Key Economic Sectors Research Articles

THE ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF CENTRAL JAVA REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS (STUDY OF THE BARLINGMASCAKEP DEVELOPMENT AREA, PURWOMANGGUNG, SUBOSUKAWONOSRATEN, BANGLOR)

This research intended to analyze the economic condition and potential sectors of Central Java regional development areas (Barlingmascakep, Purwomanggung, Subosukawonosraten, Banglor). It used quantitative descriptive analysis, Location Quotient, Shift Share, and Klassen Typology. Specifically, the research examined the key economic variable and potential sectors in every development area. Compared to the previous researches that focused on regencies, provinces, or countries, the current research provided space for analysis of every single development area. Further, the results of potential mapping analysis showed that the policies in every development area were focused on potential owned by every development area. Some leading, potential, and developing sectors gained from Klassen Typology analysis were assumed to support the direction of the established policy.

CO2 emission in transportation sector across 51 countries along the Belt and Road from 2000 to 2014

The transportation sector is a key economic sector and an important source of CO2 emissions. Due to these environmental implications and a desire to reduce emission levels, the number of empirical analyses on the transportation sector have increased significantly in recent times. Given this pretext, our study examines the heterogeneity and spatial autocorrelation CO2 emissions of the transportation sector for 51 belt and road economies from 2000 to 2014. As part of analysis, we examine the heterogeneity of CO2 emissions in the transportation sector through the use of the Theil index and semi-variogram analysis. Furthermore, our study also analyzed the global and local spatial autocorrelation of transport sector CO2 emissions using the Moran index for participating countries. From the analysis, this study found that the transportation CO2 emission intensity of Central and Western Asia and North Africa is significantly higher than that of other regions along the belt and road, and there is a strong spatial correlation in Southeast Asian countries. Our research provides a key reference point for governments by proposing carbon-reduction policies and the promotion of greener developmental initiatives within the transportation sector.

Rainfall Induced Landslide Studies in Indian Himalayan Region: A Critical Review

Landslides are one of the most devastating and recurring natural disasters and have affected several mountainous regions across the globe. The Indian Himalayan region is no exception to landslide incidences affecting key economic sectors such as transportation and agriculture and often leading to loss of lives. As reflected in the global landslide dataset, most of the landslides in this region are rainfall triggered. The region is prone to 15% of the global rainfall-induced landslides, and thereby a review of the studies in the region is inevitable. The high exposure to landslide risk has made the Indian Himalayas receive growing attention by the landslides community. A review of landslides studies conducted in this region is therefore important to provide a general picture of the state-of-the-art, a reference point for researchers and practitioners working in this region for the first time, and a summary of the improvements most urgently needed to better address landslide hazard research and management. This article focuses on various studies ranging from forecasting and monitoring to hazard and susceptibility analysis. The various factors used to analyze landslide are also studied for various landslide zones in the region. The analysis reveals that there are several avenues where significant research work is needed such as the inclusion of climate change factors or the acquisition of basic data of highest quality to be used as input data for computational models. In addition, the review reveals that, despite the entire region being highly landslide prone, most of the studies have focused on few regions and large areas have been neglected. The aim of the review is to provide a reference for stakeholders and researchers who are currently or looking to work in the Indian Himalayas, to highlight the shortcomings and the points of strength of the research being conducted, and to provide a contribution in addressing the future developments most urgently needed to obtain a consistent advance in landslide risk reduction of the area.

A Panel ARDL Analsis of the Productivity of Key Economic Sectors Contributing to Local Economic Growth in an Emerging Country

Abstract It has become precise and indisputable that the South African economic growth has been stagnant. Despite this stagnant growth, the productivity of key sectors is supposed to alleviate some of the challenges of the South African economy. The aim of this study is to identify the key sectors that may assist in boosting economic growth at a local level. This study employed three estimators (PMG, MG and DFE) of a panel autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) to analyse the short- and long-run effects of various sectors’ productivity on economic growth in a South African district. By employing annual data from 1996 to 2015, 6 sectors (construction, finance, trade, community service, manufacturing, transport, mining and tourism) from four municipalities in South Africa were analysed. Results show that the productivity of the construction, transport, trade, manufacturing and finance sectors influence economic growth positively in the long-run. However, the productivity of the mining and tourism sectors negatively affect economic growth in the long-run. Short-run results reveal that, in the short-run, the productivity of all sectors, except trade and transport, contribute positively to local economic growth. This study recommends that the government improves the production methods and invests in infrastructure and skills development to advance the productivity of the mining and tourism sectors.

