries and Israel were retrieved. Overall, 54,807 men (45.2%; 128,753 observations) and 66,576 women (54.8%; 159,591 observations) aged 64.0 (SD 9.6) and 63.9 (SD 10.2) years, respectively, were included. Cox regression and Fine-Grey sub-distribution method were conducted.Resultsduring the follow-up period (896,836 person-year), the fully adjusted model showed the lowest significant risk estimates for the highest third of handgrip strength when compared with the first third (reference) in men (hazard ratio [HR], 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34–0.50) and women (HR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.30–0.49) for all-cause mortality. We identified a maximal threshold for reducing the risk of all-cause mortality for men (42 kg) and women (25 kg), as well as a linear dose–response association in participants aged 65 or over. No robust association for cancer mortality was observed.Conclusionthese results indicate an inverse dose–response association between incremental levels of handgrip and all-cause mortality in older adults up to 42 kg for men and 25 kg for women, and a full linear association for participants aged 65 years or over. These findings warrant preventive strategies for older adults with low levels of handgrip strength.

Gender and education inequalities in dynapenia-free life expectancy: ELSI-Brazil

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE To estimate the dynapenia-free life expectancy among community-dwelling older Brazilian adults and evaluate gender-related and educational differences.METHODS This is a cross-sectional study. The data were obtained from the Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros (ELSI-Brazil – Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging), conducted from 2015 to 2016 in Brazil. Dynapenia is defined as low muscle strength (< 27kg for men and < 16kg for women), measured with a handgrip dynamometer. The dynapenia-free life expectancy was estimated using the Sullivan method based on the standard period life table and dynapenia prevalence, stratified by age groups, gender, and schooling.RESULTS A total of 8,827 participants, aged 50 and over (53.3% women), were investigated. The prevalence of dynapenia was 17.7% among men and 18.5% among women. The women live longer and with more years free of dynapenia than men. Those in the higher education category (four or more years) presented an advantage in the dynapenia-free life expectancy estimates.CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest the substantial impact of dynapenia on longer dynapenia-free life expectancy among older people. Understanding dynapenia prevalence and dynapenia-free life expectancy could assist in predicting care needs, as well as targeting efforts to delay the onset of complications related to it at older ages. Without the implementation of policy regarding dynapenia prevention, inequalities in health due to gender and socioeconomic status may continue to increase.

Relationship between Handgrip Strength, Socioeconomic Status and Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: A Correlation Study

Objective: Dynapenia involves decline in a range of functional abilities and phenotypes, many of which are associated with socioeconomic status (SES) and depressive symptoms. Reduced handgrip strength (HGS) predicts disability, morbidity and mortality but it is unclear if it is influenced by socioeconomic factors and depression. This study therefore, aimed to assess SES, depressive symptoms and HGS among older adults. Methods: A total of 33 community dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Kuppuswamy socioeconomic scale, geriatric depression scale (GDS) and handheld dynamometer were used to assess socioeconomic status, depressive symptoms and handgrip strength respectively.Results: The mean HGS was 22.8 kg for men and 17.4 kg for women. In adjusted linear regression analysis among both men and women SES has a significant association with HGS and depressive symptoms in older adults. Depressive symptoms were negatively associated with grip strength while positively associated with SES. Conclusion: Our results suggest that lower HGS, using standardised age and gender is associated with depressive symptoms and SES. HGS can be a simple tool and guidelines for health workers and caregivers to identify and reduce clinical, functional, psychological, social and economic risk factors for disability

Association Between Dynapenic Abdominal Obesity and Fall Risk in Older Adults.

BackgroundIn recent years, dynapenic abdominal obesity has received more and more attention. This article aimed to explore the relationship between dynapenic abdominal obesity and fall risk in older adults.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, according to waist circumference (≥90 cm for men and ≥85 cm for women) and handgrip strength (<28 kg for men and <18 kg for women), 551 older adults were divided into four groups: dynapenic abdominal obese (D/AO), dynapenic nonabdominal obese (D/NAO), nondynapenic abdominal obese (ND/AO) and nondynapenic nonabdominal obese (ND/NAO). Fall risk was measured by the Tinetti performance-oriented mobility assessment (POMA). Binary logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between D/AO and fall risk.ResultsD/AO was related to POMA score (odds ratio [OR]=3.39; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47–7.81; P=0.004) after adjusting the confounding variables. However, D/NAO (OR=1.51; 95% CI:0.69–3.32; P=0.302) and ND/AO (OR=1.48; 95% CI:0.74–2.99; P=0.272) were not associated with POMA score.ConclusionThis study suggests that older adults with D/AO have a higher risk of falls. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the attention to D/AO and relevant interventions should be implemented.

