Kg Of Feed Research Articles

Effect of Plant-Based Whole Milk Substitute on Calves' Growth Rate

One of the tasks of animal husbandry is the development of methods for rearing young animals to obtain healthy calves with specified indicators of productivity and early insemination. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of a plant based whole milk substitute on the growth rate of calves. For the study, three groups of calves of eight heads each were formed according to the principle of analog pairs. The control group was fed with milk according to the scheme adopted on the farm, while the calves of the first and second experimental groups were given a plant based whole milk substitute. 10 mL of vegetable oil per head was added to the whole milk substitute for the first experimental group of calves and they were accustomed to starter compound feed. The average live weight of calves in groups at birth was within 38 kg. At 3 months of age, the weight of the calves of the control group exceeded the weight of the second experimental group by 2.5 kg but was less than the weight of the calves of the first experimental group by 8.3 kg. At the age of 6 months, the weight of calves of the first experimental group was 175.63 kg, which was more than in the control group by 5.13 kg and exceeded the second experimental group by 8.5 kg. With the beginning of receiving a plant based whole milk substitute, the calves' interest in compound feed increased; by the 20th day, calves could eat up to 0.6-0.7 kg of the feed per day, bringing the increase in eating to the 45th day up to 3 kg of compound feed.

Effect of the Manufactured Bacterial Preparation on Some Cellular and Biochemical Blood Characteristics of Laying Hens

This experiment was conducted in the field of laying hens affiliated with the Department of Animal Production at the College of Agriculture at Basrah University during the period from 27/12/2021 to 21/2/2021. It was applied to 90 experimental units (a 45-week-old laying hens) of Lohmann Extra, randomly allocated to five treatments. Each treatment has three replicates, with six chickens per replicate. The treatments included: - T1: Negative control treatment (basal diet without Addition) T2: Positive control treatment, the addition of dried skim milk at a level of 1 g / kg of feed. T3, T4, T5: add the manufactured bacterial preparation at a level of (0.5, 1, and 2( g/kg feed, respectively. To study the effect of manufactured bacterial preparation on some cellular and biochemical blood characteristics of laying hens. There was a significant (P≤0.05) improvement in cellular blood parameters, packed cell volume (PCV) and biochemical parameters of blood serum (cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin) in laying hens, and there were no significant differences in the ratio of heterophile cells to lymphocytes(H/L), glucose, and liver enzymes Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT).

Factors Influencing Household Food Security among Smallholder Farmers: The Case of the Jordan Valley

Food security is a main challenge for the countries of the world, especially the developing countries. Hence, the aim of this paper is to determine factors that are associated with food security in the Jordan valley. This study utilizes the household questionnaire survey dataset of 211 smallholder farmers in 2020. To measure food security, the study employs two food security indicators, namely the Household dietary diversity score (HDDS) and Household food insecurity access score (HFIAS). Two Multiple Regression Models are estimated with the dependent variables (HDDS) and (HFIAS). Both the (HDDS) and (HFIAS)models findings reveal that the education level of household head, the marital status of household head, the farming experience of household head, farm size, off- farm income, and access to credit influences the household food security. Therefore, the study recommends that government establish and promotion of small-scale agro-based industries, providing the training services and retraining of farmers, and farmer education, as well as expanding the agricultural unit distribution program.

The Effectiveness of Dietary Fucoidan Compared to the Combination of Fucoidan with Turmeric on the Growth of African Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus)

To meet the needs of fish consumption for the community, African catfish are cultivated intensively. African catfish cultivation is carried out intensively with high stocking density, but some disadvantages inhibit growth. To support growth, it is done by giving a combination of fucoidan supplements with turmeric. Fucoidan and turmeric are known to increase fish growth, but there are no reports of using a combination of fucoidan and turmeric given in feed to increase fish growth. Therefore, this study wants to determine the effect of fucoidan supplementation with turmeric on the growth of African catfish. The method used was a completely randomized design with treatment B: (400 mg fucoidan + 1350 mg turmeric extract) kg-1 feed, C: (800 mg fucoidan + 1200 mg turmeric extract) kg-1 feed, D: (1200 mg fucoidan + 1050 mg of turmeric extract) kg-1 of feed and control (A), each with 4 replications. The parameters observed were weight and length gain, survival growth rate (SGR), feed conversion rate (FCR), and feed efficiency (FE). Data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the 95% confidence level and continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the combination of fucoidan supplementation with turmeric significantly increased (p <0.05) weight and length growth, SGR, FCR, and FE. The addition of fucoidan supplements with turmeric can be used to cultivate African catfish with an optimal dose (1200 mg fucoidan + 1050 mg turmeric extract) kg-1 feed.

