Key Route Research Articles

Understanding the shifting nature of fake news research: Consumption, dissemination, and detection

AbstractFake news on social media spreads faster and has become a major societal concern, prompting numerous publications and knowledge sharing among researchers. This research aims to understand the shifting nature of fake news by investigating the citation relationships between significant publications using key route main path analysis (MPA). The process involves generating keywords, collecting and selecting relevant data, and conducting MPA on fake news in social media. The study analyzes 4.057 publications from 2010 to 2023, identifying 27 influential works shaping the knowledge diffusion in fake news research. Findings reveal two main phases: understanding fake news consumption patterns and analyzing its dissemination and detection mechanisms. Through multiple‐global MPA, five research trends are identified: health misinformation, fact‐checking, sharing behavior, fake news recognition, and physiological interventions. The study shows a continuous rise in publications and citations, with current trends focusing on health‐related misinformation. This analysis offers insights into the development and diffusion of fake news topics on social media, emphasizing the importance of historical development in guiding future research by uncovering current trends. Highlighting the historical progression of research provides valuable context, enabling a more nuanced understanding of the field.

Impurity Band Formation as a Route to Thermoelectric Power Factor Enhancement in n‐type XNiSn Half‐Heuslers

AbstractBandstructure engineering is a key route for thermoelectric performance enhancement. Here, 20–50% Seebeck (S) enhancement is reported for XNiCuySn half‐Heusler samples based on X = Ti. This novel electronic effect is attributed to the emergence of impurity bands of finite extent, due to the Cu dopants. Depending on the dispersion, extent, and offset with respect to the parent material, these bands are shown to enhance S to different degrees. Experimentally, this effect is controllable by the Ti content of the samples, with the addition of Zr/Hf gradually removing the enhancement. At the same time, the mobility remains largely intact, enabling power factors ≥3 mW m−1 K−2 near room temperature, increasing to ≥5 mW m−1 K−2 at high temperature. Combined with reduced thermal conductivity due to the Cu interstitials, this enables high average zT = 0.67–0.72 between 320 and 793 K for XNiCuySn compositions with ≥70% Ti. This work reveals the existence of a new route for electronic performance enhancement in n‐type XNiSn materials that are normally limited by their single carrier pocket. In principle, impurity bands can be applied to other materials and provide a new direction for further development.

Mineralogical analysis of plutonic and volcanic rocks at selected slope sections of the Kuala Lumpur-Karak Highway

The Kuala Lumpur-Karak Highway (KL-KH) is a key route connecting Kuala Lumpur to the East Coast states of Peninsular Malaysia. It passes through three distinct geological formations: the Kuala Lumpur Granite, Genting Sempah Complex, and Bentong Raub Suture Zone. These formations feature unique rock mineral compositions and microstructures that influence the strength and behavior of rock masses. This study used X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to analyze the mineralogical properties of plutonic and volcanic rock samples from the highway. The plutonic sample from KM29 (GKM29) consists of quartz, muscovite, and albite, while the volcanic sample from KM93 (LKM93) is rhyolite, containing quartz, albite, muscovite, and biotite. While both samples share similar minerals, they differ in texture, mineral proportions, and carbon content. The GKM29 sample has a more granular texture, while the LKM93 sample is finer. These differences in mineral composition and texture affect the mechanical properties of the rocks, including strength and durability, which are crucial for slope stability. Understanding these variations is essential for assessing slope stability and potential geological hazards along the highway. This study emphasizes the importance of early geological assessments for effective slope management and road safety, enabling better planning and maintenance strategies.

