Development Of Key Technologies Research Articles

Co-culture systems of microalgae and heterotrophic microorganisms: applications in bioproduction and wastewater treatment and elucidation of mutualistic interactions.

In recent years, reducing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has become an important issue. Microalgae have a higher photosynthetic efficiency and growth rate than higher plants; thus, biological carbon dioxide fixation using microalgae is attracting particular attention as an efficient carbon dioxide fixation method. However, under dilute atmospheric conditions, microalgae exhibit lower growth rates and reduced carbon dioxide fixation efficiency. In recent years, technology that can efficiently fix carbon dioxide, even in the atmosphere, using a microalgae co-culture system that co-cultivates microalgae and heterotrophic microorganisms has attracted attention. In such a co-culture system, it is believed that a mutualistic relationship is established between microorganisms through the exchange of various compounds. This review focuses on the application of a co-culture system of microalgae and heterotrophic microorganisms for bioproduction and wastewater treatment. In addition, research to elucidate the mutualistic relationships in microalgal co-culture systems using analytical methods that have been widely used in recent years, such as next-generation sequencing technology, is also discussed. In the future, it is expected that the use of microalgae co-culture systems will expand on an industrial scale through the development of key technologies, such as efficient genetic modification techniques for microalgae and their heterotrophic microorganism partners, large-scale cultivation facilities that can efficiently cultivate microalgae, and stable control techniques for co-culture systems using advanced technology.

The Evolution of Data Centers in the Age of AI

This article explores the evolving landscape of data centers in the era of artificial intelligence (AI). It examines the exponential growth of the global data center market, driven by increasing data generation and AI adoption. The article discusses key technological developments in data centers, including enhanced operational efficiency through AI-powered systems, specialized hardware for AI workloads, advanced cooling technologies, and sustainability initiatives. It also delves into future prospects, such as increased capacity for complex AI tasks, real-time processing of massive datasets, and further improvements in energy efficiency. The symbiotic relationship between AI and data centers is highlighted, emphasizing how this transformation is reshaping digital infrastructure to meet unprecedented demands for computational power and data processing while striving for sustainability.

Development of silicon drift detectors for synchrotron radiation sources

Synchrotron radiation facilities are essential interdisciplinary research platforms, with performance and efficiency closely tied to detector technology. To meet future requirements, especially the High Energy Photon Source (HEPS), we have conducted key technological research and development on single-element and array Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs). The research and testing were conducted at the Platform of Advanced Photon Source Technology (PAPS). The test results indicate that the single-element SDD has achieved an energy resolution of 143 eV@5.9 keV (−35 °C), and the 20-unit array-SDD has reached an energy resolution of better than 300 eV@13.96 keV (−40 °C).

Infection Process of Alfalfa Root Rot Caused by Fusarium acuminatum

Fusarium spp. can cause root rot in alfalfa, leading to the death of the whole plant, which seriously affects the yield and quality of alfalfa. This study used a Fusarium acuminatum strain labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP) to observe the infection process of F. acuminatum on alfalfa by confocal fluorescence microscopy. The aim of this study was to reveal the infection mechanism of alfalfa Fusarium root rot at the cellular histological level. The results showed that conidia of F. acuminatum attached to the surface of the root and germinated at one day post-inoculation, the mycelium then entered the vascular bundle tissue of the alfalfa root at 5 days post-inoculation, reached the base of the plant stem at 14 days post-inoculation, and colonized the stem of the first and second compound leaf at 28 and 49 days post-inoculation, respectively. Moreover, the experiment, which sprayed a spore suspension, showed that the conidia of F. acuminatum could spread through the air to infect the pericarp and seed coat tissue of the pod. For the first time, we report the infection process of alfalfa Fusarium root rot caused by F. acuminatum and clarify that F. acuminatum can initially infect the root tissue of alfalfa, colonize the bottom stem of the plant through systematic infection, and eventually cause the plant to wilt and die. The results reveal the infection mechanism of F. acuminatum at the cell level via histology and provide theoretical support for the development of control strategies and key control technologies for alfalfa root rot.

