Key Source Research Articles

Challenges and Opportunities in the Implementation of AI in Manufacturing: A Bibliometric Analysis

This study explores the evolution and impact of research on the challenges and opportunities in the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in manufacturing between 2019 and August 2024. By addressing the growing integration of AI technologies in the manufacturing sector, the research seeks to provide a comprehensive view of how AI applications are transforming production processes, improving efficiency, and opening new business opportunities. A bibliometric analysis was conducted, examining global scientific production, influential authors, key sources, and thematic trends. Data were collected from Scopus, and a detailed review of key publications was carried out to identify knowledge gaps and unresolved research questions. The results reveal a steady increase in research related to AI in manufacturing, with a strong focus on automation, predictive maintenance, and supply chain optimization. The study also highlights the dominance of certain institutions and key authors driving this field of research. Despite the progress, significant challenges remain, particularly regarding the scalability of AI solutions and ethical considerations. The findings suggest that while AI holds considerable potential for the manufacturing industry, more interdisciplinary research is needed to address existing gaps and maximize its benefits.

Quantifying Toxic Friendship: A Preliminary Investigation of a Measure of Victimization in the Friendships of Adolescents.

Although friendship is a key source of support and intimacy for adolescents, adolescent friendships can also involve victimization, which can be harmful to youth well-being. To date, our understanding of victimization in friendship has been limited by a lack of measures that comprehensively capture the variety of negative behaviors occurring in this relationship. This study outlines the development and preliminary validation of the Friendship Victimization Scale for Adolescents (FVS-A), which assesses victimization and controlling behaviors in adolescent friendships. Adolescents (N = 706, Mage = 15.93, SD = 1.67; 62.3% cisgender girls, 33.7% cisgender boys) from high schools in Canada completed the FVS-A and other measures in the fall of 2019. The factor structure and psychometric properties of the measure were examined. The FVS-A demonstrated excellent internal consistency and a 3-factor structure (relational victimization, physical/verbal victimization, controlling behavior). There was evidence for demographic differences such that cisgender girls reported more overall friendship victimization, as well as relational victimization and control, than did cisgender boys. Greater friendship victimization was associated with greater dating victimization and gender-based bullying and was uniquely associated with greater depressive symptoms after accounting for these other types of victimization. Findings suggest that friendship victimization is common among adolescents. The results provide evidence for the utility of the FVS-A as a measure of an understudied source of interpersonal risk. Future work is needed to understand the long-term implications of friendship victimization and to elucidate the temporal associations between friendship victimization and other indicators of psychosocial adjustment.

Effects of Genipin Crosslinking of Porcine Perilimbal Sclera on Mechanical Properties and Intraocular Pressure.

The mechanical properties of sclera play an important role in ocular functions, protection, and disease. Modulating the sclera's properties by exogenous crosslinking offers a way to expand the tissue's range of properties for study of the possible influences on the eye's behavior and diseases such as glaucoma and myopia. The focus of this work was to evaluate the effects of genipin crosslinking targeting the porcine perilimbal sclera (PLS) since the stiffness of this tissue was previously found in a number of studies to influence the eye's intraocular pressure (IOP). The work includes experiments on tensile test specimens and whole globes. The specimen tests showed decreased strain-rate dependence and increased relaxation stress due to the cross-linker. Whole globe perfusion experiments demonstrated that eyes treated with genipin in the perilimbal region had increased IOPs compared to the control globes. Migration of the cross-linker from the target tissue to other tissues is a confounding factor in whole globe, biomechanical measurements, with crosslinking. A novel quantitative genipin assay of the trabecular meshwork (TM) was developed to exclude globes where the TM was inadvertently crosslinked. The perfusion study, therefore, suggests that elevated stiffness of the PLS can significantly increase IOP apart from effects of the TM in the porcine eye. These results demonstrate the importance of PLS biomechanics in aqueous outflow regulation and support additional investigations into the distal outflow pathways as a key source of outflow resistance.

Kidney medicine meets computer vision: a bibliometric analysis.

