Kg For Males Research Articles

Strong association between sarcopenia and visceral fat in the long term after cholecystectomy: A cross-sectional study using the ISarcoPRM algorithm.

Cholecystectomy generally has no adverse effects on health. Studies demonstrating the association between metabolic diseases and long-term effects of cholecystectomy are increasing. preperitoneal fat thickness (PFT) is an important indicator of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for sarcopenia. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between cholecystectomy and sarcopenia-visceral fat using the ISarcoPRM algorithm, which is an easy, reliable, and inexpensive method based on ultrasound measurement, to evaluate sarcopenia in patients with long-term previous cholecystectomy. This cross-sectional study included participants who had undergone cholecystectomy at least 5 years ago and a control group with similar characteristics. Sarcopenia was assessed using the ISarcoPRM algorithm, incorporating the sonographic thigh adjustment ratio (STAR), grip strength, and chair stand test (CST). Together with low STAR values (<1.0 for females and <1.4 for males), ow grip strength (<19 kg for females or <32 kg for males), and/or prolonged CST duration (≥12 seconds) were used to diagnose sarcopenia. Ultrasound was used to measure the visceral fat thickness. The investigation of sarcopenia and PFT values between individuals with and without cholecystectomy was planned. A total of 158 participants were included, including 89 post-cholecystectomy patients and 69 controls. Binary regression analysis revealed that cholecystectomy was positively associated with sarcopenia (OR = 2.788, 95% CI: 1.054-7.375, P = .039). However, when PFT was included, it was independently associated with sarcopenia (OR = 1.157, 95% CI: 1.067-1.254, P < .001), and the relationship with cholecystectomy disappeared (P > .05). PFT values of 10.0 mm or higher were associated with 5.875 times (95% CI: 2.035-16.961, P = .001) increased odds of sarcopenia. Sarcopenia was 2.8 times more frequent in patients who had undergone cholecystectomy than in those who had not, but this relationship was mediated by increased PFT. The risk of sarcopenia increased up to 5.875 times when the PFT exceeded 10 mm.

The connection between anemia and limitations in daily activities among older males: the critical role of dynapenia

AimThe aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between anemia and basic and instrumental activities of daily living in older male patients.MethodsA total of 223 older males attending one geriatric outpatient clinic were included in this cross-sectional study. Anemia was defined as a hemoglobin level below 13 g/dL. Patients’ demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and comprehensive geriatric assessment parameters were also recorded. Handgrip strength of < 27 kg for males was accepted as dynapenia. Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) questionnaires were used to evaluate functional capacity.ResultsThe mean age (standard deviation) of the participants was 80.17 (7.69) years. The prevalence of patients with anemia was 43.9%. There was differences between anemic and non-anemic groups in terms of presence of diabetes mellitus (DM), congestive heart failure (CHF), chronic kidney disease (CKD), malnutrition, dynapenia, geriatric depression, BADL and IADL scores (all p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, after adjusting for all confounding variables except for dynapenia, patients with anemia were associated with reduced BADL and IADL (all p < 0.05). After adjusting for all confounding variables including dynapenia, deterioration in total BADL and IADL scores did not remain significant in the anemic group compared to the non-anemic group (p > 0.05).ConclusionClose to one in two older outpatient men had anemia. Anemic men had a higher incidence of DM, CHF, CKD, malnutrition, geriatric depression and dynapenia. Anemia was associated with dependence in both BADL and IADL in older men. However, comorbidities, nutritional status, depressive mood and, specifically muscle strength, were important contributors to this association.

The 30-day readmission rate of patients with an overlap of probable sarcopenia and malnutrition undergoing major oncological surgery.

Overlapping sarcopenia and malnutrition may increase the risk of readmission in surgical oncology. Overlapping probable sarcopenia/malnutrition was found in 4.6% of 238 patients and the 30-day unplanned readmission rate was 9.0%. In multivariate analysis, the overlap of probable sarcopenia and malnutrition was a significant predictor for the 30-day unplanned readmission (OR= 8.10, 95%CI= 1.20-0.55; p=0.032). ■ Probable sarcopenia plus malnutrition was significantly associated with unplanned readmission. ■ Overlap of probable sarcopenia and malnutrition was an independent risk factor for readmission. ■ Certification of whether the patient is malnourished and/or sarcopenic preoperatively is necessary. ■ SARC-F and subjective global assessment can effectively and easily assess sarcopenia and malnutrition at admission. To assess the 30-day unplanned readmission rate and its association with overlapping probable sarcopenia and malnutrition after major oncological surgery. A prospective bicentric observational cohort study performed with adult oncological patients undergoing major surgery. The primary outcome was unplanned readmission within 30 days after discharge and the association with probable sarcopenia and malnutrition. Nutritional status and probable sarcopenia were assessed just prior to surgery. Patients classified using subjective global assessment, as B and C were malnourished. Probable sarcopenia was defined using SARC-F (strength, assistance with walking, rise from a chair, climb stairs, falls) questionnaire ≥4 points and low HGS (handgrip strength) <27kg for males and <16kg for females. Two hundred and thirty-eight patients (51.7% female) with a median age of 60 years were included. The 30-day readmission rate was 9.0% (n=20). Univariate analysis showed an association of malnutrition (odds ratio (OR) = 4.84; p=0.024) and probable sarcopenia (OR = 4.94; p=0.049) with 30-day readmission. Furthermore, when both conditions were present, the patient was almost nine times more likely to be readmitted (OR = 8.9; p=0.017). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that overlapping probable sarcopenia and malnutrition was an independent predictor of 30-day unplanned readmission (OR = 8.10, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.20-0.55; p=0.032). The 30-day unplanned readmission rate was 9.0%, and the overlap of probable sarcopenia and malnutrition is an independent predictor for the 30-day unplanned readmission after major oncologic surgery.