Sarcopenic obesity is associated with cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults: The Bunkyo Health Study

Coexistence of obesity and decreased muscle strength, defined as sarcopenic obesity, is often observed in the older adults. The present study investigated whether sarcopenic obesity, defined as reduced handgrip strength and increased body mass index (BMI), is associated with cognitive impairment. Study participants include 1615 older adults aged 65-84 years who lived in an urban area of Tokyo, Japan and participated in the Bunkyo Health Study. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia were defined based on ≤22 points of Montreal Cognitive Assessment and ≤23 points of the Mine-Mental State Examination, respectively. Handgrip strength was measured using a dynamometer in a standing position. We divided participants into four groups according to their sarcopenia (probable) (handgrip strength <28kg in men and <18kg in women) and obesity status (BMI ≥25kg/m2) as control, obesity, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity, and investigated the association between cognitive function, sarcopenia, and obesity status. Mean age was 73.1±5.4 years, and 57.6% of study participants were female. The prevalence of control, obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity was 59.4%, 21.2%, 14.6%, and 4.7%, respectively. The prevalence of MCI and dementia, respectively, was highest in participants with sarcopenic obesity, followed by those with sarcopenia, obesity, and control. After multivariate adjustment, sarcopenic obesity was independently associated with increased odds of MCI and dementia compared with the control (MCI: 2.11 [95% confidence interval, 1.12-3.62]; dementia: 6.17 [2.50-15.27]). Sarcopenic obesity was independently associated with MCI and dementia among Japanese older adults. Future studies are necessary to clarify the causal relationship.

Hepatic enhancement at computed tomography: is there a dependence on body weight past institutional contrast dosing limits?

Although described in product monographs, the maximum contrast media (CM) dose at computed tomography (CT) varies among institutions. To investigate whether an upper limit of 40 g of iodine in women and 50 g in men is sufficient or if there is a body weight (BW) dependence of mean hepatic enhancement (MHE) beyond those thresholds. At our institution, CM injection duration is fixed to 30 s and dosed 600 mg iodine/kg up to 40 g in women and 50 g in men. Pre- and post-contrast hepatic attenuation values (HU) were retrospectively obtained in 200 women and 200 men with glomerular filtration rate >45 mL/min undergoing 18-flurodeoxyglucose PET-CT (18F-FDG PET-CT) of which half weighed below and half above those dose thresholds using iodixanol 320 mg iodine/mL or iomeprol 400 mg iodine/mL. The correlation between BW and MHE was assessed by simple linear regression. Weight range was 41-120 kg in women and 47-137 kg in men. There was no significant relationship between MHE and BW in women receiving <40 g (r = -0.05, P = 0.63) or in men receiving <50 g (r = 0.18, P = 0.07). Above those thresholds there was an inverse relationship (r = -0.64, P<0.001 in women and r = -0.30, P<0.002 in men). There was no apparent upper limit where the dependence of hepatic MHE on BW decreased. Hepatosteatosis limited MHE. Adjusting CM to BW diminishes the dependence of MHE on BW. There was no apparent upper limit for the relationship between BW and MHE in heavier patients at CM-enhanced CT.