Rapid advances in computer vision (CV) have the potential to facilitate the examination, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the kidney. The bibliometric study aims to explore the research landscape and evolving research focus of the application of CV in kidney medicine research. The Web of Science Core Collection was utilized to identify publications related to the research or applications of CV technology in the field of kidney medicine from January 1, 1900, to December 31, 2022. We analyzed emerging research trends, highly influential publications and journals, prolific researchers, countries/regions, research institutions, co-authorship networks, and co-occurrence networks. Bibliographic information was analyzed and visualized using Python, Matplotlib, Seaborn, HistCite, and Vosviewer. There was an increasing trend in the number of publications on CV-based kidney medicine research. These publications mainly focused on medical image processing, surgical procedures, medical image analysis/diagnosis, as well as the application and innovation of CV technology in medical imaging. The United States is currently the leading country in terms of the quantities of published articles and international collaborations, followed by China. Deep learning-based segmentation and machine learning-based texture analysis are the most commonly used techniques in this field. Regarding research hotspot trends, CV algorithms are shifting toward artificial intelligence, and research objects are expanding to encompass a wider range of kidney-related objects, with data dimensions used in research transitioning from 2D to 3D while simultaneously incorporating more diverse data modalities. The present study provides a scientometric overview of the current progress in the research and application of CV technology in kidney medicine research. Through the use of bibliometric analysis and network visualization, we elucidate emerging trends, key sources, leading institutions, and popular topics. Our findings and analysis are expected to provide valuable insights for future research on the use of CV in kidney medicine research.

Exploring the protein signature of endometrial cancer: A comprehensive review through diverse samples and mass spectrometry-based proteomics

Endometrial cancer (EC) is increasing incidence among women, and it constitutes a health problem for women globally. An important aspect of EC management involves the use of protein biomarkers for early detection and monitoring. Protein biomarkers allow the identification of high-risk patients, the detection of the disease in its early stages, and the assessment of treatment responses. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics offers robust analytical techniques and a comprehensive understanding of proteins. Proteomics methods allow scientists to investigate both the quantities and functions of proteins. Thus, it provides valuable insights into how proteins are altered under different conditions. This review summarizes recent advances in MS-based proteomic biomarker discovery for EC, focusing on different sample types and MS-based techniques used in clinical studies. The review emphasized in detail the most commonly used key sources such as blood, urine, vaginal fluids and tissue. Furthermore, MS-based proteomics techniques such as untargeted, targeted, sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH-MS) and mass spectrometry imaging used in the discovery and validation/validation phases were evaluated. This review highlights the importance of biomarker discovery and clinical translation to improve diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes in EC. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of MS-based proteomics in EC, guiding future research and clinical applications.

3-Acetyl Indole in the Synthesis of Natural Bioactive Compounds

Natural products, with their various sources from plants, marine organisms, and microorganisms, are considered a key source and inspiration for medicines and continue to be so. Indole alkaloids are a class of alkaloids and represent a large subunit of natural prod-ucts. Indole alkaloids of biological importance are numerous and cover a wide range of phar-maceutical applications, including anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. Obtaining natural, biologically active indole compounds involves isolating them from their natural sources or preparing them synthetically. 3-Substituted indoles repre-sent an emerging structural class of marine alkaloids based on their high degree of biological activity. 3-Acetyl indole is an important core used as a starting material for synthesizing many bioactive indole alkaloids. (5-Indole)oxazole alkaloids, β-carboline alkaloids, bis-in-dole alkaloids, chuangxinmycin, meridianine, and (±) indolemycin are the most important indole alkaloids that are prepared starting from 3-acety indole. The present review provides comprehensive information on the structures and the synthesis of bioactive indole alkaloids utilizing 3-acetyl indole and its derivatives as starting compounds. Additionally, it also spot-lights the diverse biological activities of these compounds.

Gross Primary Production of Antarctic Landfast Sea Ice: A Model‐Based Estimate

AbstractMuch of the Antarctic coast is covered by seasonal landfast sea ice (fast ice), which serves as an important habitat for ice algae. Fast‐ice algae provide a key early season food source for pelagic and benthic food webs, and contribute to biogeochemical cycling in Antarctic coastal ecosystems. Summertime fast ice is undergoing a decline, leading to more seasonal fast ice with unknown impacts on interconnected Earth system processes. Our understanding of the spatiotemporal variability of Antarctic fast ice, and its impact on polar ecosystems is currently limited. Evaluating the overall productivity of fast‐ice algae has historically been hampered by limitations in observations and models. By linking new fast‐ice extent maps with a one‐dimensional sea‐ice biogeochemical model, we provide the first estimate of the spatio‐seasonal variability of Antarctic fast‐ice algal gross primary production (GPP) and its annual primary production on a circum‐Antarctic scale. Experiments conducted for the 2005–2006 season provide a mean fast ice‐algal production estimate of 2.8 Tg C/y. This estimate represents about 12% of overall Southern Ocean sea‐ice algae production (estimated in a previous study), with the mean fast‐ice algal production per area being 3.3 times higher than that of pack ice. Our Antarctic fast‐ice GPP estimates are probably underestimated in the Ross Sea and Weddell Sea sectors because the sub‐ice platelet layer habitats and their high biomass are not considered.