Determinants of Preventive Health Behavior for Hepatitis B in Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Vertical transmission from mother to child during the perinatal period is a key route of hepatitis B infection. The infection rate among children of mothers who are hepatitis B carriers is high. This study was designed to investigate the hepatitis-B-related preventive health behavior of pregnant women and related factors. A cross-sectional study design was used, and 184 pregnant women aged 20 years or above were recruited at obstetrics clinics as participants. The Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, Hepatitis B Knowledge Questionnaire, Hepatitis B Health Beliefs Questionnaire, and Preventive Health Behavior Questionnaire were used to collect study data between October 2017 and March 2018. Most of the participants had received a hepatitis B test because of either a pregnancy checkup (38.0%) or a health examination (32.1%), and most (77.7%) were not hepatitis B carriers. Using multiple linear regression, four significant determinants of hepatitis B preventive health behavior were identified, including marital status (β = 2.45, p = .008, 95% CI [0.66, 4.25]), test for hepatitis B infection status (β = -2.83, p = .013, 95% CI [-5.06, -0.60]), hepatitis B knowledge (β = 0.21, p = .001, 95% CI [0.09, 0.33]), and hepatitis B health beliefs (β = 0.11, p < .001, 95% CI [0.05, 0.16]). The participants who were not married or had never received a hepatitis B test exhibited better hepatitis-B-related preventive health behavior. Moreover, both hepatitis B knowledge and hepatitis B health belief scores were found to relate positively to preventive health behavior. Healthcare providers should strengthen health education in outpatient clinics and provide post-hepatitis B health-related materials in the community. In particular, internet resources such as hepatitis-B-related health education apps and other channels should be used to increase hepatitis B knowledge in perinatal women and eliminate hepatitis B.

Strategic Site Selection for Bio-LNG Plant in Indonesia: A Multi-Criteria Scoring Method Approach

In Indonesia, the energy sector is still predominantly reliant on fossil fuels, with renewable energy, including liquefied biomethane (Bio-LNG), playing a limited role. Nonetheless, Indonesia has significant potential for Bio-LNG development due to its abundant organic waste resources such as Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) from palm oil mills. Having approximately 891 Palm Oil Mills in Indonesia and being spread mostly in Sumatra, this study aims to select a strategic location for a Bio-LNG plant that can enhance logistical efficiency and economic viability for the plant. This study uses Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methodologies to assess potential sites based on key criteria: Land Availability, Distance to Source of Feedstock, Distance to Customer Locations, Jetty Availability, and Future Business Developments. This study has narrowed down into focusing on provinces with substantial raw material potential, Riau Province, particularly Dumai City and its surroundings, which emerges as a pivotal hub. Secondary data are gathered to conduct a systematic scoring process evaluates and integrates each criterion to generate a comprehensive ranking of potential sites. The selected site for the Bio-LNG plant is Location 1, at the coordinates of 1.662056, 101.707092, Pelintung, Medang Kampai Subdistrict, Dumai City, Riau. Its strategic positioning, proximity to key transportation routes, availability of abundant feedstock, and access to necessary infrastructure make it an ideal choice. This study aims to advance Bio-LNG infrastructure in Indonesia, promoting cleaner energy solutions, and enhanced supply chain efficiency.

Thermogravimetric analysis of commercial tungsten molecular precursors for vapor phase deposition processes.

Thin films and coatings based on Group 6 metal tungsten (W) have garnered intense interest for applications including catalysis, lubrication, and solar energy. Due to its selectivity and conformality, atomic layer deposition (ALD) has emerged as a key route towards oxides, dichalcogenides, and elemental metal films of W. A key component of the ALD process is the appropriate selection of molecular precursors. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is the primary sorting criterion for precursor suitability and helps delineate probable ALD temperature windows, sublimation/vaporization kinetics, and parameters of decomposition. Currently, a majority of the W materials growth literature is traced to a grouping of commercially available volatile molecular precursors. However, no comprehensive thermochemical analysis exists for all of these precursors, hampering a meaningful direct comparison. Herein, we present an extensive thermogravimetric analysis and direct comparison of commercial volatile W molecular precursors. We report probable ALD temperature windows, enthalpies of sublimation (ΔH sub), activation energies (E a), and evaluate thermal stress. Our findings highlight several commercial precursors yet to be reported for ALD growth, but featuring thermochemical properties falling within our suitable observed parametric ranges indicative of potential/viable deposition processes.