Sintilimab combined with bevacizumab in relapsed or persistent ovarian clear cell carcinoma (INOVA): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial

Ovarian clear cell carcinoma rarely responds to second-line chemotherapy, the recommended treatment for relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer. Here, we report the activity and safety of sintilimab in combination with bevacizumab in patients with relapsed or persistent ovarian clear cell carcinoma. In the prospective, multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 INOVA trial, patients aged 18-75 years with histologically confirmed relapsed or persistent ovarian clear cell carcinoma were enrolled from eight tertiary hospitals in China. Eligible patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score of 0-2 and previous exposure to at least one cycle of platinum-containing chemotherapy. Enrolled patients received sintilimab (200 mg) and bevacizumab (15 mg/kg) intravenously every 3 weeks until disease progression. The primary endpoint was objective response rate assessed by independent central review based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours version 1.1. Eligible enrolled patients who received at least one cycle of treatment and had at least one tumour response assessment following the baseline assessment per protocol were included in the activity analysis. Patients who received at least one dose of study drug were included in the safety analysis. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04735861) and is ongoing. Between April 8, 2021, and July 3, 2023, 51 patients were screened and 41 patients received at least one dose of sintilimab in combination with bevacizumab. Response evaluation was completed in 37 patients. Objective responses were observed in 15 patients (objective response rate 40·5%; 95% CI 24·8-57·9), of which five (14%) were complete responses and ten (27%) were partial responses. At data cutoff (Jan 29, 2024), the median follow-up was 16·9 months (IQR 7·5-23·4). Three (7%) patients developed grade 3 treatment-related adverse events including one patient with proteinuria, one patient with myocarditis, and one patient with rash. No treatment-related adverse events of worse than grade 3 severity were recorded. Treatment-related serious adverse events occurred in two (5%) patients including one patient with immune-related myocarditis and another with hypertension and renal dysfunction. No treatment-related deaths occurred. Sintilimab in combination with bevacizumab showed promising anti-tumour activity and manageable safety in patients with relapsed or persistent ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Larger, randomised trials are warranted to compare this low-toxicity, chemotherapy-free combinatorial regimen with standard chemotherapy. National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing Xisike Clinical Oncology Research Foundation, and Innovent Biologics. For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

An Efficiency Evaluation and Driving Effect Analysis of the Green Transformation of the Thermal Power Industrial Chain: Evidence Based on Impacts and Challenges in China

The high carbon emissions and pollution of China’s thermal power industry chain have exacerbated environmental and climate degradation. Therefore, accelerating the green transformation process is of great significance in promoting the sustainable development of enterprises. This study selected 30 listed thermal power enterprises in China as research objects, analyzed their data from 2018 to 2022, set targeted input–output indicators for different stages, and used a two-stage dynamic data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to evaluate and measure the efficiency of the green transformation of Chinese thermal power enterprises. In addition, this study also uses the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method to analyze the driving effects of green transformation. The results indicate that in terms of overall efficiency, there is a significant difference in the overall performance of these 30 thermal power enterprises, with a large difference in average efficiency values. Efficiency values are related to enterprise size. In terms of stage efficiency, the average efficiency value of thermal power enterprises in the profit stage was significantly higher than that in the transformation stage, and the profitability of Chinese thermal power enterprises was better. In terms of sub-indicator efficiency, the efficiency of each indicator shows a “U”-shaped trend, and there is a certain correlation between the operating costs and revenue of thermal power enterprises, the market value of green transformation, and related indicators. In addition, the most important factor affecting the efficiency of green transformation is the sewage cost they face, whereas their operational capabilities have the least impact on their green transformation. In this regard, thermal power enterprises should increase their investment in the research and development of key technologies for thermal power transformation and continuously optimize their energy structure. The government will increase financial support for thermal power green transformation enterprises and correspondingly increase emission costs.