Dose Optimization of 17 α-Methyltestosterone to Maximize Sex Reversal of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus)

The study investigated the optimum dose of 17 α-methyltestosterone (17α–MT) for maximum sex reversal and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Using a completely randomized design, three treatments (Control, T-1, T-2, and T-3) in triplicates were set up. The control group diet was devoid of 17α–MT. The remaining three groups, T-1, T-2, and T-3, were fed feed that contained 30, 60, and 100 mg kg-1 of 17α–MT, respectively. Fry of three days old were stocked at a rate of 100 per tank. They were fed with experimental diet for 28 days. After the hormone treatment and 90 days of rearing the highest survival rate was found in the control group. Gonadal squashing of O. niloticus showed different sex ratios for different treatments. The control group showed a normal sex ratio of 48.33% males and 51.67% females. The experimental group T-3 showed the highest percentage of males (98.33%) followed by T-2 (93.33%) and T-1 (76.66%). After 90 days of rearing, although the study found the highest mean length (82.12±1.5 mm), weight (26.74±0.08 g) and SGR (9.17±0.05%) in the treatment T2, these growth performance parameters did not differ significantly with the result of treatment T3. The Nile tilapia's sex ratio has been found to be more affected by a higher dose, or 100 mg 17α–MT kg-1 of feed. With the increase of hormone inclusion level, sex reversal percentage increases. Higher doses of 17α–MT have also a positive impact on Nile tilapia growth performance. Growth increases with the increasing 17α–MT level up to 60 mg in the diet of O. niloticus. Based on the study, the recommended dose for producing maximum mono-sex male tilapia in commercial hatcheries may be 100 mg 17α–MT kg-1 feed.
 Vol. 9, No. 3, December 2022: 377-384

Состояние кишечника цыплят-бройлеров при включении в рацион фитобиотической добавки

Abstract. The purpose of the study was to assess the state of the intestinal tract in broiler chickens when a phytobiotic preparation is included in the diet. Methods. The studies were carried out as part of a scientific and economic experiment on broilers of the Ross-308 cross, formed into the control and experimental groups (n = 44). The experimental bird, in addition to the main diet, from the 5th day of life received a phytobiotic supplement in the amount of 0.15 g per 1 kg of feed. During the experiment, the following were evaluated: the mass and length of the intestines of chickens; the microflora of the blind processes according to the results of microbiological seeding on the necessary selective nutrient media; morphological and histological changes in the duodenum and caecum. Results. A tendency was revealed to increase the length of the intestine in broiler chickens of the experimental group: at the age of 29 days it was longer than that of chickens in the control group by 3.8 %, at 37 days – by 2.2 %. The inclusion of the phytobiotic in the diet of broilers did not affect the state of the normoflora of the caecum of birds, but had a significant effect on reducing the number of potentially pathogenic representatives of the microbiota – Staphylococcus Saprophyticus and Trichosporon asahii. Morphohistological studies demonstrated moderate inflammation processes in the blind processes in experimental chickens by the end of the technological cycle (37 days) and the presence of activated lymphoid follicles, against the background of a pronounced inflammatory infiltration of this organ in control samples. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time studies have been carried out to study the effect of a new phytobiotic preparation on the development of the intestinal tract of broiler chickens, on the composition of the microflora of the blind processes, the morphological and histological state of the duodenum and caecum. A conclusion was made about the favorable effect of the studied preparation on the structure and functions of the analyzed organs, which in turn is a biological prerequisite for its positive effect on the digestibility and use of feed nutrients, and, consequently, on the main indicators of poultry productivity.