Individual-Based Ecological Particle Tracking Model (ECO-PTM) for Simulating Juvenile Chinook Salmon Migration and Survival Through the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta

Recovery of endangered salmon species in the Central Valley of California amidst prolonged drought and climate change necessitates innovative water management actions that balance species recovery and California's water demands. We describe an individual-based ecological particle tracking model (ECO-PTM) that can be used to assess the efficacy of proposed actions. Based on a random walk theory, the model tracks individual particles’ travel time, routing and survival in a flow field simulated by the Delta Simulation Model 2 hydrodynamic module (DSM2 HYDRO). The random walk particles are parameterized to have fish-like swimming behaviors, including upstream/downstream swimming, probabilistic holding behaviors, and stochastic swimming velocities. Particle routing at key junctions is based on well-established statistical models, and route-specific survival is calculated using the XT mean free-path length model. Behavioral parameters were estimated by fitting several competing models to a multiyear dataset of travel times from acoustic tagged juvenile salmon. The model’s baseline simulations under historical flow conditions from 1991 to 2016 successfully replicated essential relationships between salmon outmigration survival and hydrodynamic conditions, consistent with previous studies and the STARS (Survival Travel Time and Routing Simulation) statistical simulation model. Simulation results for management scenarios revealed multifaceted influences on fish survival, including Delta flow, flow at key junctions, route alterations, seasons, and water availability characteristics. Importantly, these results highlight ECO-PTM’s potential to predict fish survival outcomes of proposed actions, serving as a foundation for informed future research, decision-making, and effective management strategies to enhance the survival prospects of outmigrating salmonids within the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta ecosystem.

Genetic engineering of RuBisCO by multiplex CRISPR editing small subunits in rice.

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) is required for photosynthetic carbon assimilation, as it catalyses the conversion of inorganic carbon into organic carbon. Despite its importance, RuBisCO is inefficient; it has a low catalytic rate and poor substrate specificity. Improving the catalytic performance of RuBisCO is one of the key routes for enhancing plant photosynthesis. As the basic subunit of RuBisCO, RbcS affects the catalytic properties and plays a key role in stabilizing the structure of holoenzyme. Yet, the understanding of functions of RbcS in crops is still largely unknown. Toward this end, we employed CRISPR-Cas9 technology to randomly edit five rbcS genes in rice (OsrbcS1-5), generating a series of knockout mutants. The mutations of predominant rbcS genes in rice photosynthetic tissues, OsrbcS2-5, conferred inhibited growth, delayed heading and reduced yield in the field conditions, accompanying with lower RuBisCO contents and activities and significantly reduced photosynthetic efficiency. The retarded phenotypes were severer caused by multiple mutations. In addition, we revealed that these mutants had fewer chloroplasts and starch grains and a lower sugar content in the shoot base, resulting in fewer rice tillers. Further structural analysis of the mutated RuBisCO enzyme in one rbcs2,3,5 mutant line uncovered no significant differences from the wild-type protein, indicating that the mutations of rbcS did not compromise the protein assembly or the structure. Our findings generated a mutant pool with genetic diversities, which offers a valuable resource and novel insights into unravelling the mechanisms of RuBisCO in rice. The multiplex genetic engineering approach of this study provides an effective and feasible strategy for RuBisCO modification in crops, further facilitate the photosynthesis improvement and sustainable crop production.

Overexpression of GFP Fusions of Regulators of the SAC from Arabidopsis thaliana.