Abstract MP63: Longitudinal Analysis Of Handgrip Strength And Cognitive Function During Aging- Share

Background: Aging is associated with various chronic conditions, such as cognitive and muscle strength decline. Previous studies have analysed the association between physical factors and cognitive decline however, the magnitude and the direction of the association between handgrip strength (HGS) and cognitive decline are not fully understood. Objectives: To analyse the association between HGS and cognitive decline in numeracy, recall and verbal fluency according to sex in a large multicentric population. Methods: A longitudinal study including people aged 50 and over from the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) was conducted, involving participants from 28 European countries. Repeated HGS measures from a dynamometer and cognitive scores in numeracy, recall, and verbal fluency were biannually analysed for 4 years. Individuals with Parkinson along the study or dementia diagnosis at baseline were excluded. For the analysis of HGS as a predictor of future cognitive decline, HGS was categorized in quintiles by sex. In men HGS quintiles were Q1 (8-35kg), Q2 (36-41kg), Q3 (42-45kg), Q4 (46-50kg) and Q5 (51-80kg). In women HGS quintiles were Q1 (4-21kg), Q2 (22-25 kg), Q3 (26-28 kg), Q4 (29-32 kg) and Q5 (33-55 kg). First quintile in each sex was used as reference. In the analysis of cognitive performance as a predictor of HGS decline, different cognitive scores were treated in their logarithmical form as a function of HGS continuously. Possible confounding factors were controlled through general estimated equations and adjusted for baseline handgrip strength quintile and time-varying covariates as age, time, education, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, BMI index, chronical illnesses, Alzheimer disease, depression, functionality scores, and sarcopenia. Results: A total of 8,236 individuals were included, 55.73% were females with a mean age of 67.55 (± 8.4) years, while in males it was of 68.42 (±7.7) years. A significant longitudinal association between HGS and cognitive function in all three domains was found in both sexes, except numeracy in males. The fully adjusted β coefficients CI (95%) for the fifth HGS quintile in numeracy, verbal fluency and recall were 0.041 (0.004-0.082), 0.078 (0.038-0.117) and 0.095 (0.039-0.151) respectively for men and 0.076 (0.039-0.113), 0.094 (0.060-0.0128) and 0.092 (0.047-0.137) respectively for women. On the other hand the greatest cognitive predictor of HGS was verbal fluency in both sexes, β(95%), 0.796 (0.464 to 1.128)kg in men and 0.801 (0.567 to 1.109)kg in women. Conclusion: There is a significant and bidirectional association between HGS and the cognitive performance in men and women over 50 years studied in SHARE.

Relationship between Low Muscle Strength, and Protein Intake: A Preliminary Study of Elderly Patients with Hip Fracture.

BackgroundThe purpose of the present study was to assess the daily protein uptake and its relationship with sarcopenia, as defined by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS), among elderly patients with hip fractures.MethodsForty-seven elderly patients with hip fractures were enrolled in this retrospective observational study. The main outcome measures included protein uptake, muscle mass, and grip strength for sarcopenia in elderly patients. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to AWGS. Whole-body densitometry was used to measure skeletal muscle mass, and muscle strength was evaluated using handgrip testing.ResultsOf 47 patients with hip fractures (12 men and 35 women), 37 (79%) patients exhibited insufficient protein intake (range, 0.01–0.588 g/kg/day), and 10 (21%) patients exhibited excessive protein intake (range, 1.215–2.121 g/kg/day). The mean daily protein intake was 56.5 g (range, 7.2–136.0 g). Prevalence of low muscle strength (handgrip strength <18 kg in women and <26 kg in men) was detected in 13 (37%) women and 8 (67%) men (P=0.076). Sarcopenia (lower muscle mass and lower muscle strength) was detected in 9 (26%) women and 6 (50%) men (P=0.119). Although lower protein intake was marginally associated with sarcopenia (P=0.189), it was significantly associated with lower grip strength (P=0.042).ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated that insufficient protein intake in elderly patients with hip fractures was common, and lower protein intake was significantly associated with lower muscle strength.

Dose-response relationships of sarcopenia parameters with incident disability and mortality in older Japanese adults.