Efficient irrigation water allocation and its impact on agricultural sustainability and water scarcity under uncertainty

Agriculture is a key economic sector in developing countries that are facing challenges of low efficiency of water resources utilization and of shrinking water supply. This study develops an optimization model for the allocation of agricultural irrigation water to improve irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), considering uncertainties of fluctuating water supply. Then, it assesses the impact of efficient water allocation on the sustainability and water scarcity under different levels of water supply. This study can help answer questions as to how to optimal allocate limited water supplies to different crops and different subareas under uncertainty to improve IWUE, how water shortage affects economic, social, and environmental aspects, and what the relationship between system sustainability and water shortage is. To demonstrate its feasibility, the proposed models are applied to an irrigation district in northeastern China. These models can also be applied to other regions that suffer from water scarcity. Results of application are found to be satisfactory for explaining the impact of agricultural irrigation water allocation on net economic benefit, water resources allocation equity, total greenhouse gas emissions, and water scarcity footprint under different water supply conditions. This study provides insights into tradeoffs amongst resources, economy, society, and environment in irrigated agricultural systems under uncertainty.

The Impact of Youth Unemployment on the Zambian Economy

This research looks at the issue of youth unemployment and how this affects the Zambian economy. The paper focuses on examining how the productive age in Zambia has been disadvantaged by the introduction of some regulations and policies. The paper brings into perspective the shrinking employment opportunities for the youth and how this effects productivity in key economic sectors such as mining, agriculture and the private sector. The findings indicate that the increase in the pensionable age disadvantages the youth and further increases the unemployment rate for the youth and women. The findings have also brought out the challenges that are faced by the unemployed youth and how they have been forced to engage in crime and political violence in order for them to make a living. The youth in Zambia represent 60% of the total employable age yet instead of being in well-paying and productive jobs; they are involved in crime, prostitution, drug abuse and alcohol abuse. The research outcomes also indicate that the definitions of a youth in the Zambian youth policy and the definitions of a youth by the United Nations are different and this may pose a challenge in terms of statistics and planning purposes. The paper takes a secondary research approach by reviewing research findings that have been drawn from analysing the different opinions, facts and findings from researchers on the topic of youth unemployment and government policies and laws on youth employment. Indicators from the findings are that youth unemployment is a global problem, which affects even rich countries such as the UK that has a huge GDP than that of Zambia. The conclusion in the paper is that there is a direct connection between youth unemployment and economic growth and that governments must ensure that they put youth employment at the centre of national economic planning. Keywords: unemployment, youth, government, economy, policy, labour, productivity DOI: 10.7176/JESD/11-6-09 Publication date: March 31 st 2020

Information and methodological support to the implementation of Best Available Techniques in the Russian Federation

The aim, objectives and main directions of the information and methodological support for environmental and technological modernisation of Russian economy and its transfer to Best Available Techniques in key economic sectors have been analysed in the article. It has been indicated, that the environmental and technological modernisation corresponds with the national goals and strategic development objectives of the Russian Federation, namely: establishing highly-productive, export oriented, resource efficient industry on the basis of modern technologies.The new direction of development of industrial policy of Russia – environmental industrial policy has been considered. The experience in developing and applying information and methodological support instruments, including information workshops, role games and professional qualification enhancement programmes has been described. The role of expert society on Best Available Techniques in the implementation of the environmental industrial policy has been analysed. It has been emphasised, that objectives of informing a wide range of interested parties, improving professional qualifications, forming the expert society on Best Available Techniques, considering development of norms and standards, assessing modernisation costs and establishing the rationale for setting new technological parameters, their resource efficiency and environmental performance, – all these issues should be regarded as inter-related net of cross-linked solutions. It has been demonstrated, that research projects implemented within the framework of the information and methodological support for the modernisation of the economy, provide for obtaining and systematising information needed to set environmental and economic rationale for new requirements to the resource efficiency and environmental performance of key production processes. Practical approaches have been determined for enhancing public discussion and information dissemination tools, professional qualification improvement programmes, approaches to the discussion of draft norms in the field of Best Available Techniques and resource efficiency for economic entities with regulators and regulated community, as well as other stakeholders, at the national and regional levels.