The Manifest and Latent Structures of Medicalization and Psychologization in Lay Depression Discourses — A Word Embedding Analysis of Online Forums

AbstractOnline depression forums are emerging platforms of the e-mental health sector. Exploring the ongoing lay discourses has the potential of better understanding first-person accounts of depression and developing new technologies of health promotion. Based on these premises, the article analyzes the hypothesis concerning the discursive transformation of sadness into depression (elaborated by Horwitz and Wakefield), that is the ‘medicalization’ and ‘psychologization’ of social suffering. While these generic theoretical diagnoses describe a long-term discursive transformation, they rely on a limited methodological toolset as they are based on the retrospective examination of key discursive sources (such as the consequent generations of DSM). While these analyses certainly have a heuristic value, their conclusions require further empirical testing. Our analysis focuses on the largest English-language online depression forums, while relying on word-embedding modelling. Our results do not simply reinforce or falsify the original hypotheses; instead, they imply a more complex model: on manifest level, the medicalization or psychologization of social suffering is detectable only partially; however, on a latent level, many of these solutions still follow either an instrumental-medical or a supportive-psychological logic. Based on these results, the reinforcement of online forums hosting social suffering discourses of depression is suggested.

A review of remote sensing of flood monitoring and assessment in southern Africa

Southern Africa is one of the most vulnerable regions to flooding and this severely impacts its economic development, human livelihoods and ecosystem functioning. In this regard, there is need to identify strategies to monitor flood occurrence, to minimize effects. Remote sensing is one of the key data sources for natural hazards monitoring, over space and time. This paper therefore provides the state-of-the-art review on flood monitoring, using remote sensing in southern Africa, since the emergency of earth observation technologies. Specifically, the review focused on how southern Africa has embraced remote sensing for mapping flood extent, vulnerable areas and impacts, over time. The review also highlights available remote sensing data and products, to monitor floods, including their success, limitations, and prospects for improved flood monitoring in the region. Overall, there has been limited use of remote sensing data in flood monitoring in southern Africa, until 2010. Since then, there was an increase in the use of remote sensing data, for flood monitoring. Most of these studies used the freely available Landsat and MODIS datasets, and these studies focused more on mapping the extent of flooding. However, as much as considerable strides were made, there is still more work to be done. Future research needs to shift towards the use of new generation remote sensing data, including radar, as well as high spatial resolution drones, before, during and after flood occurrence. Advanced cloud-computing, such as Google Earth Engine and machine learning algorithms, also present opportunity for time series analysis of flooding.

Research On The Influence Of Online TeachingGenerated Content On The Learning Decision Process Of Students

In the online teaching environment, marketer-generated content (MGC) and user-generated content (UGC) have become the key information sources that influence students’ learning decisions. Although the academic community has paid considerable attention to this issue, the direct comparison of their roles in the learning decision process of students is still scarce. Therefore, based on cognitive fit theory, this study constructs a model of how online teaching-generated content types (i.e., MGC and UGC) jointly affect the learning decision process of students, and makes an in-depth discussion through empirical methods. The results show that MGC and UGC in the online teaching environment have significant effects on different stages (i.e., cognition, attitude, and learning decision) in the learning decision process of students. Furthermore, there are differences in the roles played by MGC and UGC at different stages. In addition, online course types have a moderating effect on the influence of online teaching-generated content on the learning decision process of students. This study not only enriches the theoretical discussion in the field of how generated content in the online teaching environment affects the learning decision process, but also provides practical suggestions for optimizing the design of online teaching courses

Fire and ant interactions mediated by honeydew and extrafloral nectar in an australian tropical savanna