Technological innovations in agricultural bioenergy production: A concept paper on future pathways

This review paper explores the current state, emerging trends, and future pathways of technological innovation in agricultural bioenergy production. It examines key developments in biomass conversion technologies, genetic engineering, precision farming, and biorefineries, highlighting their potential applications, benefits, and challenges. The importance of continued research and innovation in advancing bioenergy technologies is underscored, emphasizing their potential contributions to sustainability, energy security, and rural development. By harnessing renewable biomass resources and leveraging cutting-edge technologies, agricultural bioenergy holds promise as a sustainable and renewable energy solution. This paper calls for collaborative efforts and informed decision-making to realize the full potential of bioenergy in mitigating climate change, promoting environmental stewardship, and enhancing energy resilience.'

Using virtual reality for occupational safety and health in a UK tunnelling megaproject

Recent advancements into key technological developments (KTDs) are leading to a paradigm shift in the way that occupational safety and health (OSH) is managed in the architecture, engineering, construction and operation sector. This paper reports on a pilot case study where building information modelling and virtual reality were used for OSH training purposes related to the operation of a tunnel-boring machine. The aim of the research was to identify the benefits, barriers and challenges associated with the implementation of these KTDs in a joint venture organisation delivering part of a complex megaproject in Central London, UK, the Thames Tideway Tunnel project (thereafter, ‘Tideway’). The reported benefits included better safety in design and improved hazard perception. Tideway estimates that the project could potentially see a 20% reduction in training time and a 10% reduction in accidents. The key lessons learned include the need to keep costs down, the necessity for system portability and ease of access. The results of the study will assist organisations that are interested in the adoption of these KTDs and provide valuable insights to the wider construction industry. This will in turn enable companies to improve how OSH is managed and promote the uptake of KTDs for OSH.

Merger of internet of things and machine learning: The internet of everything sector projects, benefits, and future roles

The convergence of the Internet of Things and Machine Learning shapes key developments in information technologies, such as the Internet of Everything environment. The Internet of Things' Machine-to-Machine connectivity advances, real-time Big Data storage, and data-driven Machine Learning synergize the scope of Internet of Everything innovations. As the Internet of Things and Machine Learning merger continues, the Internet of Everything reshapes the world sector map by providing unprecedented possibilities and efficiencies. The propelled Internet of Everything is ushering in a new era of transformative projects in various sectors such as Healthcare and Life Science, Manufacturing, Agriculture, Energy, Transportation, and Construction. The high-tech transformative projects offer many applications in process optimization, cost reduction, increased productivity, and efficiency. Our work examines the prominent joint Internet of Things and Machine Learning initiatives, projects and works to encourage new initiatives and multidisciplinary work worldwide. We also discuss the benefits of transformative projects in different sectors in detail and put forward a forecast for their future roles. Our study is supported by solid academic literature and project examples.

Key Technological Applications and Development Trends of U.S. Ground Unmanned Equipment

Key Technological Applications and Development Trends of U.S. Ground Unmanned Equipment

ISAC towards 6G Satellite–Terrestrial Communications: Principles, Status, and Prospects

With the evolution of fifth-generation (5G) to sixth-generation (6G) communication systems, the utilization of spectrum resources faces incremental challenges. Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) technology, as a crucial element in 6G technology, is expected to enhance energy efficiency and spectrum utilization efficiency by integrating radar and communication signals, achieving environmental awareness, and enabling scene interconnection. Simultaneously, to realize the vision of seamless coverage in 6G, research on integrated satellite-terrestrial communication has been prioritized. To integrate the advantages, ISAC for integrated satellite–terrestrial networks (ISTNs) in 6G has emerged as a potential research direction. This paper offers an extensive overview of the present state of key technologies for ISAC and the development of ISTNs. Meanwhile, with a focus on the ISTN-oriented 6G ISAC system, several hotspot topics, including future application scenarios and key technological developments, are outlined and demonstrated.