Association between dynapenic abdominal obesity and arthritis among the middle-aged and older Chinese: a longitudinal study.

This study aimed to assess the longitudinal association between dynapenic abdominal obesity and new-onset arthritis among the middle-aged and older Chinese population. We included 6863 participants from the 2011 and 2015 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Dynapenia was defined as handgrip strength < 28kg for males, and < 18kg for females. Abdominal obesity was defined as a waist circumference ≥ 90cm for males and ≥ 85cm for females. Based on the definitions, all participants were divided into four groups: no dynapenia and no abdominal obesity (ND/NAO), abdominal obesity alone (ND/AO), dynapenia alone (D/NAO), and dynapenia and abdominal obesity (D/AO). The association between dynapenic abdominal obesity and new-onset arthritis was assessed by sex using the Poisson regression models. After a four-year follow-up, 1272 (18.53%) participants reported new-onset arthritis. Those in the D/AO group had a significantly increased risk of new-onset arthritis compared to those in the ND/NAO group (adjusted relative risk (RR): 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.77). In females, the ND/AO (RR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.03-1.43) and D/AO (RR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.01-1.93) groups were associated with a higher risk of arthritis. This significant association was not observed in males. Our results indicated that the combined effect of dynapenia and abdominal obesity significantly increased the risk of new-onset arthritis in females, but this association was not observed in males.

6926 Subgroup Analysis by Gender and Body Mass Index (BMI) in People Living With Overweight/Obesity in the Survodutide, a Glucagon/GLP-1 Receptor Dual Agonist, Phase II Trial

Abstract Disclosure: C.W. Le Roux: Consulting Fee; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, GI Dynamics, Herbalife, Johnson &amp; Johnson, Eli Lilly, Keyron. O. Steen: Consulting Fee; Self; Eli Lilly &amp; Company, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi. Grant Recipient; Self; Alnylam, Anji, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly &amp; Company, Janssen, Genzyme Corporation, Medacorp, Novo Nordisk, Medicago, Moderna, Novavax, Pfizer, Sanofi, Zucara Therapeutics, Gilead, ViaCyte, CRISPR Therapeutics, Kowa. Speaker; Self; Amgen Inc, AstraZeneca, Bausch Health, Janssen, LMC, Novo Nordisk. K.J. Lucas: None. E. Startseva: Employee; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim. A. Unseld: Employee; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim. A.M. Hennige: Employee; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim. Aim: To explore the effect of gender and BMI on weight loss and adverse events with survodutide in people living with overweight/obesity. Methods: In this double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled Phase II trial (NCT04667377), 387 adults with BMI ≥27 kg/m2 without diabetes were randomized 1:1:1:1:1 to weekly subcutaneous survodutide (0.6, 2.4, 3.6, 4.8 mg) or PBO over 46 weeks. Percentage change in body weight (primary endpoint), absolute change in body weight and waist circumference (secondary endpoints), and adverse events (AEs) were assessed in subgroups based on gender and BMI at baseline (BL). Data were analyzed descriptively for all participants who received ≥1 dose of study drug and had data for ≥1 efficacy endpoint (full analysis set [FAS]; planned treatment: n=384). Results: Of 384 participants, 68.2% (262) were female. At BL, 9.9% (38), 30.5% (117), 31.8% (122), and 27.9% (107) had a BMI of &amp;lt;30, 30-&amp;lt;35, 35-&amp;lt;40, and ≥40 kg/m2, respectively. Demographics and clinical characteristics at BL were similar between males and females and across BMI subgroups. At Week 46, mean percentage change in body weight from BL with survodutide 4.8 mg vs PBO was -11.9% vs -3.3% in males and -17.0% vs -3.2% in females, and -19.1% vs -1.7%, -15.8% vs -3.1%, -15.4% vs -5.8%, and -13.4% vs -0.8% across BL BMI categories. Mean absolute body weight loss from BL (survodutide 4.8 mg vs PBO) was -15.9 vs -4.2 kg in males and -22.0 vs -3.0 kg in females. Reductions in absolute body weight with survodutide 4.8 mg vs PBO were similar across BMI subgroups: -21.3 vs 1.4 kg, -16.2 vs -3.3 kg, -22.2 vs -7.5 kg, and -19.9 vs -1.6 kg. Mean absolute change in waist circumference from BL (survodutide 4.8 mg vs PBO) was -12.8 vs -1.7 cm in males and -17.9 vs -4.9 cm in females, and -8.4 vs -2.6 cm, -14.3 vs -6.4 cm, -17.5 vs -5.0 cm, and -17.2 vs 3.3 cm across BL BMI categories. A higher proportion of participants lost ≥15% of BL body weight with survodutide 4.8 mg vs PBO: 31.8% vs 9.5% in males and 66.7% vs 3.0% in females, and 75.0% vs 14.3%, 57.9% vs 4.5%, 52.0% vs 6.7%, and 50.0% vs 0.0% across BL BMI categories; respectively. All survodutide doses (pooled) were tolerated as expected across gender and BL BMI subgroups. In males vs females, respectively, rates of any AE (87.9% vs 92.4%), serious AEs (4.0% vs 4.3%), and discontinuations due to AEs (25.3% and 24.3%) were comparable. Gastrointestinal (GI) AEs with all survodutide doses were experienced by fewer males (65.7%) than females (79.5%); mild to moderate nausea was the most frequently reported GI AE in both subgroups. Conclusion: After 46 weeks of survodutide treatment, females appeared to lose more body weight and waist circumference than males. Participants with a lower vs higher BL BMI generally lost more proportional body weight, with an opposite trend observed for waist circumference. Presentation: 6/2/2024