Cell division is a fundamental biological process, essential for sustaining life on Earth. Accurate replication followed by uniform segregation of the genome is required to ensure cell division is sustainable and reduces the likelihood of aneuploidy. The cell cycle has various checkpoints to safeguard proper replication, for example, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) which ensures that all chromosomes are correctly aligned and attached to the spindle, before the transition to anaphase. The precise function of the SAC and SAC components in plants is so far unclear. First, the high level of polyploidy in plants raises concerns about the efficacy of the SAC. Second, many plant SAC components are implicated in other cellular processes, such as MAD1, which has been implicated in the reproductive transition of Arabidopsis thaliana. Overexpression of GFP fusions of core SAC components provides a key route to establish the functions of the different SAC components in plants. Here we describe two methods for agrobacterium-mediated transformation of plants.

Review of Opportunities and Challenges in China-Afghanistan Relations Post-U.S. Withdrawal

The relationship between China and Afghanistan has witnessed significant changes over the years, encompassing various political, economic, and security dimensions. Afghanistan&amp;apos;s strategic location as a bridge between Central and South Asia holds particular significance for China, serving as a key transit route for infrastructure projects like the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), and others. Additionally, Afghanistan&amp;apos;s rich mineral reserves, including copper, oil, and lithium, are particularly attractive to China, especially for its technology and electronics manufacturing industries. Therefore, despite these attractions, China seeks to establish peace and stability in Afghanistan to enable the country to serve as a reliable economic and trade partner. However, despite the opportunities present in bilateral relations, the unstable security situation in Afghanistan, especially after the withdrawal of international forces, the presence of regional powers like India, Pakistan, and Iran, and their competition for influence in Afghanistan, along with security concerns, represent significant challenges that could impact bilateral relations. This article uses a descriptive library-based method to address the question: What opportunities and challenges exist in China-Afghanistan relations, and how can both countries manage these challenges to capitalize on opportunities to strengthen bilateral cooperation? It is assumed that China and Afghanistan, by leveraging economic opportunities stemming from Afghanistan&amp;apos;s natural resources and joint infrastructure projects, can strengthen their relations, provided both countries manage security challenges and regional competition wisely to ensure the necessary stability for such cooperation.

Migration and state expansion: Archaeological and biochemical evidence from Pataraya, a wari outpost in Nasca, Peru (A.D. 650–1000)

This paper reports on the results of archaeological excavations at the cemetery sector of the Middle Horizon (AD 650–1000) Wari site of Pataraya, located in the middle Nasca valley of southern Peru, and biochemical analyses of human skeletal remains recovered during those excavations. The findings reported here demonstrate that the sharp differences in cultural practice between Pataraya’s occupants and local traditions leading up to the Middle Horizon are echoed in noticeable isotopic differences in the biochemistry of its burial population. We explore the implications of these findings in the context of an uneven and unequal political landscape created by, and responding to, both overt Wari imperialism and the consequences of unprecedented regional interaction. We conclude that these data support previous conclusions drawn from other archaeological evidence that the site is formed from the remains of a Wari state colony. Pataraya’s inhabitants served an explicitly political function in the administration of a key transportation route between the Wari heartland and this distant province, roles that may have been filled by newcomers to the area or from elsewhere in the Nasca valley itself.

Global dynamics of functional composition in CITES-traded reptiles.

Global wildlife trade is a billion-dollar industry, with millions of individuals traded annually from a diversity of taxa, many of which are directly threatened by trade. Reptiles exhibiting desirable life-history or aesthetic traits, such as large body sizes or colorful morphologies, are traded preferentially. A key issue is understanding geographic and temporal variation between desirable species traits and their trade. Poor understanding of this can generalize patterns of consumer trait preferences and conceal functional consequences of wild harvest in ecosystems. Using records of legal, international trade in Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)-listed reptiles between 2000 and 2020, we examine geographic and temporal variation in the functional composition of traded assemblages, both captive- and wild-sourced, identifying key hotspots and routes of functional diversity in trade. We also identify associations between functional traits and species presence in trade. We find that functionally diverse trade assemblages are exported primarily from the tropics, with hotspots in sub-Saharan Africa, and imported across Asia, Europe, and North America. Patterns of functional composition in trade remained broadly stable from 2000 to 2020. Globally, the species most likely to be traded were large, fecund, generalists. Sustained wild harvest of functionally diverse reptilian assemblages in trade hotspots, such as Madagascar and Indonesia, places substantial pressure on large-bodied reptiles that fulfill important ecological functions, including population control and nutrient cycling, while also endangering harvest-vulnerable species with slow life histories. Despite limited species-specific descriptions of reptilian ecological functions, management in harvest hotspots can safeguard ecosystem functioning by prioritizing protection for threatened species that contribute disproportionately to local and regional functional diversity.