Fire is a major disturbance affecting ecosystems globally, but its impact on mutualisms has received minimal attention. Here, we use a long-term field experiment to investigate the impact of different fire regimes on globally important ant–honeydew and ant–extrafloral nectar (EFN) mutualistic interactions in an Australian tropical savanna. These interactions provide ants with a key energy source, while their plant and hemipteran hosts receive protection services. We examined ant interactions on species of Eucalyptus (lacking EFNs) and Acacia (with EFNs) in three replicate plots each of burning every 2 and 3 years early in the dry season, burning late in the dry season every 2 years, and unburnt for > 25 years. The proportions of plants with ant–honeydew interactions in Acacia (44.6%) and Eucalyptus (36.3%) were double those of Acacia plants with ant–EFN interactions (18.9%). The most common ants, representing 85% of all interactions, were behaviourally dominant species of Oecophylla, Iridomyrmex and Papyrius. Fire promoted the incidence of ant interactions, especially those involving EFNs on Acacia, which occurred on only 3% of plants in unburnt plots compared with 24% in frequently burnt plots. Fire also promoted the relative incidence of behaviourally dominant ants, which are considered the highest quality mutualists. Contrary to expectations, frequent fire did not result in a switching of behaviourally dominant ant partners from forest-adapted Oecophylla to arid-adapted Iridomyrmex. Our findings that frequent fire increases ant interactions mediated by honeydew and extrafloral nectar, and promotes the quality of ant mutualists, have important implications for protective services provided by ants in highly fire-prone ecosystems.

EU building stock characterization for whole life cycle assessment: Data challenges and key insights

Abstract The building sector plays an important role in achieving the climate objectives of the EU Green Deal. While prioritizing measures to reduce operational energy and GHG emissions has proven beneficial, it has shifted burdens by increasing embodied emissions. Quantifying and regulating emissions throughout the entire building life cycle is therefore crucial. An ongoing DG GROW project is investigating strategies to reduce life cycle GHG emissions within the EU. Various steps are being carried out to achieve the research goals: identification of data needs and sources, baseline analysis of the existing whole life carbon emissions of the EU building stock, modelling of future scenarios. This paper elaborates on the building stock characterization, demonstrating innovation through its level of granularity. Firstly, key data sources are chosen to provide the desired granularity. Secondly, archetypes are defined based on the data sources. Thirdly, attributes are chosen to describe the building stock in terms of geometry, building element composition, energy use, etc. The paper concludes by discussing challenges related to collecting attribute information and managing data gaps. The insights derived offer valuable recommendations for establishing a future data repository dedicated to environmental LCA of the EU building stock.

Spatial patterns of influenza A virus spread across compartments in commercial swine farms in the United States.

Multiple genetic variants of H1 and H3 influenza A viruses (IAVs) circulate concurrently in US swine farms. Understanding the spatial transmission patterns of IAVs among these farms is crucial for developing effective control strategies and mitigating the emergence of novel IAVs. In this study, we analysed 1909 IAV genomic sequences from 785 US swine farms, representing 33 farming systems across 12 states, primarily in the Midwest from 2004 to 2023. Bayesian phylogeographic analyses were performed to identify the dispersal patterns of both H1 and H3 virus genetic lineages and to elucidate their spatial migration patterns within and between different systems. Our results showed that both intra-system and inter-system migrations occurred between the swine farms, with intra-system migrations being more frequent. However, migration rates for H1 and H3 IAVs were similar between intra-system and inter-system migration events. Spatial migration patterns aligned with expected pig movement across different compartments of swine farming systems. Sow-Farms were identified as key sources of viruses, with bi-directional migration observed between these farms and other parts of the system, including Wean-to-Finish and Gilt-Development-Units. High intra-system migration was detected across farms in the same region, while spread to geographically distant intra- and inter-system farms was less frequent. These findings suggest that prioritizing resources towards systems frequently confronting influenza problems and targeting pivotal source farms, such as sow farms, could be an effective strategy for controlling influenza in US commercial swine operations.

Ovarian cancer-derived IL-4 promotes immunotherapy resistance.

Ovarian cancer is resistant to immunotherapy, and this is influenced by the immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment (TME) dominated by macrophages. Resistance is also affected by intratumoral heterogeneity, whose development is poorly understood. To identify regulators of ovarian cancer immunity, we employed a spatial functional genomics screen (Perturb-map), focused on receptor/ligands hypothesized to be involved in tumor-macrophage communication. Perturb-map recapitulated tumor heterogeneity and revealed that interleukin-4 (IL-4) promotes resistance to anti-PD-1. We find ovarian cancer cells are the key source of IL-4, which directs the formation of an immunosuppressive TME via macrophage control. IL-4 loss was not compensated by nearby IL-4-expressing clones, revealing short-range regulation of TME composition dictating tumor evolution. Our studies show heterogeneous TMEs can emerge from localized altered expression of cancer-derived cytokines/chemokines that establish immune-rich and immune-excluded neighborhoods, which drive clone selection and immunotherapy resistance. They also demonstrate the potential of targeting IL-4 signaling to enhance ovarian cancer response to immunotherapy.