Predictors Of Handgrip Strength And Its Relationship To Physical Performance In Older Irish Adults

Abstract Background Handgrip strength declines with age and predicts poor physical performance and increased risk of falls and mortality. However, the strength of the relationship between handgrip strength and other physical measures is less well studied. We aimed to explore the predictors of handgrip strength in older Irish adults and its relationship to the Timed and Up and Go (TUG). Methods Study participants were from a longitudinal cohort of Irish adults aged &amp;gt;60 years; Trinity Ulster University Department of Agriculture (TUDA) study. Participants on current or long-term steroids, a history of stroke and with MMSE &amp;lt;24 were excluded. Handgrip strength was assessed with a dynamometer and defined as &amp;lt;27 kg for males and &amp;lt;16 kg for females. Abnormal performance in the TUG was defined as &amp;gt;12 seconds. Predictors of impaired handgrip were explored in multivariate logistic regression. Results There were 748 participants (68.9% female, mean age 70.2 years), of whom 33.4% had abnormal handgrip strength, which was more common in female’s vs males (39.4 vs 20.2%, p&amp;lt;0.001). Both abnormal handgrip strength and TUG was present in 13.6%. Normal handgrip strength had a negative predictive value of 76.0% for ruling out poor TUG, while abnormal handgrip had a positive predictive value of 62% for poor TUG. Predictors of impaired handgrip strength were older age (P&amp;lt;0.0001), female sex (p&amp;lt;0.0001), lower protein intake (P=0.024) and higher waist hip ratio (p=0.014). Conclusion Handgrip strength had a modest correlation with TUG A significant proportion had abnormal TUG but normal handgrip. Changes in lower limb muscle strength (affecting TUG) precede muscle loss in the upper limb. Higher protein intake predicted greater grip strength and supports the recommendation to maintain adequate intakes to prevent sarcopenia. Greater waist hip ratio is associated with reduced lean muscle mass which may explain the negative relationship we identified with handgrip strength.

A study of neonatal morbidity and mortality patterns in very low birth weight neonates admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit at Al-Ameen Medical College and Hospital, Vijayapura

Background: Meticulous documentation of morbidity and mortality is essential for elucidating health patterns. The perinatal and neonatal periods, though brief, are pivotal in revealing the health and socio-biological conditions of vulnerable populations. This study seeks to analyze complex morbidity and mortality trends among neonates in a tertiary NICU. Methods: All VLBW neonates admitted to our NICU from April 2023 to March 2024 were analyzed. We gathered comprehensive maternal data, including age, socioeconomic status, and health risk factors. Excluding congenital anomalies, the study assessed demographic profiles, short-term morbidity, and outcomes. Results: In our NICU, 280 very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates were admitted, with 155 males (55.3%) and 125 females (44.7%). The mean birth weight was 1.240±0.110 kg for males and 1.270±0.105 kg for females. Among these, 170 (60.7%) were small for gestational age (SGA), 60 (21.4%) appropriate for gestational age (AGA), and 50 (17.9%) intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR). The gestational age distribution was: less than 28 weeks, 17 (6%); 28-32 weeks, 155 (55.3%); 32-34 weeks, 47 (16.9%); and 34-36 weeks, 61 (21.8%). Of the 280 neonates, 208 (74.2%) survived, while 72 (25.8%) did not. The leading causes of mortality were sepsis, with 39 deaths (54.2%), and respiratory distress syndrome, with 27 deaths (37.6%). Conclusions: Birth asphyxia, prematurity, jaundice, neonatal sepsis, and respiratory issues significantly contribute to neonatal mortality and morbidity. To mitigate these, it is vital to enhance prenatal care, ensure skilled birth attendance, expand NICU facilities, implement routine screenings, enforce stringent infection control and educate parents.