The role of energy-protein supplementation in feeding lactation cow

Presented research aimed at studying the energy-protein supplement’s effect on cows’ milk productivity. The authors conducted a scientific and economic experiment in 2021 based on the branch of the Siberian Research Institute of Fodder of Siberian Federal Research Center of Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences Komsomolskoye livestock breeding farm of Pavlovsky district of Altai region. The study was conducted on four groups of cows of the Ob river region type of Black-and-White breed. Lactation cows of the control group were given a basic ration with the addition of 1 kg of feed concentrate. In the primary allocation, the authors added an energy protein supplement to the main diet for experimental groups at 500 to 1000 g/head—per day. It included vegetable feed (distiller’s grain, oil cake and soybean meal, corn gluten, sunflower meal, lupine), animal meal (blood and poultry meat), yeast culture Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Y1242), synthetic methionine and lysine, organic chromium and unique flavor and aroma additives. The mechanism of action of the additive is aimed at increasing the intensity of digestion, optimizing protein and fat metabolism in the body, and ensuring the growth of the rumen microflora. The main qualitative parameters of the new energy-protein supplement: are crude protein - 60%, exchange interaction energy - 11.5 MJ, lysine - 1.8%, methionine - 0.3, calcium - 2.0, and phosphorus - 1.0%. Furthermore, feeding energy-protein feed supplements in diets positively affected the average daily milk yield of cows during the experiment period. Thus, the average daily milk yield in the experimental groups increased by 3.4-9.2 kg compared to the control group of animals. Therefore, according to the experiment results, it was found that the most optimal dose of energy-protein supplement should be considered 750 g/cow per day, which contributes to an increase in milk productivity throughout the experiment by 10.1% (P≤0.05).

Alternative Strategy to Improve the Conservation of Javan Deer in Pangandaran Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia

The habitat of Javan deer in Pangandaran Nature Reserve (PNR) faced natural changes, particularly due to the succession process of vegetation community in grazing areas, and inadequate infrastructures that affected the deer to roam outside PNR. This study aimed to formulate strategies for the conservation of Javan deer in PNR, focusing on ecological aspects and conservation management. The methods were encountering Javan deer individuals; scan sampling and continuous recording to observe the behaviour of Javan deer; calculating the productivity of grazing area by defoliation experiment and vegetation analysis; reviewing documents, reports and interviews; and analysing strategy using SWOT-QSPM. Results showed there were 43 Javan deer encountered roaming in PNR and outside the conservation area, and nine individuals gathered in Cikamal grassland. The productivity of the grazing areas (5.61 ha) was 93,826 kg of feed annually and was only sufficient for 23 individuals. The grazing areas were dominated by Cynodon dactylon. Javan deer spent their time feeding. Javan deer herd in Cikamal is more intolerant to humans compared to the herd in Pangandaran Nature Tourist Park (PNTP). This study recommends: considering the management status of Javan deer in the conservation management of PNR and PNTP; improving the conservation management of Javan deer and its habitat; improving facilities and the management system of those facilities and conservation-supporting infrastructures; collaboration with researchers to perform some research and innovations for Javan deer conservation; improving the capability of PNR staff theoretically and practically; and educating and empowering the local people in terms of Javan deer conservation.

Study of the effectiveness of using the antioxidant astaxanthin in the composition of feeds for valuable aquaculture objects

The “Enzymsporin” is one of these preparations, which is a probiotic feed additive for optimizing digestion processes, increasing the productivity and safety of fish. Second year rainbow trout grown in cages at the cooling pond of the Smolensk NPP were used as the objects of study. Specialized domestic feed “Trout growth 44/23” was used as the main diet (MD) for feeding the fish. The main diet with the addition of 0,5 g of “Enzymsporin” per 1 kg of feed was used as an experimental variation. An increase of the body girth index (66,7% versus 61,9% at p < 0,05) in the experimental group of the trout was founded. A tendency to increase the coefficient of fatness and the relative length of the stomach and intestines were noted, but the difference was not significant. The relative weight of fish without chyme (gastric and intestinal contents) in the control (without the use of the preparation) was significantly higher by 2,6% (p < 0,05), that indicates its lower nutritional activity. Significant differences in the content of moisture and minerals in the experimental and control groups won’t founded, but the fat content in the body of fish when using a probiotic was 1,5% higher then in control. Therefore, trout meat in this variant was more nutritious. An improvement in rearing results was achieved in the experimental group, especially the average daily growth gain increased by 6,8%, survival — by 6,7%, standing crop of the fish per unit area in a body water — by 9,2%, with a reduction of feed conversion ratio by 10,2%. The trout meat of the experimental group after heat treatment had a more pleasant taste, juiciness and tender texture. The average score of its overall average degustation evaluation significantly exceeded the control (8,0 versus 7,5 at p < 0,05). An economic effect in the experimental variant of feeding was 98257,5 rubles for the 80 m2 cage.