How Readable Is the Information the United Kingdom's Statutory Health and Social Care Professional Regulators Provide for the Public to Engage With Fitness to Practise Processes?

The public are an important source of notifications and evidence for the investigation of concerns by regulators of professionals. The website is an important source of information for the public, but the complexity of information presented to engage with the public is unknown. This study explored the readability of information provided for the public to engage with fitness to practise processes by examining the websites of the 13 UK statutory health and social care professional regulators. Six readability algorithms were utilised to calculate the readability scores of 180 general and 8 easy-read documents published for the 15 sites of the United Kingdom's 13 health and social care statutory professional regulatory bodies. These tests were the Flesch Kincaid Reading Ease, the Flesch Kincaid Grade Level, the Gunning Fog Score, the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) Index, the Coleman Liau Index and the Automated Readability Index (ARI). All the fitness to practise documents analysed in this study are written at a level too difficult for most of the general population to read, except one easy-read document. There was also considerable variation in readability across resources for the same regulator, which could be confusing. Regulatory bodies risk excluding a large proportion of UK adults who may want to engage with professional regulatory proceedings. This is the first comparative analysis of readability conducted independent of the regulators of the fitness to practise website documents of health and social care regulators. The public are a key source of evidence in regulatory proceedings. Regulators could improve public engagement by addressing the complexity of language used. Our advisory group of people with lived experience of involvement as members of the public in fitness to practise proceedings discussed the findings and contributed to the recommendations.

B–Li differential enrichment of geothermal systems in the Da Qaidam and Gonghe–Guide Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau: Evidence from water chemistry and H–O–B–Li isotopes

Typical geothermal systems in the Da Qaidam (DQ) and Gonghe–Guide Basin (GGB) on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau (NETP) discharged different BLi contents. A widely accepted metallogenic model is that the salt–lake type BLi deposits in the TP are recharged by geothermal fluids with B–Li–rich, carried by rivers and enriched in the terminal salt lakes. The B–Li–rich geothermal water is the key source of mineralization in salt lakes, however, enrichment mechanism governing differential BLi contents in DQ and GGB geothermal systems remains ambiguous. This study systematically deciphers water chemistry and isotope characteristics (δD, δ18O, δ11B, δ7Li) of river waters, geothermal waters, sinters and surrounding rocks to discuss the enrichment process of BLi elements in the DQ and GGB geothermal systems. The δD and δ18O values of geothermal systems in the DQ (δD = −79.60 ∼ −82.40 ‰, δ18O = −10.97 ∼ −11.38 ‰) and GGB (δD = −64.00 ∼ −97.10 ‰, δ18O = −8.70 ∼ −13.00 ‰) are close to the GMWL and LMWL, indicating meteoric origin. The δD and high Cl− values (300–900 mg/L) of geothermal waters in the DQ and Qiabuqia, Qunaihai, Zhacangsi along Riyueshan of the GGB imply that these geothermal waters mixed by magmatic fluid and meteoric water. The hot springs in the DQ (B = 38.35–46.29 mg/L, Li = 3.11–3.72 mg/L) and GGB (B = 0.17–8.16 mg/L, Li = 0.08–10.49 mg/L) exhibit differential BLi geochemical characteristics. B and Li contents are higher in DQ hot springs and in hot springs along Riyueshan of the GGB, respectively. Comparison of the BLi contents and δ11B–δ7Li values of geothermal waters, sinters and host rocks reveals that BLi contents of geothermal waters are controlled by B–rich HP-UHP metamorphic rocks formed by metamorphism and Li–rich granites or pegmatites formed by magmatism in the Qilian Shan, respectively. Moreover, metamorphic and magmatic processes, combining with deep circulation reactivated by the thrust or strike–slip faults, create differential enrichment of BLi elements in the geothermal systems, such as DQ and GGB on the NETP. This study highlights into understanding the differential enrichment of BLi in the geothermal system on the TP. Furthermore, the resource elemental abundance of geothermal waters can be applied as an important prospecting indicator of endogenous BLi deposits.