Handgrip strength as a prognostic factor for COVID-19 mortality among older adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU): a comparison Alpha (B.1.1.7) and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants

Handgrip strength (HGS) is a non-invasive and reliable biomarker of overall health, physical function, mobility, and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the possible relationship between HGS and mortality in older adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU) by Alpha (B.1.1.7) and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants. This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 472 COVID-19 patients (222 female and 250 male) aged 60–85 years admitted to the ICU. Demographic data, underlying comorbidities, COVID-19-related symptoms, as well as laboratory and computed tomography (CT) findings were obtained from the patient’s medical records. Using a JAMAR® hydraulic dynamometer, the average grip strength value (kg) after three measurements on the dominant side was recorded for subsequent analysis. Low grip strength (LGS) was defined as an arbitrary cut-off of two standard deviations below the gender-specific peak mean value of normative HGS in Iranian healthy population, i.e. < 26 kg in males and < 14 kg in females. The findings showed lower mean grip strength and high frequency of LGS in the non-survivors patients versus survivors group and in the Delta (B.1.617.2) variant vs. Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant, respectively (both p < 0.01). The binary logistic regression analysis showed that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 5.125, 95% CI 1.425–25.330), LGS (OR 4.805, 95% CI 1.624–10.776), SaO2 (OR − 3.501, 95% CI 2.452–1.268), C-reactive protein (CRP) level (OR 2.625, 95% CI 1.256–7.356), and age (OR 1.118, 95% CI 1.045–1.092) were found to be independent predictors for mortality of patients with Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant (all p < 0.05). However, only four independent predictors including COPD (OR 6.728, 95% CI 1.683–28.635), LGS (OR 5.405, 95% CI 1.461–11.768), SaO2 (OR − 4.120, 95% CI 2.924–1.428), and CRP level (OR 1.893, 95% CI 1.127–8.692) can be predicted the mortality of patients with Delta (B.1.617.2) variant (p < 0.05). Along with the well-known and common risk factors (i.e. COPD, CRP, and SaO2), handgrip strength can be a quick and low-cost prognostic tool in predicting chances of mortality in older adults who are afflicted with COVID-19 variants.

The phase angle before transplantation can predict the status of low muscle mass after kidney transplantation.

This study aimed to evaluate the association between phase angle, muscle strength, and muscle mass in patients undergoing kidney transplantation. Patients whose pre- and follow-up phase angles were measured after kidney transplantation were enrolled. Phase angle and body composition were measured using a multi-frequency bioimpedance analysis device before and at 7 and 14days and 3, 6, and 12months after transplantation. Muscle strength was evaluated using handgrip strength (HGS). Low HGS was defined as < 28kg in males and < 18kg in females. Low muscle mass was defined as an appendicular lean mass index of < 7.0kg/m2 in males and < 5.7kg/m2 in females. Eighty-eight patients (mean age 52.3 ± 10.1years) were analyzed. The mean phase angle of pre-transplantation was 5.0 ± 1.0°. Body fat percentage was significantly higher at 6 and 12months after transplantation than pre-transplantation (P < 0.0001). Twelve months after kidney transplantation, the prevalence of low HGS decreased (pre-transplantation vs. 12months post-transplantation: 28.4% vs. 17.0%), and the prevalence of low muscle mass (pre-transplantation vs. 12months post-transplantation: 21.6% vs. 28.4%) increased. The pre-transplantation phase angle was significantly associated with low muscle mass at 12months after kidney transplantation (odds ratio [OR]: 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.16-0.72; P = 0.005). The pre-transplantation phase angle was not significantly associated with low HGS (OR: 0.37; 95% CI 0.12-1.17; P = 0.090) 12months after kidney transplantation. Pre-transplantation phase angle can predict muscle mass status 12months after kidney transplantation.

Handgrip Strength and Low Muscle Strength Rate in Chinese Adults - China, 2020.

Handgrip strength (HS) serves as a diagnostic marker for low muscle strength rate (LMSR) and reflects the level of skeletal muscle. Over the past two decades, global data indicate a downward trend in HS across various countries. According to the latest national data, the mean HS among Chinese adults aged 20 years and older was recorded at 40.4 kg for males and 25.1 kg for females in 2020. A decline in HS was observed with increasing age, particularly among women. Additionally, lower HS values were reported in rural areas, whereas LMSR was more prevalent in these regions. The analysis of HS and LMSR among Chinese adults is essential for the development and implementation of targeted interventions aimed at improving HS prevalence rates. This analysis is highly significant for public health, contributing to increased public awareness of LMSR and the promotion of preventative measures.