More Than an Antioxidant: Role of Dietary Astaxanthin on Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in the Liver of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

This study investigated the influence of dietary astaxanthin (AX) on glucose and lipid metabolism in rainbow trout liver. Two iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets were tested for 12 weeks in rainbow trout with an initial mean weight of 309 g. The S-ASTA diet was supplemented with 100 mg of synthetic AX per kg of feed, whereas the control diet (CTRL) had no AX. Fish fed the S-ASTA diet displayed lower neutral and higher polar lipids in the liver, associated with smaller hepatocytes and lower cytoplasm vacuolization. Dietary AX upregulated adipose triglyceride lipase (atgl), hormone-sensitive lipase (hsl2) and 1,2-diacylglycerol choline phosphotransferase (chpt), and downregulated diacylglycerol acyltransferase (dgat2), suggesting the AX's role in triacylglycerol (TAG) turnover and phospholipid (PL) synthesis. Dietary AX may also affect beta-oxidation with the upregulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (cpt1α2). Although hepatic cholesterol levels were not affected, dietary AX increased gene expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (srebp2). Dietary AX upregulated the expression of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6pgdh) and downregulated pyruvate kinase (pkl). Overall, results suggest that dietary AX modulates the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway and the last step of glycolysis, affecting TAG turnover, β-oxidation, PL and cholesterol synthesis in rainbow trout liver.

Dietary supplementation with garcinol during late gestation alleviates disorders of bile acid metabolism and improves the performance of sows and newborn piglets.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary garcinol supplementation during late gestation on bile acid metabolism and performance of sows. Sixty sows (Duroc × Yorkshire × Landrace; second- or third-parity; n = 20) with disorder of bile acid metabolism were randomly divided into three groups: control diet (CON; basal diet), basal diet with 200 mg garcinol (Low Gar), and basal diet with 600 mg garcinol (High Gar) per kg of feed. The body weight (BW); backfat thickness and litter size of the sows; and birth weight, weaning weight, and mortality of piglets were recorded. Sows' blood was collected for the measurements of hematological parameters and antioxidative and immune indexes, and indicators related to bile acid metabolism, respectively. The colostrum and fecal samples of the sows were also collected for analysis of colostrum composition and apparent total tract nutrient digestibility. Garcinol had no effect on the BW and backfat thickness of the sows but significantly decreased the mortality and number of weak litter (P < 0.05). Moreover, the white blood cell counts, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) activity in the plasma of the sows were increased more significantly (P < 0.05) in the garcinol groups than that in the CON group, whereas the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was decreased (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with garcinol significantly reduced TBA concentrations (P < 0.05). The content of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the plasma and in colostrum of sows were increased more significantly (P < 0.05) in the garcinol groups than that in the CON group. In addition, dry matter (DM), Ash, and EE in the colostrum were similar between groups (P > 0.05), whereas the garcinol significantly increased the crude protein (CP) in the colostrum. The apparent total tract nutrient digestibility was similar between treatments. Garcinol treatment induced a gradually decreased (P > 0.05) the expression of genes involved in BA synthesis (CYP7A1, CYP8B1), BA uptake (NTCP, OATP1A2), BA secretion (BSEP and MRP2), BA detoxification (SULT2A1), and BA efflux into the blood circulation (OSTβ). Collectively, this study indicates that sows fed with garcinol in late gestation showed relieved bile acid metabolism disorder and improved sows performance, antioxidative status, colostrum protein content, showing promise in natural plant extract nutrition for sows with disorder of bile acid metabolism.