BackgroundSarcopenia‐related parameters may have differential impacts on health‐related outcomes in older adults. We examined dose–response relationships of body composition, muscle strength, and physical performance with incident disability and mortality.MethodsThis prospective study included 1765 Japanese residents (862 men; 903 women) aged ≥65 years who participated in health check‐ups. Outcomes were incident disability and all‐cause mortality. Fat mass index (FMI) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), determined using segmental multi‐frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis, handgrip strength (HGS), and usual gait speed (UGS) were measured. We determined multivariate‐adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for disability and mortality relative to sex‐specific reference values (FMI: medians; SMI: 7.0 kg/m2 for men and 5.7 kg/m2 for women; HGS: 28 kg for men and 18 kg for women; or UGS: 1.0 m/s for both sexes). Association shapes were examined using restricted cubic splines or fractional polynomial functions.ResultsThe median follow‐up was 5.3 years; 107 (12.7%) men and 123 (14.2%) women developed disability, and 101 (11.7%) men and 56 (6.2%) women died. FMI did not impact any outcome in men and disability in women, while an FMI ≤ 7.3 kg/m2 (median) was significantly associated with higher mortality risk in women, compared with median FMI. SMI did not impact disability in either sex and mortality in women, but showed a significant inverse dose–response relationship with mortality risk in men [HRs (95% confidence intervals) of minimum and maximum values compared with the reference value: 2.18 (1.07–4.46) and 0.43 (0.20–0.93), respectively], independent of HGS and UGS. HGS and UGS showed a significant inverse dose–response relationship with disability in both sexes [HGS: 1.71 (1.00–2.91) and 0.31 (0.09–0.99), respectively, in men, 2.42 (1.18–4.96) and 0.41 (0.20–0.85), respectively, in women; UGS: 2.14 (1.23–3.74) and 0.23 (0.08–0.67), respectively, in men, 3.26 (2.07–5.14) and 0.11 (0.05–0.26), respectively, in women] and mortality in women [HGS: 6.84 (2.84–16.47) and 0.06 (0.02–0.21), respectively; UGS: 2.67 (1.14–6.27) and 0.30 (0.11–0.85), respectively], independent of body composition, but did not impact mortality in men.ConclusionsDisability risk was more dependent on muscle strength and physical performance in both sexes. Mortality risk in men was more dependent on muscle mass, and mortality risk in women was influenced by lower fat mass along with muscle strength and physical performance. Although improving muscle strength and physical performance should be the first target for health promotion, it is also necessary to pay attention to body composition to extend life expectancy in older adults.

Phenotypic differences between people varying in muscularity.

BackgroundBody mass is the primary metabolic compartment related to a vast number of clinical indices and predictions. The extent to which skeletal muscle (SM), a major body mass component, varies between people of the same sex, weight, height, and age is largely unknown. The current study aimed to explore the magnitude of muscularity variation present in adults and to examine if variation in muscularity associates with other body composition and metabolic measures.MethodsMuscularity was defined as the difference (residual) between a person's actual and model‐predicted SM mass after controlling for their weight, height, and age. SM prediction models were developed using data from a convenience sample of 492 healthy non‐Hispanic (NH) White adults (ages 18–80 years) who had total body SM and SM surrogate, appendicular lean soft tissue (ALST), measured with magnetic resonance imaging and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, respectively; residual SM (SMR) and ALST were expressed in kilograms and kilograms per square meter. ALST mass was also evaluated in a population sample of 8623 NH‐White adults in the 1999–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Associations between muscularity and variation in the residual mass of other major organs and tissues and resting energy expenditure were evaluated in the convenience sample.ResultsThe SM, on average, constituted the largest fraction of body weight in men and women up to respective BMIs of 35 and 25 kg/m2. SM in the convenience sample varied widely with a median of 31.2 kg and an SMR inter‐quartile range/min/max of 3.35 kg/−10.1 kg/9.0 kg in men and 21.1 kg and 2.59 kg/−7.2 kg/7.5 kg in women; per cent of body weight as SM at 25th and 75th percentiles for men were 33.1% and 39.6%; corresponding values in women were 24.2% and 30.8%; results were similar for SMR indices and for ALST measures in the convenience and population samples. Greater muscularity in the convenience sample was accompanied by a smaller waist circumference (men/women: P < 0.001/=0.085) and visceral adipose tissue (P = 0.014/0.599), larger liver (P = 0.065/<0.001), kidneys (P = 0.051/<0.009), and bone mineral (P < 0.001/<0.001), and larger magnitude resting energy expenditure (P < 0.001/<0.001) than predicted for the same sex, age, weight, and height.ConclusionsMuscle mass is the largest body compartment in most adults without obesity and is widely variable in mass across people of similar body size and age; and high muscularity is accompanied by distinct body composition and metabolic characteristics. This previously unrecognized heterogeneity in muscularity in the general population has important clinical and research implications.