Genotypic and phenotypic characterisation of three local chicken ecotypes of Ghana based on principal component analysis and body measurements.

This study aimed to characterise three Ghanaian local chicken ecotypes, namely, Interior Savannah, Forest, and Coastal Savannah, based on morphological data and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes. Morphological data including body weight, shank length, body girth, back length, thigh length, beak length, comb length, and wattle length were collected from 250 local chickens. DNA isolated from blood of 1,440 local chickens was used for SNP genotyping with the Affymetrix chicken 600k SNP chip. Principal component analysis showed that Forest and Coastal Savannah birds were closely related. Generally, all three ecotypes exhibited high genetic diversity, especially birds from the Interior Savannah zone. Morphological characterisation showed that ecotype (p = 0.016) and sex (p = 0.000) had significant effects on body weight. Birds of the Interior Savannah ecotype were the heaviest (p = 0.004), with mean weights of 1.23 kg for females and 1.40 kg for males. Sex also had a strong significant effect on most of the morphological measurements, but the sex * ecotype interaction effect was not significant. Very few of the feather phenotypes previously reported to be associated with heat resistance-frizzle (2%) and naked neck (1.6%)-were found in the studied populations. It is concluded that the three local ecotypes are genetically diverse but with similar morphological features and the information provided would be useful for future selection decisions.

The relationship between low and asymmetric handgrip strength and low muscle mass: results of a cross-sectional study on health and aging trends in western China

ObjectiveThe aim was to determine the relationship between low handgrip strength (HGS) only, asymmetric HGS only, and low HGS combined with asymmetric HGS and low muscle mass in the West China Health and Aging Trends Study (WCHAT) data.Study designIndividuals aged at least 50 years old were included in this cross-sectional study using WCHAT data. Demographic characteristics, such as age, marital status, education level, ethnicity, and drinking and smoking history, as well as chronic diseases, were recorded for all participants. The HGS of both hands was tested three times using a grip dynanometer with the participant in a standing position with arms extended, before recording the maximum value for both hands. The maximum value referred to values < 28 kg and < 18 kg for males and females, respectively. HGS ratios (non-dominant HGS/dominant HGS) of < 0.90 or > 1.10 suggest asymmetric HGS. The subjects were then allocated to the low HGS, asymmetrical HGS, and combined low and asymmetrical HGS (BOTH group) groups, and those with neither low nor asymmetric HGS (the normal group). The InBody 770 instrument was used for the analysis of muscle mass, with low muscle mass defined as a skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) of < 7.0 kg/m2 or < 5.7 kg/m2 for males and females, respectively. The associations between the different HGS groups and low muscle mass were assessed by logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe study included 1748 subjects, of whom 1272 (72.77%) were over the age of 60 years. The numbers of Han, Tibetan, and Qiang were 885 (50.63%), 217 (12.41%), and 579 (33.12%), respectively. A total of 465 individuals (26.60%) were classified as having low muscle mass, while 228 (13.04%), 536 (30.66%), and 125 (7.15%) participants were allocated to the low HGS, asymmetric HGS, and BOTH groups, respectively. The average SMI differed significantly between the normal group and the other groups (normal group vs. asymmetric HGS group vs. low HGS group vs. BOTH group: 6.627 kg/m2 vs. 6.633 kg/m2 vs. 6.492 kg/m2 vs. 5.995 kg/m2, respectively, P < 0.05). In addition, the prevalence of low muscle mass in the normal, asymmetric HGS, low HGS, and BOTH groups increased sequentially, with significant differences (normal group vs. asymmetric HGS group vs. low HGS group vs. BOTH group: 21.5% vs. 22.4% vs. 39.5% vs. 56%, respectively, P = 0.001). Further logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of low HGS (OR = 1.7, 95%CI: 1.203–2.402) and both low and asymmetric HGS (OR = 3.378, 95%CI: 2.173–5.252) were predictive of low muscle mass, with the chance being higher for the latter condition.ConclusionThe findings suggest that although asymmetrical HGS itself does not increase the chances of low muscle mass. When low HGS and a combination of both features (low HGS combined with asymmetric HGS) is present in subjects, the chance of low muscle mass increases.

Raising double-muscled breed cattle and their crossbreds in the tropics: insight from growth models.