Main path analysis: a methodological framework for knowledge diffusion trajectories in scientometrics studies

Purpose The purpose of this study is to propose an analytical framework for generating main path analysis (MPA) and demonstrate the process involved in identifying, analyzing the MPA on a citation network and empirically testing in the research field chromosome anomalies (CA). Design/methodology/approach The proposed methodological structure involves five phases of the process. Search path method is used to measure the weights of each citation link from a source vertex to a sink vertex. The key route local main path and global main path are generated to identify the knowledge diffusion trajectories and validated by cross-referencing with existing literature, co-citation analysis and centrality measures of social network analysis. Findings The empirical validation of this framework within CA research demonstrates its potential for tracing knowledge diffusion and technological development trajectories over three decades. This approach elucidates two major intellectual knowledge flows. The first key-route main path identified the primary diagnostic protocols. The second key-route main path revealed that cancer or carcinogenesis is identified as one of the mainstream of CA. Research limitations/implications The limitations of the data and coverage period restrict the scope of this study. MPA was applied exclusively to the most influential sub network and disregarded other sub networks. MPA identified the seminal papers that provided a historical development in diagnostic protocol and their interconnectedness of disorders and diseases. This helps the researchers to develop targeted therapies and interventions, especially in cancer treatment. Social implications Exploiting MPA on CA research provides valuable insights to stakeholders in developing evidence-based public health policies. This is crucial for preventing the birth of children with birth defects or genetic diseases, promoting public health and reducing the socioeconomic burden on a country through enhanced surveillance and prevention efforts. Originality/value The study suggests that in addition to traditional scientometrics measures, MPA can be used to trace the evolution of knowledge and technological advancements. It also highlights the role of social network analysis measures in extracting main paths.

Addressing the urban congestion challenge based on traffic bottlenecks.

Historically, urban congestion and street life quality depended on city network hierarchies, shaped by land use and street layout. Yet navigation apps have shifted focus to travel time as the key route selection factor, challenging traditional urban structures. We review the development of an innovative approach to urban traffic management that leverages real-time data for the identification and analysis of traffic bottlenecks. This approach, combined with urban planning, aims to improve traffic flow and tackle modern urban challenges. It includes real-time bottleneck detection and cost, congestion analysis and designing a decentralized traffic management system that can serve planners. Based on complex system principles, it promises dynamic traffic optimization, merging urban planning with digital advancements. The research demonstrates the potential of different applications of the proposed methodologies to predict significant congestion from early bottleneck formation, offering urban planners a powerful toolset for reasserting their role in shaping the urban experience. This article posits that a nuanced understanding of traffic dynamics, coupled with advanced traffic management technologies, can restore the influence of urban planning in the digital era, fostering more liveable, equitable and efficient urban environments. This article is part of the theme issue 'Co-creating the future: participatory cities and digital governance'.