Eating Speed Is Associated with the Presence of Sarcopenia in Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study of the KAMOGAWA-DM Cohort.

To determine the relationship between eating speed and the presence of sarcopenia in older patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), in this cross-sectional study, patient eating speeds were classified as “fast-”, “normal-” and “slow-speed eating.” A multifrequency impedance analyzer was used to evaluate patient body compositions. Sarcopenia was defined as having both low muscle strength, a handgrip strength <28 kg for men and <18 kg for women, and low skeletal muscle mass as a skeletal muscle mass index <7.0 kg/m2 for men and <5.7 kg/m2 for women. Among 239 individuals, the frequencies of fast-, normal-, and slow-speed eating were 47.3%, 32.2%, and 20.5%, respectively; and the prevalence of sarcopenia was 15.9%. Patients with a slow eating speed had greater prevalence of low skeletal muscle mass, low muscle strength, and sarcopenia than those with a fast or normal eating speed. After adjusting for covariates, compared to slow eaters, the odds ratio of having sarcopenia among fast- and normal-speed eaters was 0.31 [95% CI: 0.12–0.80] and 0.18 [95% CI: 0.06–0.53], respectively. Having a slow eating speed is associated with a heightened risk of sarcopenia in older patients with T2D.

Utility of a Score for Predicting Glomerular Filtration Rate Overestimation in Patients with Cardiovascular and Renal Diseases and Their Risk Factors.

Objective We recently reported a novel score for the detection of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) overestimation using a creatinine-based equation. We examined the utility of this score in patients with cardiovascular/renal diseases and diabetes mellitus. Methods We enrolled 1,425 patients (65±15 years old; 37% women) who were admitted to our hospital for the management of cardiovascular and renal diseases and their risk factors. Overestimation of the GFR (OE) was defined as a creatinine-based GFR (eGFRcre) ≥120% of the cystatin C-based estimated GFR. The OE score was calculated as the sum of the scores for the body weight, hemoglobin concentration, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/serum creatinine (Scr), totaling 1 point if the body weight was <63.0 kg in men or <42.0 kg in women, 1 point if the hemoglobin concentration was <12.4 g/dL in men or <11.0 g/dL in women, and 1 point if the BUN/Scr was >26.5. Results The proportion of patients with OE was 14.2%. The score predicted OE with a sensitivity of 70.8% and a specificity of 99.6%, and the sensitivity was increased in patients ≥75 years old (88.3%) and decreased in diabetics (58.6%). When patients were divided into subgroups by the total score, the frequencies of OE were 8% (59/754), 14% (72/502), 38% (58/151), and 72% (13/18) in patients with scores of 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Conclusion The OE score is useful for detecting elderly cases of cardiovascular and renal diseases in which eGFRcre overestimates the GFR, although its utility is limited in diabetics.

Insufficient physical activity and multimorbidity was associated with low physical functional performance in older adults: a cross-sectional study

Objective: Aging, physical inactivity, and chronic disease can decrease strength and muscle mass and affect mobility and autonomy in older adults. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence and associated factors of low physical functional performance among older adults in the city of Pomerode, in southern Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional population-based study with data on 733 older adults from the Study of Health in Pomerode — SHIP-Brazil. Low functional physical performance was defined as handgrip strength ≤ 32 kg for men or ≤ 20 kg for women and/or a Timed Up and Go test ≥ 11 seconds for men or ≥ 13 seconds for women. Associations were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of low physical functional performance was 43.7% (42.2% among women and 45.5% among men). Low physical functional performance was associated with the 70–79 years age group (odds ratio [OR] = 2.07) and insufficient physical activity (OR = 2.73) in men, and with the 70–79 years age group (OR = 2.09) and multimorbidity (OR = 1.87) in women. In general, older age, insufficient physical activity, and multimorbidity were associated with low physical functional performance in older adults. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that while insufficient physical activity is crucial for physical functional performance in older men, multimorbidity appears to be crucial for older women.