In tropical conditions, modeling the predictive parameters of live weight, including those at birth, pre-weaning, post-weaning, finishing, and maturing, and the average daily gain, is challenging. The heat load significantly influences the growth rate and final mature weights in the tropics. The study compared the growth rates of Kedah-Kelantan (KK), Brahman (BRAH), and Belgian Blue (BB) crossbred calves. The study conducted growth analysis using the non-linear regression growth models as it approximates the sex, breed, and growth physiology changes in beef cattle. It is supported by the utility of the most common growth functions (Brody, Logistic, von Bertalanffy, and Richard's model) in normal-muscled tropical breeds and double-muscled crossbred beef cattle in the tropics. The BB crossbreds outperformed the KK and BRAH breeds by 50%-100% in live weight gains under tropical conditions. The crossbreds display the double-muscled effect and highlight the advantages of heterosis, making them suitable for upgrading local herds. The study's findings on the growth characteristics of BB crossbred cattle were best described by the von Bertalanffy growth model, which had a high coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.8) and yielded estimated mature weights of 527.5 kg for males and 518.5 kg for females. According to results, raising BB crossbreds in the tropics as a solution to ensure a sustainable beef supply could yield significant growth and economic benefits.

Performance evaluation of Indigenous and Garole crossbred sheep (F1) under semi-intensive management system

A crossbreeding program was sought to enhance the genetic attributes of coastal sheep by mating them with Garole rams. The breeding program involved a combination of two male Garole with a group of twenty indigenous ewes. These sheep were permitted to mate naturally, without external intervention. Data collection focused on key metrics like birth weight (kg lamb-1), litter size, sex of lambs, instances of dystocia, weaning weight (kg lamb-1), weaning age (days), body weight (kg), age at puberty (days), and mortality rates (%). Crossbred male lambs had an average birth weight of 1.48±0.12 kg, while female lambs averaged 1.57±0.10 kg. Male to female ratio among crossbred lambs was 54.1% to 45.9%. As for weaning, males and females averaged 151.92±2.24 days and 144.00±4.20 days, respectively, with respective weaning weights of 7.98±0.85 kg for males and 8.31±0.90 kg for females. Between 30 and 60 days, male and female lambs gained at 50.16±5.94 g day-1 and 51.44±7.82 g day-1, respectively. Between 331 and 360 days, growth rates were 15.33±3.84 g day-1 and 22.33±6.00 g day-1 for males and females respectively. Dystocia, or difficult births, occurred in 75% of cases. There was no mortality for male lambs, but female lambs experienced a 20% mortality rate. Crossbreeding has emerged as a viable strategy for increasing meat production due to enhanced growth rates and their adaptability to certain environments. It can be concluded that crossbreeding of indigenous coastal sheep with Garole ram can be carried out to increase body weight and ADG. Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 53 (2): 55-67, 2024

Association of handgrip strength asymmetry and weakness with cognitive function: a nationally representative cohort study

ObjectiveTo describe the association of handgrip strength asymmetry and weakness with cognitive function among Chinese middle-aged and older adults. Study designWe used data from four waves (2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Handgrip strength was measured at baseline. Handgrip strength asymmetry was defined on the basis of the ratio of handgrip strength of the non-dominant hand to that of the dominant hand (i.e. non-dominant/dominant): a ratio of <0.9 defined as dominant handgrip strength asymmetry and >1.1 as non-dominant handgrip strength asymmetry. Weakness was defined as a handgrip strength of <28 kg for males or <18 kg for females. Main outcome measuresCognitive function with its two core dimensions (episodic memory and mental status) at each wave was assessed and standardized. Results9333 participants (48.3 % female, age 58.2 ± 9.0 years) were included. Non-dominant but not dominant handgrip strength asymmetry was significantly associated with poorer cognitive function at baseline (β = −0.121, −0.092, and −0.132 for mental status, episodic memory, and global cognition, respectively). In longitudinal analyses over 2 years, dominant handgrip strength asymmetry significantly slowed cognitive decline (β = −0.078 and −0.069 for mental status and global cognition, respectively), and non-dominant handgrip strength asymmetry accelerated cognitive decline (β = 0.053 and 0.043 for episodic memory and global cognition, respectively). Weakness was associated with poorer cognitive function at baseline and cognitive decline over 2, 4, and 7 years (all P < 0.05). ConclusionsIn middle-aged and older adults, non-dominant handgrip strength asymmetry and weakness were associated with poorer cognitive function and predicted accelerated cognitive decline. Dominant handgrip strength asymmetry may be beneficial for maintaining cognitive function.

The influence of sarcopenia and myosteatosis on severe laboratory toxicity and overall mortality in older adults with cancer receiving chemotherapy.