How Globalization Is Related to Energy Productivity? (A Mathematical Analysis on Iran’s Agricultural Data)

Agriculture is recognized as a key economic sector for almost all developing nations including Iran. Nowadays, world economy has been highly integrated as economic performance of a given country is more susceptible to policies taken by other countries than four decades ago. So, investigating the possible impacts of this new worldwide phenomenon (globalization) would be a vital issue. This paper is an empirical examination of the association between globalization and energy productivity in the Iran's agriculture context by using time series econometrics techniques including causality and cointegration tests for the period 1967-2018. Main results confirm existence of a unidirectional causality from globalization to agricultural energy productivity. Other findings revealed that every one percent increase in globalization index is expected to lead in 0.75 percent rise in agricultural energy productivity in the long-run. The error correction coefficient is estimated at -0.25 implying that the effect of every shock imposed on the long-run equation would be vanished in just four years.

Artificial Intelligence, Neom and Saudi Arabia's Economic Diversification from Oil and Gas

AbstractSaudi Arabia is diversifying its economy by becoming a global technological hub. Driven by its ‘Vision 2030' initiative, it has embarked on the most ambitious and far‐reaching transformation plan in the Kingdom's history. At the core of this transformation are the investment and development of artificial intelligence (AI) and its integration into a new mega‐city, Neom. Currently under construction, Neom is seeking to integrate robotics and AI seamlessly into every aspect of citizens' lives in a bid to generate revenues from key economic sectors for the future. This transition from an economy based on hydrocarbons to AI is, however, more than economic. It is a bid to secure the survival of the House of Saud and meet the growing challenges of constructing a state around oil. Nevertheless, what happens in Neom may provide insights into how AI will impact the world beyond a cross‐roads built on sand.

Integrating the Belt and Road Initiative and Technical and Vocational Education and Training for Inclusive Growth and Development in Africa

Africa is plagued with persistent low competitiveness ranking at the lower rungs of the Global value Chain ladder in spite of the abundant resources the continent is endowed with. The demographic composition coupled with enormous resources of the continent are expected to be core drivers of comparative advantage in the quest for development, but these have not been properly harnessed. Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) is believed to be pivotal to achieving targeted national or regional development goals, however, this critical aspect of education is being grossly neglected on the continent. TVET thrives through a coordinated synergy with economic environment in which it operates. A conducive environment for employment generating investments will strengthen the TVET systems and promote the development of key economic sectors to attract the requisite foreign development inputs. The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) provides an avenue for flow of development inputs into Africa and fulfilling the BRI objectives in achieving inclusive growth and development in Africa requires effective capacity building beyond skills training of manpower. This paper examined the nexus between TVET and development, the opportunities available for BRI and TVET in key sectors of the economies in Africa. It emphasized that beyond the acquisition of skills, the continent should utilize the opportunities of BRI platform to promote inclusive growth and development by providing conducive environment for job creation through regional integration driven by infrastructure development, industrialization coupled with urbanization, and investment in research and development. It recommended that African countries should build and maintain strong and development driven TVET systems by taking cue from Chinese successful experience. The paper posited that the design of TVET system should dovetail with the national, regional and continental development goals to guaranty inclusive growth and development across the continent. Key w ords: Belt and Road Initiative, TVET, Development, Africa DOI : 10.7176/DCS/9-12-07 Publication date: December 31 st 2019

Identifying energy-intensive key sectors in Iran: Evidence from decomposed input-output multipliers

Abstract The purpose of this study is to two-fold. One is to identify key economic sectors that contribute to fossil energy consumption of the Iranian economy and second is to suggest an energy management policy for cleaner production. The main question of this article is how to identify the sector which can reduce energy intensity and also is directly responsible for energy consumption. The energy intensity of each sector according to the Input-Output approach can be decomposed into own weighted component made during the activities of the sector and pure weighted component generated by the activities in other sectors. Based on Input-Output Table of Iran in 2011, the results show that six sectors including production and distribution of electricity, crude oil and natural gas extraction, transportation, manufacture of chemicals and chemical products, services and manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products are energy intensive key sectors of Iran which have the most value of own weighted backward and forward multipliers compared to the other economic sectors. Hence, appropriate policy implications are suggested for those six sectors. These policies should be targeted to the sectors with high own weighted effects like converting natural gas-based utilities into combined cycle ones in electricity sector. In the opposite case, since more than one sector is involved in fossil energy consumption, this type of direct policies cannot be recommended for those sectors with high pure weighted effects. Consequently, policy makers should employ cross-sectoral policies for cleaner production in Iran.

DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE TOURISM MODEL ASSOCIATED WITH CONSERVED EDUCATION, UNDERSTANDING THE IDENTITY OF PHYSICAL CULTURE HERITAGE AND NON-PHYSICAL CULTURE HERITAGE, DEVELOPING LIVELIHOOD AND SUSTAINABLE MULTIDIMENSION POVERTY REDUCTION FOR ETHNIC MINORITIES OF QUANG NINH PROVINCE IN THE CONTEXT OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0

In the trend of Industry Revolution 4.0, tourism has been considered as one of the key and key economic sectors of the country and smokeless industry requires sustainable tourism development associated with the conservation and promotion of tangible and intangible cultural heritage values are becoming more and more important and urgent than ever. Author through deeply analysing the context and situation of developing a model linking sustainable tourism with preserving and promoting the specific tangible and intangible cultural heritage values of Quang Ninh province in the previous period thereby proposing a system of appropriate solutions to develop models of cultural tourism, heritage tourism, rural tourism, community tourism...in close association with specific values conservation and promotion of tangible and intangible cultural heritage, livelihood development and sustainable multidimensional poverty reduction for ethnic minorities groups in the current Industry Revolution 4.0 trend.

THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC SECTORS ON LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (LED): THE CASE OF THE CAPRICORN REGION, LIMPOPO PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA

The birth of democracy in South Africa in 1994 guided the introduction of local economic development (LED) to improve local and regional economies. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to analyse the impact of key economic sectors on LED in the Capricorn District Municipality over the period 1996 to 2016. The study also included the development of a LED index for measurement that could contribute to the diverse literature on Development Economics. The methodology included the development of an index to measure LED and also an econometric analysis of the impact of economic sectors on the LED index. The study employed a panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. A LED index was composed of economic growth, employment and poverty alleviation. The results show how the productivity of key sectors influence economic growth, employment and poverty alleviation. It is noteworthy that the community service, trade, construction, finance and electricity sectors are positively related to LED. The main economic base sectors, such as agriculture and manufacturing, surprisingly had less of a positive impact on the local economy. Specific aspects have a negative impact on economic sectors, and should be minimized. Thus, the study formulated a strategy for policy implications such as restructuring of the agricultural, manufacturing and infrastructural development sectors, ensuring capacity of all essential services, improving production methods, and investment in technical skills development. It was therefore be concluded that LED is a process and tool in improving local economic growth, employment and poverty alleviation. In light of this finding, key sectors need to play a significant role to improve local economic growth and employment, and alleviate poverty. Key Words: ARDL model, Capricorn region, Economic sectors, LED, South Africa.

Loss of profit in the hotel industry of the United States due to climate change

Tourism has been identified as a key economic sector vulnerable to climate change, yet direct empirical evidence is still lacking on the economic gain and loss of the tourism industry due to climate change. Here we find that temperature significantly affects the profits of the hotel industry with both spatial and seasonal heterogeneity. By using a rich dataset of the monthly financial records of more than 1700 hotels in 50 US states during 2016–2018 (approximately 3.2% of hotels nationally), we show that a deviation from 18 °C ∼ 20 °C in monthly averaged temperature leads to a decrease in the profit rate. The effect is triggered by fewer customers, less revenue, and higher cost per occupied room partially due to the increased usage of electricity and water. Such an effect can be lasting and is less impactful for higher chain scale hotels. In future GHG emission scenarios, climate change will lead to a loss of profit in most climate zones particularly the southern regions, with higher GHG emissions leading to a more serious effect. This study contributes to the literature on how climate change affects human activities and helps refine the relevant damage function of climate change on tourism in existing climate models.