An exceptional phytoplankton bloom in the southeast Madagascar Sea driven by African dust deposition

Abstract Rising surface temperatures are projected to cause more frequent and intense droughts in the world's drylands. This can lead to land degradation, mobilization of soil particles, and an increase in dust aerosol emissions from arid and semi-arid regions. Dust aerosols are a key source of bio-essential nutrients, can be transported in the atmosphere over large distances, and ultimately deposited onto the ocean's surface, alleviating nutrient limitation and increasing oceanic primary productivity. Currently, the linkages between desertification, dust emissions and ocean fertilization remain poorly understood. Here, we show that dust emitted from Southern Africa was transported and deposited into the nutrient-limited surface waters southeast of Madagascar, which stimulated the strongest phytoplankton bloom of the last two decades during a period of the year when blooms are not expected. The conditions required for triggering blooms of this magnitude are anomalous, but current trends in air temperatures, aridity, and dust emissions in Southern Africa suggest that such events could become more probable in the future. Together with the recent findings on ocean fertilization by drought-induced megafires in Australia, our results point toward a potential link between global warming, drought, aerosol emissions, and ocean blooms.

The legal essence of tender under the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan

In modern conditions, tenders are a key source of income for government organizations and the business community, as it contributes to the effective organization of the procurement process and ensures transparen-cy and competitiveness in choosing a supplier. The authors of the article analyzed the key legislative acts regulating tenders, including the Law «On Public Procurement « in order to define the legal essence of the concept of «tender». As the analysis of industry legislation has shown, the concepts of «tender» and «contest» in most cases are identified and used as synonyms in the works of domestic and Russian scientists. The article also includes a comparative analysis with international practice, as well as a comparative analysis of the con-cept of the term «tender» in the current legislative acts of the United States of America, the People's Republic of China and Turkmenistan. This allowed the authors to identify potential areas for reforming the Kazakh tender system by including the relevant concept of «tender» in the current legislation. Within the framework of the article, the main legal aspects of tender procedures were considered, which represent an opportunity through free and open contest to conclude a mutually beneficial contract for contractors, as well as types of tenders, their significance and features in the field of public procurement. The methodological basis of the re-search consists of general and special methods, such as formal logical, scientific analysis and synthesis, his-torical and legal and comparative legal methods. The results obtained from the research allowed the authors to formulate proposals and recommendations for improving the legislative framework to ensure the effective-ness and fairness of tender processes.

Structural Uncertainty in the Sensitivity of Urban Temperatures to Anthropogenic Heat Flux

AbstractOne key source of uncertainty for weather and climate models is structural uncertainty arising from the fact that these models must simplify or approximate complex physical, chemical, and biological processes that occur in the real world. However, structural uncertainty is rarely examined in the context of simulated effects of anthropogenic heat flux in cities. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with a single‐layer urban canopy model, it is found that the sensitivity of urban canopy air temperature to anthropogenic heat flux can differ by an order of magnitude depending on how anthropogenic heat flux is released to the urban environment. Moreover, varying model structures through changing the treatment of roof‐air interaction and the parameterization of convective heat transfer between the canopy air and the atmosphere can affect the sensitivity of urban canopy air temperature by a factor of 4. Urban surface temperature and 2‐m air temperature are less sensitive to the methods of anthropogenic heat flux release and the examined model structural variants than urban canopy air temperature, but their sensitivities to anthropogenic heat flux can still vary by as much as a factor of 4 for surface temperature and 2 for 2‐m air temperature. Our study recommends using temperature sensitivity instead of temperature response to understand how various physical processes (and their representations in numerical models) modulate the simulated effects of anthropogenic heat flux.

The Impact of E-commerce Live Streaming on Consumer Purchasing Behavior in the Influencer Economy

This study investigates the impact of e-commerce live streaming on consumer purchasing behavior, focusing on the current market size, the promotion efforts of mainstream media and businesses, and conversion rates. The results show that the market for live streaming is expanding rapidly, with businesses and media viewing it as a key traffic source and marketing tool. The conversion rate of live stream content is also higher than traditional e-commerce marketing methods. However, the influence of live streaming is not entirely positive, highlighting the need for increased regulation and more rigorous market standards. E-commerce platforms and influencers must also deepen their understanding of consumer needs to build trust and optimize their content to suit purchasing behavior.