12131 Background: Older adults with cancer often present with suboptimal muscle quantity and quality prior to treatment due to disease-related catabolic effects combined with the aging process. Muscle catabolism is further exacerbated by cancer treatments leading to worse metabolic health, patient quality of life, and clinical outcomes. Our objective was to examine the impact of sarcopenia and myosteatosis on severe laboratory toxicity and overall mortality in older adults with cancer receiving chemotherapy. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of older adults who had undergone chemotherapy at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada from June 2015 to June 2022. A computed tomography scan after diagnosis but prior to treatment was used to assess skeletal muscle index (SMI) and skeletal muscle density (SMD) for each participant. Sarcopenia was defined as the presence of low muscle strength (grip strength &lt;35.5kg for males and &lt;20kg for females), low SMI, and low physical performance (walking speed &lt;0.8m/s or a total Short Physical Performance Battery score of ≤8) prior to chemotherapy initiation. Myosteatosis was assessed through SMD in Hounsfield Units using previously published cut-offs. Severe laboratory toxicity was defined as occurrence of a grade ≥3 adverse event per the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4.0). Severe laboratory toxicity and overall mortality were assessed from treatment initiation until treatment termination or loss to follow up. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the role of sarcopenia and myosteatosis in predicting occurrence of severe laboratory toxicity. Multivariable Cox regression was used to assess the risk of overall mortality. Results: A total of 115 older adults (mean age: 77.1 y) were included, of whom 63.5% had metastatic disease. Sarcopenia was identified in 27% of the cohort, whereas 80% had myosteatosis. A total of 132 severe laboratory toxicities occurred during the study period in 41 participants (35.7%). Sarcopenia was a significant predictor of severe laboratory toxicity (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=3.19, 95%CI= 1.19 to 8.52, p= 0.012) after adjusting for sex, body mass index, and hemoglobin. Myosteatosis was significantly associated with overall mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR)= 2.51, 95%CI= 1.12-5.61, p=0.025) after adjusting for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, and treatment intent. Conclusions: Sarcopenia may be used to inform the risk of severe laboratory toxicity in older adults prior to chemotherapy. Pre-treatment myosteatosis defined by low SMD predicts overall mortality in the same cohort. Optimization of skeletal muscle health through targeted exercise and nutritional interventions may improve patient quality of life and clinical outcomes in older adults with cancer receiving chemotherapy.

#2025 Associations of obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity with chronic kidney disease development in the elderly population

Abstract Background and Aims Previous studies indicate that sarcopenia and obesity increase the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in middle-aged populations. Despite noting reverse epidemiology for cardiovascular disease in the elderly, the relationship between sarcopenic obesity and CKD incidence in older populations is insufficiently explored. This study aims to assess whether obesity modifies the association between sarcopenia and CKD development in elderly adults with preserved kidney function. Method Elderly individuals aged over 65 with preserved kidney function among UK Biobank participants were examined. Participants with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) &amp;lt;60 ml/min/1.73 m² or albuminuria were excluded. The individuals were categorized based on the presence of sarcopenia and obesity, with sarcopenia defined as hand grip strength &amp;lt;27 kg in males and &amp;lt;16 kg in females. Obesity was defined as having a BMI of 30 kg/m² or higher, and sarcopenic obesity was identified in those with concomitant obesity and sarcopenia. The development of CKD was determined using ICD-10 codes in claim and death register records. Results A total of 62,735 individuals were assessed, with a mean age of 66.9 ± 1.5 years and 44.3% being male. Sarcopenia was identified in 8,648 individuals (13.8%), while obesity was present in 13,075 individuals (20.8%), resulting in a 3.29% prevalence of sarcopenic obesity. Over a median follow-up of 13.3 years (770,179 person-years), 5,567 participants (8.9%) developed CKD. A significant interaction between sarcopenia and obesity was observed for CKD development (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Incident CKD rates were 7.8% in non-obese without sarcopenia, 9.5% in obese without sarcopenia, 11.7% in non-obese with sarcopenia, and 14.7% in obese with sarcopenia. Compared to the non-obese without sarcopenia group, hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 1.26 (1.16-1.37) in the obese without sarcopenia group, 1.55 (1.45-1.65) in the non-obese with sarcopenia group, and 2.02 (1.80-2.27) in the obese with sarcopenia group. After adjusting for confounding factors, the risk of CKD development in the obese without sarcopenia group was comparable to the non-obese without sarcopenia group (HR, 1.07, 95% CI, 0.99-1.15). However, elevated risk persisted in participants with sarcopenia and was most accentuated in those with sarcopenic obesity (non-obese with sarcopenia; HR, 95% CI, 1.22 [1.11-1.34]; obese with sarcopenia, 1.32 [1.15-1.50]). Conclusion Sarcopenia, not obesity, was significantly associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) development in elderly individuals, with sarcopenic obesity showing the highest risk elevation for incident CKD in this group.

The association between weight-adjusted-waist index and sarcopenia in adults: a population-based study

This study aims to investigate the relationship between weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI), a new body index, and sarcopenia, while also assessing the potential of WWI as a tool for screening sarcopenic patients. The cross-sectional study involved adults who possessed complete data on WWI and appendicular skeletal muscle mass from the 1999–2006 and 2011–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Weighted multivariate regression and logistic regression analyses were employed to explore the independent relationship between WWI and sarcopenia. The study included 26,782 participants. The results showed that WWI demonstrated a positive correlation with sarcopenia risk. In the fully adjusted model, with each 1 unit increase in WWI, the risk of developing sarcopenia rose 14.55 times higher among males (OR: 14.55, 95% CI 12.33, 17.15) and 2.86 times higher among females (OR: 2.86, 95% CI 2.59, 3.15). The optimal cutoff values of WWI for sarcopenia were 11.26 cm/√kg for males and 11.39 cm/√kg for females. Individuals with a higher WWI have an increased risk of developing sarcopenia, and a high WWI functions as a risk factor for sarcopenia. Assessing WWI could assist in identifying individuals at risk of sarcopenia.