Dietary embelin supplementation during mid-to-late gestation improves performance and maternal-fetal glucose metabolism of pigs.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary embelin supplementation during late gestation (from days 60 to 110) on performance and maternal-fetal glucose metabolism of pigs. Sixty sows (Duroc × Yorkshire × Landrace; parity = 1.68 ± 0.03; N = 20) were randomly divided into three gestation (day 60 of pregnancy) treatments, Control pigs (CON) were fed a basal diet, and the other animals were fed a basal diet supplemented with 200 or 600 mg/kg embelin per kg of feed. The body weight, backfat thickness and litter size of the sows, and birth weight and mortality of piglets were recorded. Sows' blood and piglets' umbilical cord blood were collected for the measurements of hematological parameters and anti-oxidative and immune indexes, and maternal-fetal glucose metabolism parameters, respectively. The colostrum and milk and fecal samples of the sows were also collected for analysis of milk composition and apparent total tract nutrient digestibility. Dietary embelin had no effect on the BW and backfat thickness of the sows but significantly increased the birth weight of piglets (P < 0.05) and decreased the mortality (P < 0.05). Moreover, the white blood cell counts (day 90), neutrophil count and mean cell hemoglobin (day 110), total anti-oxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) content of the sows were increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the embelin groups than that in the CON group, whereas the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was decreased (P < 0.05). Embelin significantly increased immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) content in plasma of piglets as well as those in colostrum and milk of sows than the CON treatment (P < 0.05). In addition, dry matter, ash, and ether extract in the colostrum were similar between groups (P > 0.05), whereas the embelin significantly increased the crude protein in the milk. The apparent total tract nutrient digestibility was similar between treatments (P > 0.05). The embelin treatment significantly increased the glucose levels and lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) activity in sows plasma, and decreased the lactate levels in both sows and fetuses plasma (P < 0.05). Collectively, this study indicates that sows fed with embelin in mid-to-late gestation showed improved maternal health and anti-oxidative status, milk protein content, and maternal-fetal glucose metabolism, showing promise in natural plant extract nutrition for sows.

Effectiveness of adding monosodium glutamate to an artificial feed on the growth and survival of Asian Redtail Catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus)

The problems in Asian Redtail Catfish farming are low growth and survival rate. Therefore, it is necessary to provide adequate feed to increase the production. One of these important nutrients is glutamine which can be obtained in the form of monosodium glutamate (MSG). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of adding MSG to feed on the growth and survival rate of Asian Redtail Catfish. Five experimental diets with graded levels of MSG were used, i.e. P0 as the control (0.0 g kg-1 feed), P1 (0.5 g kg-1 feed), P2 (1.0 g kg-1 feed), P3 (1.5 g kg-1 feed), and P4 (2.0 g kg-1 feed) with three replications. Twenty Asian Redtail Catfish juveniles were randomly distributed into aquarium (10 L in capacity) and kept in conditions without changing water. The fish were fed three times a day to apparent satiation at 08.00 AM, 01.00 PM, and 06.00 PM. The fish on MSG supplemented diets had higher final body weight, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio. Furthermore, MSG treatment groups had increased feed intake and feed efficiency, but there were no significant differences in final mean body weight. In conclusion, the current study showed that adding MSG to the diet could enhance growth and survival of Asian Redtail Catfish.

The effect of Silymarin on Production Performance and Some Carcass Characteristics of Broilers Consuming Aflatoxins

The current study aimed to know the extent of the effect of silymarin and its usefulness on the productive performance and some characteristics of the carcass of broilers which consuming diets containing aflatoxins which counteract the effects of negative toxins, which is One hundred and forty-four male broiler chicks, type (ROSS 308), one day old, of similar weights (40 + 5g), were distributed into four groups of equal number by 36 birds per group, which in turn was divided into three replicates by 12 birds for each duplicate. In the following figure, the first group (the control group), the second group (the standard diet plus aflatoxin in an amount of 500 micrograms/ kg of feed), the third group (the standard diet plus aflatoxin in an amount of 500 micrograms/ kg of feed in addition to 0.5 ml of silymarin per 1 liter of drinking water), the fourth group (the standard ration plus aflatoxin in an amount of 500 micrograms / kg of feed in addition to 1 milliliter of silymarin per 1 liter of drinking water). Ground culture was used on a deep litter, the experiment lasted for (35 days).&#x0D; During the trial period, the characteristics of the production performance for a period of five weeks were calculated, which are body weight, amount of feed consumed, weight gain rate, and feed conversion ratio. The results showed a mathematical and significant improvement in favor of the fourth group compared to the rest of the groups.&#x0D; On the last day of the experiment, five chicks were slaughtered from each replicate. The carcass characteristics were measured and the proportions of the following organs were studied: the pancreas, the gizzard, the liver, the spleen, the heart, and the stomach. The results showed that there were no significant differences between the four groups in most of the carcass characteristics, despite some slight improvement in some of the carcass characteristics.&#x0D; It is concluded from this study that adding silymarin to drinking water for groups of male broilers consuming aflatoxin may improve some of their productive characteristics.&#x0D;