The Role of Dynapenia and Abdominal Obesity in Determining Fall Risk in the Elderly

Aim: Dynapenia (D) and abdominal obesity (AO) are associated with many adverse health outcomes in the elderly. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the role of dynapenia and abdominal obesity in determining the risk of falling in the elderly. Materials and Methods: A total of 400 (71.6±5.9) elderly, 228 of whom were women, were included in the study. All participants were evaluated with anthropometric measurements as well as hand grip strength, gait speed and Tinetti Balance and Gait Assesment (TBGA). AO was defined by waist circumference (WC) (WC≥102 cm in men and WC≥88 cm in women). Hand grip strength (HGS) was measured by hand dynamometry. Those with HGS &lt;27 kg for men and &lt;16 kg for women were defined as dineapenic (D). All participants were classified as ND/NAO, D/NAO, ND/AO, and D/AO. Results: Gait speed was found to be lower in the ND/AO and D/AO groups (p&lt;0.001). According to TBGA scores, 25 (35.2%) of 71 patients with high fall risk were D/AO, while 27 (38%) were ND/AO (p=0.018). While the risk of high falls was 14.4% in the ND/AO group, this rate increased to 24% in the D/AO group. WC (p&lt;0.001, OR= -0.01 [-0.01-0.01]), HGS (p=0.025, OR= 0.03 [0.00-0.01]) and TBGA (p&lt;0.001, OR= 0.066 [0.06-0.07]) high were determined as predictors of fall risk. Conclusion: Our study showed that WC and HGS measurements, as well as TBGA, are effective in detecting high fall risk in the elderly. It may be possible to prevent falls and fall-related injuries by early detection of abdominal obesity and decreased muscle strength, which are among the correctable risk factors in the elderly, and by performing the necessary interventions.

Influence of handgrip strength on dynamic balance and functional mobility in older adults

Background: low muscle strength is common and important in geriatric syndromes including frailty and sarcopenia. Muscle strength is only one of the many components in risk of falls and it is currently unclear to what extend handgrip strength (HGS) is associated with dynamic balance and functional mobility. HGS is frequently used as a measurement of muscle strength, especially among older adults. However, there is conflicting evidence assessing the correlation between HGS and other feasible measures like dynamic balance and functional mobility. Objective: To determine the relationship between HGS on dynamic balance and functional mobility in older adults. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted among community living older adults. 33 older adults aged 65 and above were included in the study. Sociodemographic data were collected and test of HGS was carried out by using handheld dynamometer. Four square step test (FSST) was used to assess dynamic balance and time up and go test (TUGT) was used to asses functional mobility. The Pearson correlation test was used to find the correlation. Results: The average HGS in the study group amounted to 20.33 kg, including 22.8 kg in men and 17.4 kg in women. Pearson correlation coefficient test found a negative correlation (r = -0.19) between HGS and FSST and was found to be statistically non-significant (p>0.05). similarly, negative correlation (r = - 0.53) was found between HGS and TUGT and found to be statistically highly significant (p

Encumbered and Traditional Anthropometry of Law Enforcement Officers for Vehicle Workspace and Protective Equipment Design.

This study investigated anthropometric changes of national law enforcement officers (LEOs) in 46 years, compared the differences between LEO data and civilian anthropometry, and identified the magnitude of differences in dimensions measured with gear versus semi-nude measurements. The best available 46-year-old anthropometric dataset of LEOs has largely become outdated due to demographic changes. Additionally, anthropometric data of female LEOs and LEO measurements with gear are lacking. Thirty-four traditional body dimensions and 15 with gear measurements of 756 male and 218 female LEOs were collected through a stratified national survey using a data collection trailer that traveled across the U.S. and the data were compared to the LEO anthropometric data from 1975 and existing civilian anthropometric databases. LEO body size and shape have evolved over the past 46 years - an increase of 12.2kg in body weight, 90mm in chest circumference, and 120mm in waist circumference for men. No previous data was available for comparison for females. Compared to civilians, both male and female LEOs have a larger upper body build. LEO gear added 91mm in waist breadth for men and 120mm for women, and 11kg in weight for men and 9kg for women. The study reveals that equipment design based on the existing civilian datasets or 46-year-old LEO dataset would not accommodate the current LEO population. The new data fill this gap. Application: The differences reported above are important for LEO body gear, vehicle console, and vehicle ingress/egress design.