Association of low muscle mass with cognitive function and mortality in USA seniors: results from NHANES 1999–2002

BackgroundSarcopenia and cognitive impairment have been linked in prior research, and both are linked to an increased risk of mortality in the general population. Muscle mass is a key factor in the diagnosis of sarcopenia. The relationship between low muscle mass and cognitive function in the aged population, and their combined impact on the risk of death in older adults, is currently unknown. This study aimed to explore the correlation between low muscle mass and cognitive function in the older population, and the relationship between the two and mortality in older people.MethodsData were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2002. A total of 2540 older adults aged 60 and older with body composition measures were included. Specifically, 17–21 years of follow-up were conducted on every participant. Low muscle mass was defined using the Foundation for the National Institute of Health and the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia definitions: appendicular lean mass (ALM) (< 19.75 kg for males; <15.02 kg for females); or ALM divided by body mass index (BMI) (ALM: BMI, < 0.789 for males; <0.512 for females); or appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) (< 7.0 kg/m2 for males; <5.4 kg/m2 for females). Cognitive functioning was assessed by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). The follow-up period was calculated from the NHANES interview date to the date of death or censoring (December 31, 2019).ResultsWe identified 2540 subjects. The mean age was 70.43 years (43.3% male). Age-related declines in DSST scores were observed. People with low muscle mass showed lower DSST scores than people with normal muscle mass across all age groups, especially in the group with low muscle mass characterized by ALM: BMI (60–69 years: p < 0.001; 70–79 years: p < 0.001; 80 + years: p = 0.009). Low muscle mass was significantly associated with lower DSST scores after adjusting for covariates (ALM: 43.56 ± 18.36 vs. 47.56 ± 17.44, p < 0.001; ALM: BMI: 39.88 ± 17.51 vs. 47.70 ± 17.51, p < 0.001; ASMI: 41.07 ± 17.89 vs. 47.42 ± 17.55, p < 0.001). At a mean long-term follow-up of 157.8 months, those with low muscle mass were associated with higher all-cause mortality (ALM: OR 1.460, 95% CI 1.456–1.463; ALM: BMI: OR 1.452, 95% CI 1.448–1.457); ASMI: OR 3.075, 95% CI 3.063–3.088). In the ALM: BMI and ASMI-defined low muscle mass groups, participants with low muscle mass and lower DSST scores were more likely to incur all-cause mortality ( ALM: BMI: OR 0.972, 95% CI 0.972–0.972; ASMI: OR 0.957, 95% CI 0.956–0.957).ConclusionsLow muscle mass and cognitive function impairment are significantly correlated in the older population. Additionally, low muscle mass and low DSST score, alone or in combination, could be risk factors for mortality in older adults.

Association between wrist-worn free-living accelerometry and hand grip strength in middle-aged and older adults

IntroductionWrist-worn activity monitors have seen widespread adoption in recent times, particularly in young and sport-oriented cohorts, while their usage among older adults has remained relatively low. The main limitations are in regards to the lack of medical insights that current mainstream activity trackers can provide to older subjects. One of the most important research areas under investigation currently is the possibility of extrapolating clinical information from these wearable devices.MethodsThe research question of this study is understanding whether accelerometry data collected for 7-days in free-living environments using a consumer-based wristband device, in conjunction with data-driven machine learning algorithms, is able to predict hand grip strength and possible conditions categorized by hand grip strength in a general population consisting of middle-aged and older adults.ResultsThe results of the regression analysis reveal that the performance of the developed models is notably superior to a simple mean-predicting dummy regressor. While the improvement in absolute terms may appear modest, the mean absolute error (6.32 kg for males and 4.53 kg for females) falls within the range considered sufficiently accurate for grip strength estimation. The classification models, instead, excel in categorizing individuals as frail/pre-frail, or healthy, depending on the T-score levels applied for frailty/pre-frailty definition. While cut-off values for frailty vary, the results suggest that the models can moderately detect characteristics associated with frailty (AUC-ROC: 0.70 for males, and 0.76 for females) and viably detect characteristics associated with frailty/pre-frailty (AUC-ROC: 0.86 for males, and 0.87 for females).Conclusions The results of this study can enable the adoption of wearable devices as an efficient tool for clinical assessment in older adults with multimorbidities, improving and advancing integrated care, diagnosis and early screening of a number of widespread diseases.