Dietary effects of procyanidin and Bio-Aqua® on hematological and immune indices of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

The role of immunostimulants in reducing diseases and enhancing fish performance has been proven in various studies. In this study, the effects of antioxidant procyanidin and commercial probiotic Bio-Aqua® on some hematological and immune indices of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated. A total number of 525 fingerlings in seven treatments (each treatment in triplicates) with experimental diets, including (1) commercial food without supplements (CTL), (2) 400 mg procyanidin kg-1 feed (PC400) , (3) 800 mg procyanidin kg-1 feed (PC800), (4) 0.50% probiotic diet (PB0.5), (5) 1.00% probiotic diet (PB1), (6) probiotic and procianidin 0.50% and 800 mg kg-1 feed, respectively (PB0.5 + PC800) and (7) probiotic and procianidin 1.00% and 400 mg kg-1 feed, respectively, (PB1 + PC400) were fed for eight weeks. The results showed that the use of procyanidin alone did not have any significant effect on blood biochemistry and immune indices. However, the individual use of Bio-Aqua® probiotic could affect the hematological and immune indices of fish, except for monocyte, compared to the control and procyanidin treatments. However, the combined use of the supplements improved the hematological and immune indices of fish. It was concluded that the simultaneous dietary administration of procyanidin and probiotic Bio-Aqua® could improve the general health of rainbow trout.

STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF OREGANO EXTRACT SUPPLEMENTATION IN WEANED PIGS OF THE EASTERN BALKAN BREED

An experiment with 30 weaned pigs of the East Balkan pig breed was conducted at the Agricultural Science Center in Sredets. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of oregano extract supplementation on the productivity and health status of weaned pigs of the East Balkan breed. The animals were divided into two groups of 15 animals, 8 males, and 7 females. The experiment started at 8,150 kg live weight for group I (control) and 8,160 kg for experimental group II. The animals from the control group received wheat: barley (50:50), and 50 g of oregano extract per 100 kg of feed was added to the ration of animals from experimental group II. The experiment finished at 19.646 kg live weight for group I and at 20.673 kg live weight for those in group II. The use of oregano extract (Origanum vulgare) in the feed for weaned pigs of the East Balkan breed improved the average daily gain (by 8.96%-0.146 kg vs. 0.134kg) and reduced the feed conversion ratio per kg gain by 8.22% (5.240kg vs. 5.709 kg).

ПРОДУКТИВНЫЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ ВЫРАЩИВАЕМОГО МОЛОДНЯКА СВИНЕЙ ПРИ ОБОГАЩЕНИИ РАЦИОНОВ РАЗЛИЧНЫМИ СОЕДИНЕНИЯМИ СЕЛЕНА

To carry out scientific and economic experience, three groups of piglets-analogues at the age of 28 days (20 heads in each group) were selected, depending on the origin and live weight. The duration of the experiment was (62 days). According to the experimental scheme, the growing young pigs of the 1st control group as part of the SK-4 compound feed received 0.30 mg/kg of inorganic selenium feed in the form of sodium selenite, analogues from the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups received the same compound feed with the addition of 0.15 and 0.20 mg/kg of organic selenium, respectively. Feeding young pigs of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups as part of the SK-4 compound feed of organic selenium in the amount of 0.15 and 0.20 mg/kg contributed to an increase in live weight and average daily gains at 60 and 90 days of age, respectively, by 7.46 g, 7.24 g and 12.3%, 12.1% and 8.4 g 8.3 g and 9.5%, 9.5% compared to control animals. The inclusion of various levels of organic selenium in the composition of the SK-4 compound feed contributed to an increase in the digestibility of all nutrients compared to the control. The inclusion of organic selenium in the growing young pigs of the experimental groups of 0.15 and 0.20 mg/kg of feed had a positive effect on the dynamics of morphological, biochemical, immunological parameters that cause an increase in the protective properties of the body. The greatest economic effect was obtained in the 2nd experimental group of piglets receiving 0.15 mg of B-Traxime Selenium per 1 kg of feed and amounted to 292.5 rubles per head.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ КОРМОВОЙ ДОБАВКИ НА ОСНОВЕ МОЛОЧНОЙ СЫВОРОТКИ И ОТВАРА МЕЛИССЫ ПРИ ВЫРАЩИВАНИИ ПЕРЕПЕЛОВ