Upgrading the GRAVITY fringe tracker for GRAVITY+

Context. The GRAVITY beam-combiner at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer has recently made important contributions to many different fields of astronomy, from observations of the Galactic centre to the study of massive stars, young stellar objects, exoplanet atmospheres, and active galactic nuclei. These achievements were only made possible by the development of several key technologies, including the development of reliable and high-performance fringe trackers. These systems compensate for disturbances ranging from atmospheric turbulence to vibrations in the optical system, enabling long exposures and ensuring the stability of interferometric measurements. Aims. As part of the ongoing GRAVITY+ upgrade of the Very Large Telescope Interferometer infrastructure, we aim to improve the performance of the GRAVITY fringe tracker, and to enable its use by other instruments. Methods. We modified the group-delay controller to consistently maintain tracking in the white-light fringe, which is characterised by a minimum group delay. Additionally, we introduced a novel approach in which fringe-tracking is performed in the non-observable optical path length state-space using a covariance-weighted Kalman filter and an auto-regressive model of the disturbance. We outline this new state-space representation and the formalism we used to propagate the state vector and generate the control signal. While our approach is presented specifically in the context of GRAVITY/GRAVITY+, it can easily be adapted to other instruments or interfero-metric facilities. Results. We successfully demonstrate phase-delay tracking within a single fringe, with any spurious phase jumps detected and corrected in less than 100 ms. We also report a significant performance improvement, as shown by a reduction of ~30 to 40% in phase residuals, and a much better behaviour under sub-optimal atmospheric conditions. Compared to what was observed in 2019, the median residuals have decreased from 150 nm to 100 nm on the Auxiliary Telescopes and from 250 nm to 150 nm on the Unit Telescopes. Conclusions. The improved phase-delay tracking combined with white-light fringe tracking means that from now on, the GRAVITY fringe tracker can be used by other instruments operating in different wavebands. The only limitation remains the need for an adjustment of the optical path dispersion.

A Review of Environmentally Friendly Corrosion and Scale Inhibitors

This literature review comprehensively examines the latest research developments in the field of corrosion inhibitors and scale inhibitors, analyzing in depth the current research outcomes, trends, and challenges. As a core area of interdisciplinary research, corrosion and scale inhibition technologies have profound implications for technological advancement and economic development. The review covers key technological innovations and future development prospects in the petrochemical industry. The article begins by tracing the historical development trajectory of corrosion and scale inhibitors, providing an overview of the current situation both domestically and internationally, and highlighting significant breakthroughs over the past few decades. The concluding section outlines future research directions for corrosion and scale inhibitors, indicating that this technology will continue to play a significant role in driving innovation and sustainable development on a global scale.

Research and Application of New energy Digital System Based on BIM

With the continuous development of new energy technology, the installed scale of new energy is getting bigger and bigger, the market competition is becoming increasingly fierce, and the cost control of investment units, reference units and manufacturers in all aspects of new energy construction is becoming more and more strict. Promoting the application of BIM in new energy engineering projects can effectively reduce the cost in the design and construction stages, and more importantly, improve the efficiency of long-term operation of new energy power stations, and reduce capital investment. This paper focuses on the definition and development of BIM, key technologies and BIM-based new energy digital system, which manages the information model of new energy power generation projects, provides more effective and accurate management, and improves project operation efficiency.

Preface: 6th International Conference on Informatization in Education, Management and Business (IEMB 2023)

The 2023 6th International Conference on Informatization in Education, Management and Business (IEMB 2023) was held in Stockholm, Sweden during December 30-31, 2023. This conference aims to become a springboard for researchers, experts, scholars, and professors sharing several key technological developments and emerging applications of educational informatization, information management, engineering management, business management, and public management. We would like to thank to all of the participants attending this conference and also to committee for their contribution to this high-level conference and its overall success. We also would like to thank to the reviewers for their positive contribution to maintain the quality of the articles presented in this conference. Conference Organizing Chair Stockholm, Sweden

An overview of the development of key technologies in autonomous driving technology

Technological advances in each of the smaller fields of automated driving technology have collectively advanced the maturity of automated driving technology. This paper describes some of the technological advances in the development of automated driving of automobiles. Firstly, it introduces the improvement of 3D target detection algorithms, the problem of 3D target detection from LIDAR point cloud, and the proposed control network to address the lack of human driving logic in the existing driverless strategy. Next, the convenience of virtual simulation technology in testing self-driving cars is presented as well as the use of high-definition maps by self-driving cars to understand the road and surroundings. Then the solution to the problem of weak feature extraction and low training efficiency when extracting data in the self-driving learning model, the path planning technology for self-driving cars, and the understanding of the scene when self-driving cars are traveling at night are presented. Finally, image target recognition based on synthetic aperture radar, image color recognition method based on deep learning, and how deep learning can be applied to the field of image recognition are presented.