Nutrition and health claims on fibre; consumer perceptions, understanding and behavior

The importance of dietary fibre consumption for health is widely recognised. However, there is a clear ‘fibre gap’ between actual and recommended fibre consumption(1,2). In the UK, average fibre intake is 18g(1). Fibre intake increases in relation to income, with fibre consumption particularly low in low-income households(3). The absence of a UK reference intake value for dietary fibre means nutrition and health claims are a key route for food manufacturers to promote dietary fibre to consumers(4). The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between perception of valence and understanding of approved fibre related nutrition and health claims, and marketing messages, and the intention to purchase products displaying these claims or messages.An online survey was used to examine perception of valence and understanding of fibre-related nutrition and health claims, and any effects these claims, and other marketing messages related to fibre have on intention to purchase products, amongst the general population and individuals on a lower income in the UK. Data was collected from 560 respondents, with 84 classified as lowincome, based on an annual household income of below £17,100(5). Chi-squared tests were performed to examine associations, with post-hoc tests applied as appropriate.Perception of valence was found to be significantly associated with intent to purchase for all the health and nutrition claims that were tested (p&lt;0.001), such that participants who perceived a claim or term to be positive, were more likely to report that they would purchase a product displaying the claim. Three of the eight nutrition claims that were tested demonstrated a significant association between understanding and perception of valence (p&lt;0.01), with only two demonstrating a significant association between understanding and intent to purchase (p&lt;0.05). All four of the health messages that were tested demonstrated a significant association between perception of valence and intent to purchase (p&lt;0.001), three demonstrated a significant association between understanding/interpretation and perception of valence (p&lt;0.01), and two demonstrated a significant association between understanding/interpretation and intent to purchase (p&lt;0.05). Thus, for many of the health claims and some health messages that were tested, there was no evidence to suggest that participants who understood the meaning of the claims would be more likely to perceive them positively or be more inclined to purchase a product displaying the claim or message.Regardless of consumer understanding, claims must be perceived positively to significantly impact intent to purchase, so effort must be made to promote positive attitudes towards dietary fibre, and its associated health benefits. The wording of some claims may not be conducive to positive perceptions of dietary fibre.

USE OF UNMANNED TRANSPORTATION VEHICLES IN DELIVERY OF ROLLED METAL PRODUCTS AND NAVIGATION PROBLEMS

The article offers a comprehensive analysis of unmanned automotive vehicles in logistics, focusing particularly on the transportation of rolled steel products. It discusses key aspects of integrating and operating UAVs, highlighting their economic efficiency, safety, and environmental sustainability. Current safety issues in transporting rolled steel, including cargo securing methods and inertial force considerations, are thoroughly examined. Detailed insights into modern navigation technologies and safety systems like LiDAR and radars applied in unmanned vehicles are provided. Additionally, the article presents data on leading Russian companies in UAV development and implementation, such as Evocargo, KamAZ, SberAutoTech, and Starline, detailing their achievements and prospects in this field. Purpose. An investigation into the present status and future prospects of employing unmanned vehicles in logistics, with a specific focus on transporting rolled steel products. Methodology. Conducting an analysis of regulatory documents and standards, examining practical experience and case studies, performing a comparative analysis of navigation technologies, and engaging in theoretical analysis and synthesis. Results. For successful integration of unmanned vehicles into the delivery of rolled steel products, it is recommended to launch pilot projects on key routes, develop infrastructure for charging and refueling stations, establish regulatory frameworks, and collaborate with industry partners. Practical implications. The results are advantageous for entities engaged in the logistics and transportation of rolled steel products. Integrating unmanned vehicles can enhance delivery efficiency and safety, as well as reduce CO₂ emissions, which are critical for sustainable development and cost reduction.

Effective Components and Molecular Mechanism of Biejiaruangan Capsule Against Liver Fibrosis: High-resolution Mass Spectrometry, Network Pharmacological Analysis and Experimental Verification.