Association of Gestational Weight Gain With Infant Morbidity and Mortality in the United States

The associations of gestational weight gain (GWG) with infant morbidity and mortality are unclear, and the existing recommendations for GWG have not been stratified by the severity of obesity. To identify optimal GWG ranges associated with reduced risks of infant morbidity and mortality across maternal body mass index (BMI) categories. This retrospective cohort study used US nationwide, linked birth and infant death data between 2011 and 2015 to assess the associations of GWG in 2.0-kg groups with infant morbidity and mortality and identified optimal GWG ranges associated with reduced risks of both outcomes, using multivariable logistic regression models. Statistical analysis was performed from February 11 to October 14, 2021. Gestational weight gain equivalent to 40 weeks. The 2 main outcomes were (1) significant morbidity of the newborn infant, defined as any presence of assisted ventilation, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, surfactant therapy, antibiotic therapy, or seizures; and (2) infant mortality younger than 1 year of age (<1 hour, 1-23 hours, 1-6 days, 7-27 days, or 28-365 days after birth). In this study of 15 759 945 mother-infant dyads, the mean (SD) age of the women was 28.1 (5.9) years. Women gained a mean (SD) of 14.1 (7.3) kg during pregnancy, and the mean (SD) GWG decreased with BMI categories (underweight, 15.7 [6.4] kg; normal weight, 15.4 [6.2] kg; overweight, 14.2 [7.4] kg; obesity class 1, 12.2 [8.0] kg; obesity class 2, 10.3 [8.4] kg; obesity class 3, 8.2 [9.2] kg; P < .001). A total of 8.8% of the newborns experienced significant morbidity, with the lowest prevalence among infants delivered by women in the normal weight BMI class (8.0%) and the highest among infants delivered by women with class 3 obesity (12.4%); 0.34% of infants died within 1 year of birth, with the lowest prevalence among infants delivered by women in the normal weight BMI class (0.28%) and the highest among infants delivered by women with class 3 obesity (0.58%). Optimal GWG ranges were 12.0 to less than 24.0 kg for underweight and normal weight women, 10.0 to less than 20.0 kg for overweight women, 8.0 to less than 16.0 kg for women with class 1 obesity, 6.0 to less than 16.0 kg for class 2 obesity, and 6.0 to less than 10.0 kg for class 3 obesity. The lower bounds of the optimal GWG ranges appeared to be higher than the existing recommendations for overweight women (10.0 vs 7.0 kg) and for those with class 1 (8.0 vs 5.0 kg), class 2 (6.0 vs 5.0 kg), and class 3 (6.0 vs 5.0 kg) obesity. This study analyzed the associations of GWG with infant morbidity and mortality across BMI categories and found that inadequate GWG was associated with increased risks of adverse infant outcomes even for women with obesity. The results suggested that weight maintenance or weight loss should not be used as routine guidelines.

Association between dairy protein and body composition in middle-aged and older women: A community-based, 12-year, prospective cohort study

Changes in body composition during aging include decreased muscle mass and increased fat mass. Women with low muscle mass with abdominal obesity (LMAO), in particular, could be at higher risk of morbidities and mortality than those with either sarcopenia or obesity alone. Dairy products, which contain whey protein and all essential amino acids, could have a beneficial role in preserving muscle mass and reducing obesity. We aimed to analyze the association between dairy protein and the development of LMAO in women using a large-scale, community-based prospective cohort. Our analysis included 4251 women from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Participants were categorized into three groups by the tertile of dairy protein intake, which was assessed using a semi-quantitative 103-food item food frequency questionnaire. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was estimated using the anthropometric equation. Low muscle mass (LM) was defined as a muscle mass of less than 15kg in women. Abdominal obesity (AO) was defined as a weight to height ratio of 0.58 or greater. LMAO was defined as LM in combination with AO. Multiple Cox hazard regression analysis was conducted to examine associations between dairy protein intake and incident LMAO. During follow-up (mean, 9.6 years), 280 women newly developed LMAO. According to Cox proportional regression models, the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for incident LMAO in the middle and highest tertiles were 0.89 (0.74-1.06) and 0.71 (0.59-0.86), compared with lowest tertile, after adjusting for confounding variables. These findings indicate that high dairy protein intake is inversely related with LMAO development in Korean women. Dairy protein intake could be effective in preventing incident LMAO.