The research purpose has been determination of effect of different doses feed additive at the base of whey and lemon balm decoction in quail raising. The experiment has been carried out with pharaoh breed quails. Quail body weight dynamics, survival rates and feed conversion have been studied for the purpose realization and also carcasses yield changes and quail farming economic effectiveness have been analyzed with three different experimental additive doses usage (40, 50 and 60 ml per 1 kg of feed). 50 ml/kg dose has been the most effective of three doses. This dose usage in quail diet in experimental group 3 has resulted in significantly higher body weight in comparison with control group: 7.13% at 14 days age, 5.12% at 28 days, 8.16% at 42 days and 10.01% at the end of the experiment (56 days). Body weight of 3 group quails has been higher than in 2 and 4 groups by 6.07 and 4.15% respectively. Feed consumption per 1 kg of body weight increasing has been the lest in comparison with all other groups — 3.32 kg. Additionally survival rates and carcass yield and profitability level traits in this group have been maximal.

Effects of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Desmodium uncinatum&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Leaf Meal in the Diet on Lohmann Brown Hens’ Laying Performance and Eggs Quality

A cheap, safe and available alternative protein source to soybean is a huge priority for the developing world. This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of Desmodium uncinatum leaf meal incorporation levels in the diet on Lohmann Brown hens’ laying performances. For this purpose, 60 Lohmann Brown hens aged 33 weeks with an average weight of 1.78 kg were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups of 20 birds each with 4 replicates. The experimental treatments consisted of DULM 0, DULM5, and DULM10 containing 0, 5 and 10 kg of D. uncinatum leaf meal (DULM) per 100 kg of feed respectively. The results reveal that except for the weights of hens, laying performances were significantly affected (p production were recorded with diet DULM5. On the other hand, the diet with 10% of DULM (DULM10) recorded the highest relative shell weight, feed conversion ratio and egg price. Nevertheless, the mortality rate found in this study was 0% for all treatments confirming the good quality of DULM as protein feedstuff for layer. It was concluded that incorporation levels of D. uncinatum leaves at 5% in the diet improved the laying performances of Lohmann Brown hens.

Microbiome and its association with nutrient metabolism in farm animal nutrition

This article shows the effect of amino acid preparations on metabolism, nutrient digestibility, and calf development. Essential amino acid mixes in different concentrations (per 1 kg of feed) were introduced into the diet of calves from 9 to 18 months of age: I experimental group - 2 g of lysine + 2 g of methionine + 3 g of threonine + 1 g of tryptophan, II experimental group - 3 g of lysine + 3 g of methionine + 4 g threonine+2 g tryptophan. Calves were calculated on pure amino acids, in % of feed dry matter (per head per day). In calves of the II experimental group there was a significant increase in live weight by 11.7 % (p≤0.05) due to better utilisation of bacterial nitrogen by 8.3 % (p≤0.05), amino acids in duodenum by 3.46 % (p≤0.05) than in the I experimental group and by 8.83 % (p≤0.05) than in the control group. The growth rate of tissues and their protein composition changed with the growth of animals. The obtained data indicate the positive effect of a mixture of amino acids with a higher concentration in the diet of growing animals due to the enhancement of protein biosynthesis processes in muscle tissue. Thus, for improvement of intestinal microbiota, metabolism, digestive processes, and maintenance of calf health, the most comfortable concentration of amino acids was the ratio of 3 g lysine+3 g methionine+4 g threonine+2 g tryptophan. The higher the level of essential amino acids in the feed composition, the more they increase the digestibility of nitrogenous substances in the gastrointestinal tract.