Biejiaruangan capsule (BJRGC) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine preparation for treating oftreating liver fibrosis (LF), but its specific molecular mechanism is unclear. This study used mass spectrometry, network pharmacology and experimental verification to explore the mechanism of BJRGC against LF. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-exactive-orbitrap-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS) and network pharmacology were employed to identify and screen the potential components, targets, and signaling pathways of BJRGC against LF. The interaction between the active ingredients and targets was validated using molecular docking. Finally, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EDU) staining, western blotting (WB), and flow cytometry (FCM) were utilized to further verify the mechanism of BJRGC against LF. A total of 9 prototype components of BJRGC were identified in serum, most derived from iridoid glycosides and triterpenes in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and Artemisia scoparia Waldst.et Kit. Network pharmacology predicts that medicine prototype components in serum mostly influence targets such as CDK2, CDK6, and PIK3CG, with the key route being the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Molecular docking showed that the major components have good binding properties with key target proteins. The experimental results showed that BJRGC could inhibit the proliferation of HSCs, induce cell cycle arrest and reduce the protein expression of CDK2, CDK6 and PIK3CG. BJRGC can inhibit the proliferation of HSCs by targeting the protein expression of CDK2, CDK6, and PIK3CG in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through its prototype components, such as hyperoside, tumulosic acid, and hederagenin, thereby alleviating LF disease.

Main routes and attractions of Crimea in the sphere of art tourism

This article examines the key routes and attractions of Crimea, which play a significant role in the development of art tourism on the peninsula. Crimea, with its rich historical and cultural heritage, attracts artists, writers and art lovers from all over the world. In the article, we analyze the most interesting points, such as: Bakhchisarai, Yalta, Sevastopol and Simferopol, where art galleries, museums, plein airs and cultural events are concentrated. Particular attention is paid to places of nature that inspired famous artists, as well as modern art spaces that contribute to the development of creative initiatives. During the study, we note the impact of art tourism on the economy of the region and its potential for the sustainable development of the cultural environment of Crimea. The article also includes recommendations for organizing cultural routes for tourists, taking into account the artistic context, which contributes to immersion in the unique atmosphere of Crimean art.

Student mobility in Southern Italy: An empirical analysis of preferential patterns

This paper presents an empirical analysis aimed at identifying chain migration patterns among university students from Sicily, Sardinia, and Apulia. Utilizing data from the national archive of university students enrolled in an Italian university from 2008 to 2017, we construct origin–destination matrixes and calculate residuals from a log-linear model to detect key student routes. Positive residuals between specific origin–destination pairs that persist over time can suggest significant attraction and potential chain migration. The results support a “large to large” and “small to small” city mobility model, particularly for Sicily and Sardinia. Students from Palermo, Catania, Messina, and Cagliari show strong connections with large cities such as Rome and Milan. Furthermore, results show historical links between Sardinia and Tuscany date back to the 1950s, and the enduring connections between Apulian students and universities in Emilia-Romagna, Veneto, and Lombardy have been evident since the 1970s. In Sicily, mobility patterns towards the Polytechnic of Turin began in the 1970s and persist today. These patterns underscore the influence of prior migrants on the mobility decisions of university students in Southern Italy, highlighting a potential chain migration effect.

The Spatial Geographies of Women Urban Runners

ABSTRACT Taking the northern suburbs of Melbourne, Australia, as a case study, we researched the running experiences of women through a feminist geography lens. Interviews with runners informed the design and interpretation of a spatial analysis of women’s running patterns in Strava Metro data. Our study showed how women runners are limited in where they run, and illuminated features of urban environments that can contribute to gendered limitations running women experience. Our approach took us beyond critiques of park management (e.g. lighting, toilets, trail surface), to eventually form findings about how urban form influences the spatial geographies of women runners. HIGHLIGHTS Women restrict where they run alone more than men do because of fear of being attacked by a man, avoiding isolated places in particular. Running is an activity in which women can feel at their most vulnerable in urban public space, as they are often alone, outside beyond daylight hours, and are seeking soft surfaced paths away from motor traffic, places where real-life passive surveillance is usually lower. Gendered differences in the use of urban space by runners can be observed in Strava Metro data. A key feature of women’s running route decision-making is that women will avoid and seek certain places based on how many other people they expect to be present there. Women runners benefit from urban forms which encourage high pedestrian activity, including medium-high urban density and pedestrian prioritised links to greenspaces that are separated from key traffic routes.