Development of key technologies for audio retrieval and vocal teaching system based on sensor networks

Traditional audio processing technology often faces the challenge of efficiency and accuracy in the face of large-scale audio data and complex sound content. The purpose of this study is to develop the key technology of audio retrieval and vocal music teaching system based on sensor network, aiming at the rich audio data and real-time monitoring function provided by sensor network. The sensors suitable for audio retrieval and vocal music teaching were selected and rationally arranged in the designated position to obtain accurate and comprehensive audio data. The algorithm is also optimized and improved to improve the performance and stability of the system. The accuracy and efficiency of audio retrieval can be effectively improved by using sensor networks. The vocal music teaching system based on sensor networks can provide comprehensive and accurate sound evaluation and guidance. Good results have been obtained in the practical application of this method, which proves its feasibility and effectiveness in the field of audio retrieval and vocal music teaching.

ANALYZING THE IMPACT: EMERGING CLASSROOM TECHNOLOGIES AND THE EVIDENCE ON LEARNING

This paper aimed to analyze the multifaceted impact of modern technological integration in education on pedagogy, learning processes and outcomes. A detailed literature review was conducted examining key developments in educational technologies over the past two decades including online learning platforms, 1:1 device initiative, and adaptive learning software. Impacts were analyzed using existing evidence from multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses on learning analytics, engagement, student achievement and teaching practices. The integration of technology in classrooms was found to enable more self-directed, personalized learning approaches leading to significant gains in core skills. However, uneven access to technology and issues around data privacy were also highlighted. Benefits were maximized when technologies supplemented rather than substituted teachers. With astute policy and teacher training, classroom technology presents transformative opportunities to improve access, equity, achievement and prepare students with vital future-oriented skills. However, care must be taken to continually address ethical issues around privacy, screen time, and digital divides. Understanding both opportunities and pitfalls will be key as education systems leverage technologies effectively to enhance learning on a global scale in coming decades

Disruptive development path measurement for emerging technologies based on the patent citation network

Studying disruptive innovation development paths for emerging technologies helps trace and grasp key core technologies development, promoting innovation and development in emerging technologies and industries. This paper measures the innovation development path for emerging technology, including: (1) improving the triple citation network and quantifying disruptive measurement by designing a technological disruption model; (2) proposing a contraction method for the citation network from the dataset perspective; (3) proposing a method to extract the main path using technology disruption degree as a criterion for citation networks importance; (4) taking the sintering technology in 3-D printing technology as the empirical object with 12,662 patent families from 1997 to 2019. The empirical results indicate that the disruption degree value is determined by the transitive citation relationship without the co-citation relationship, and the closed-loop structures are effectively removed, thereby reducing the size of the dataset. The proposed disruption quantification method can support effective evaluation of technological innovation levels and decision-making for the research and development (R&D) direction and resource allocation.

RESEARCH ON THE REALIZATION MECHANISM OF THE KEY CORE TECHNOLOGY CAPABILITIES OF SPECIALIZED AND SPECIAL NEW ENTERPRISES

As China is currently facing technology bottlenecks, the transformation and development of key technologies are imminent. As a typical organization of breakthroughs in key core technologies and an important carrier of the national innovation-driven development strategy, how to achieve breakthroughs in key core technologies and the study of its intrinsic mechanism have become indispensable links. Our investigation and study revealed that the internal development mechanism of breakthroughs in the key core technologies of specialized and special new enterprises is often limited by the depth and breadth of policies, the weakness of the overall industrial chain, and backward enterprise management models. Based on the above problems, mechanism exploration from the macro, meso, and micro perspectives will help enrich the theoretical system of key core technologies and provide new development perspectives for the transformation and upgrading of specialized and new enterprises in this new situation.