Влияние земледелия на систему питания в Предбайкалье во II половине ХIХ – I половине ХХ вв. (на примере аларских бурят)

Introduction. The traditional food system of Biakalia’s residents still remains understudied. The available works primarily focus on dairy and meat products, and almost ignore the plant food system, which is due to the fact the agricultural traditions of Baikalia’s native populations that had attained quite a high level of agronomy in ancient times – have not been explored. The traditions basically concentrated in a relatively small area occupied by present-day Alarsky District of Ust-Orda Buryat Okrug (Irkutsk Oblast) and former Balagansky Uyezd of Irkutsk Governorate. Historical Background. Since ancient times the Alar Valley served as the main breadbasket of the region. Being the leading grain producer in the whole region, it retains this position even nowadays. During the period in question, in the 19th and 20th centuries, agriculture was already the key sector of economy. This had been determined by the early sedentarization of the Alar Buryats resulting from beneficial geographical conditions, as well as somewhat genetic skills. So, the factor determined the food system of Buryats in that area. Goals. Taking into account the available ethnographic research and comparative data on the material culture of Turkic peoples, as well as own field data, the article seeks to explore the unique Alar Buryat cuisine and examines the grain-based nutritional system which includes most common cereals. It also describes the crops cultivation and cooking technologies, and analyzes the terminology. Results. The study reveals a previously unknown number of autochthonous specific features containing certain Turkic elements, such as similarity of many Buryat dishes, their names and cooking methods, tools and stoves characteristic to Turkic material culture. The article presents quite reasonable assumptions which prove somewhat close interaction between aboriginal peoples at an early stage of ethnic development, and also points out the large influence of Russian agronomic culture that brought new technologies and plant cultures, especially potatoes, thus significantly enriching nutritional ration. Some elements of spiritual culture also indicate the important role of cereals in life of the Alar Buryats. The study also concludes that the Alar Buryats had developed a food system where baked goods, meat and dairy constituted equal proportions. That was a major difference from food systems of other Mongolic peoples where meat and dairy prevailed. In general, this demonstrates that the ethnic group has high adaptive capacity, an ability to manage and efficiently interact with the changing external environment. The previously unknown terms and elements of Alar Buryat material culture are valuable enough for science.

Strategic sectors for greenhouse gas mitigation investment: assessment based upon the Brazil’s input-output matrix

Climate change is one of the biggest challenges facing the international community. The year 2017 was one of the three warmest on record and the world continues to experience extreme weather conditions. An effective mobilization of resources earmarked for key economic sectors is an important component of a strategy of any country to comply with greenhouse gases (GHG) emission reduction targets, especially Brazil, that is a top GHG emitter. This paper aims to identify these strategic economic sectors for investment to mitigate GHG emissions in Brazil. In order to do so, we estimate emission-demand elasticities of productive sectors, obtained from the Brazil’s Input-Output Matrix (IOM). In consequence, we identify those sectors with greater pollution impacts on the economy and then deserve higher priority for investment as well as mitigation policies. The paper also describes the flows and sources of climate investment and suggests that to ensure efficient outcomes policy makers should consider the role played by each different production sector. The results show the relevance of paying particular attention to the country’s productive structure and the pollution pressure it generates. From this approach, we identified that forest sector is still a key investment destination for mitigation of GHG emissions. Agriculture, transportation, and industrial sectors are also relevant to investment allocation. Confronting the results with literature and with the availability of funds, we ratified that forest and agriculture are strategic sectors for Brazil, and the sectoral approaches, classified as strong multilateralism policy architecture, are fundamental to achieve climate targets.

A distributionally robust credibilistic optimization method for the economic-environmental-energy-social sustainability problem

The existing literature on sustainable development problems mainly focuses on multicriteria decision analyses, and ignores the impact of uncertain information on optimal labor allocation decisions. It is necessary for sustainable development to implement suitable policies under uncertainty that integrate several competing aspects including economic, environmental, energy and social criteria. Based on type-2 fuzzy theory, this paper develops a distributionally robust optimization method for sustainable development problems. In our new model, the uncertain per capita gross domestic product (GDP), per capita electricity consumption and per capita greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are characterized by parametric interval-valued (PIV) possibility distributions and their associated uncertainty distribution sets. Under two assumptions on the underlining decision-making environment, the robust counterpart of the original distributionally robust fuzzy sustainable development model is formally established. To solve the proposed robust sustainable development model, this paper discusses the computational issue concerning the infinitely many integral objective functions and credibilistic constraints, and turns the robust counterpart model into its computationally tractable equivalent deterministic submodels. Taking advantage of the structural characteristics of the equivalent submodels, a domain decomposition method is designed to find the robust optimal solution that can protect against distribution uncertainty. Finally, this paper applies the proposed optimization method for the key economic sectors of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to provide quantitative justification in planning future labor and resource allocation.

Climate Change Policy Evaluation and Its Impact on Island Nations: Case Of Singapore And Sri Lanka

Climate Change (CC) is universally recognized as a major global threat due to its nature of impacts. Island nations are known to be the most vulnerable to CC impacts where many countries have initiated mitigation and adaptation actions through sector-based policy measures. Singapore and Sri Lanka are two Asian island nations with CC induced threats. Two countries are different in terms of economic development, but similar developing countries in the CC agenda. In this context, both the countries have initiated mitigation and adaptation actions through policy measures. This study compares the key climate driven performance indicators with historical data to evaluate the performance of climate change policy of each country. Generally, policy evaluation has been conducted by adopting scientific and non-scientific tools, but it is seldom see that the relation of climate driven indicators along with CC policy. Also the policy research was mostly based on European case studies and Asian island nations were not easy to find in this context. The comparison of two countries in terms of CC policy is to determine the key vulnerable sectors where intervention is necessary for island nations. Mitigation policies are evaluated in Singapore and Sri Lanka using GHG emission pathways under twelve (12) indicators and adaptation policies are measured under the national expenditure of key sectors of the economy under seven (07) indicators. The analysis further elaborated by comparing both countries with key economic sectors that has positive and negative influence on CC impacts. Finally, the analysis outcome is used for lessons to learn from each other in improving the CC policy of Singapore and Sri Lanka. As every country has a unique set of strategies to minimize contributions to CC impacts, unique features that are common to both countries are chosen as variables for the comparison. Policy recommendations are provided to implement solid action plan for post 2020. The study expects to assist island countries to strengthen the CC policy as a national priority to manage unforeseen impacts posed by CC phenomena

Mainstreaming biodiversity: A review of national strategies

Biodiversity is suffering dramatic declines across the globe, threatening the ability of ecosystems to provide the services on which humanity depends. Mainstreaming biodiversity into the plans, strategies and policies of different economic sectors is key to reversing these declines. The importance of this mainstreaming is recognized by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and its Aichi targets. Individual countries can implement the goals of the CBD through their National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs), which aim to, inter alia, support the mainstreaming of biodiversity into the policies of key economic sectors, such as agriculture, forestry and fisheries. This paper investigates the performance of countries at incorporating biodiversity mainstreaming into their post-2010 NBSAPs. We conduct a large-scale review of 144 NBSAPs against five criteria and calculate a national-level indicator for comparing levels of mainstreaming among countries. Our results show that developing countries, particularly those in Africa, have higher scores, indicating that they have a higher awareness of the importance of biodiversity mainstreaming. Developing nations were also more likely to involve a greater range of stakeholders in the NBSAP development process, whilst developed nations were less likely to give specific details about the monetary contributions of biodiversity to their economies. Overall, our findings suggest that biodiversity mainstreaming remains a challenge across much of the world, but that progress in some areas can provide direction and momentum in the future.

ASSESSMENT OF ENGINEERING SPECIALITY TEACHING IN THE PERIOD OF INTEGRATION

The industrial sectors, especially manufacturing industries, are considered as key economic sectors of Vietnam in the ages of national industrialization and modernization, especially when Vietnam prepares to take part in the global value chain, and want to upgrade its position in that value chain. But in the current situation of Vietnamese human resources, there is a remarkable lack of skilled scientists, engineers, and workers in these technical fields. The golden generation of Vietnam now mainly prefers to choose the other fields, such as business, trade, finance, support services, rather than the fields that create basic value for the economy because of specific job characteristics (task variety, challenge, and remuneration). A part of students could not identify their own future careers because the program of mass education in high school, vocational education, and career orientation has not brought an effective result. Besides that, the tendency to diplomas and titles preference in businesses and the whole society is still popular. They prefer to be enrolled in the university rather than a vocational school. As a result, universities must accept low-quality student input but still have to ensure the quality of teaching, researching, training and educating. Organizing and managing technical major, especially evaluating the education process, still has to face those issues.