Key Sources Of Risk Research Articles

Risk Management of Green Bean Farming Production in Gluranploso Village, Gresik District

Green beans are the most important food crop in Indonesia and production continues to increase to meet domestic demand. However, production is still insufficient due to several risks faced by farmers. This research analyzes the risk management of green bean production in Gluranploso Village using the Coefficient of Variation (KV) and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) methods. The results showed that yield variation was relatively low with a KV value of 17%, indicating good yield stability. The FMEA analysis identified four main sources of risk affecting production: seed aspect with an RPN value of 5.808, weather with an RPN value of 7.04, pests and diseases with an RPN value of 12.936, and technical aspects with an RPN value of 47.88, particularly delays in pest and disease control spraying. In addition, the market aspect is also a source of risk with the largest value in the increase in production input prices at 12.288. These sources require special attention in risk management. The study concludes that the implementation of appropriate risk management strategies, focusing on the identified key risk sources, can help farmers improve yield stability and farm profitability. These strategies include improving seed quality, mitigating weather risks, controlling pests and diseases, and improving technical procedures in cultivation and market risks. Thus, effective risk management can be key in increasing the productivity and sustainability of green bean farming in Gluranploso village.

A Two-Stage Bayesian Network Approach to Inland Waterway Navigation Risk Assessment Considering the Characteristics of Different River Segments: A Case of the Yangtze River

Identifying the main sources of risk for different types of waterways helps to develop targeted risk control strategies for different river segments. To improve the level of risk management in inland waterways for sustainable development, a two-stage risk evaluation model is proposed in this study by integrating a fuzzy rule base and Bayesian networks. The model evaluates risk sources from the following four dimensions: probability of occurrence, visibility, probability of causing accidents, and consequences. Typical river sections in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were selected as cases, and 19 risk sources were identified and comparatively analyzed from the perspectives of humans, ships, the environment, and management. The fuzzy rule base is employed to compare expert opinions, yielding three key risk sources for each section based on their risk values. The findings reveal certain commonalities in the principal risk sources across sections. For example, natural disasters (landslides, earthquakes, and extreme hydrological conditions) are present in both the middle and lower reaches, and an insufficient channel width is common in the upper and middle reaches. However, the key risk sources differ among the sections. The upper reaches are primarily threatened by the improper management of affiliated vessels and adverse weather, while the middle reaches suffer from insufficient channel width surplus, and the lower reaches are mainly threatened by high vessel traffic density and low-quality crews. The results of the study show that the key risk sources in each section of the Yangtze River have obvious differences and need to be assessed according to the characteristics of different sections. This study can provide a reference for decision-making in inland waterway risk management by maritime safety authorities.

Risk identification and management through knowledge Association: A financial event evolution knowledge graph approach

The spread and evolution of financial risk events have endangered the operation of enterprises and financial institutions, and even strike the whole social credit system. To clarify the path of risk events and identify key risk sources by event association, we propose and construct a novel event-driven knowledge graph called “Financial Event Evolution Knowledge Graph (FEEKG)”, with a multi-layer structure of “entity-event-risk”. In the entity layer, the subgraph of about 112,000 entities and 78,500 relationships (including 6 types of entities and 12 types of relations) is constructed based on the event extraction algorithm and topic model. In the event layer, the evolution relationship scores higher than 0.2 is selected as the edge of the event evolution subgraph. The risk layer takes 23 types of topic risk events and 12 types of second-level risk types as nodes and risk transition relations as edges, to generate the dynamic evolution probability subgraphs of topic risk events and risk types. Driven by risk events, we also analyze the characters and rules of entity correlation, event evolution, and risk transmission based on FEEKG; propose a new method for timely mining potential related risk entities and effectively summarizing the regularity of risk evolution and transmission and provide a new perspective for enterprises and financial institutions to find the root of risks and formulate an effective risk management decision in time.

Localized regional environmental risk in mountainous urban areas of Southwest China: identification, assessment, and management strategies in Kunming.

In recent decades, the escalating frequency of environmental risk events, arising from sources such as industrial accidents, chemical spills, or other anthropogenic activities, has intensified threats to the ecological environment. The targeted identification of high-risk areas, formulation of control lists for key risk sources within regions, and the implementation of differentiated management strategies remain significant challenges. This study employed an administrative region environmental risk assessment and gridded environmental risk analysis method to comprehensively evaluate the environmental risks in the city of Kunming, China. The results indicated a fourfold increase in the number of environmental risk sources from 2012 to 2022. The sources were found to be widely distributed across the entire region but exhibited localized clustering. The environmental risk receptors were primarily concentrated around a local lake, in densely populated counties, and near rivers and drinking water sources. Risk hotspot areas within the target region were identified using the gridded environmental risk analysis method. A list of 29 key control areas was proposed, including nine industrial parks and 20 streets. Measures were proposed for handling unexpected incidents. The findings provide data useful for policy formulation and environmental management in similar regions of mountainous cities.

Research on key risk chain mining method for urban rail transit operations: A new approach to risk management

To ensure the safety of urban rail transit operations and uncover the transmission dynamics of risk sources, a key risk chain mining method for urban rail transit operation is proposed. Firstly, the H-Apriori association rule algorithm is proposed for the characteristics of low frequency but high riskiness of high hazard degree risk sources in urban rail transit operation, which adds a new hazard degree evaluation index to the traditional Apriori algorithm and couples with support degree two-dimensionally to mine the strong association rules among risk sources. Secondly, we construct a weighted risk network with risk sources as network nodes and strong association rules as network edges, and propose a key risk chain mining method for urban rail transit operation based on path search theory to mine key risk chains from the weighted risk network. Finally, using the actual urban rail transit operation data of a city in China as an example, a total of 17 key risk chains are mined, and then 5 key risk sources and 8 key chain break locations are obtained by riskiness and frequency analysis of key risk chains, and control plans are proposed. The research outcomes introduce a novel approach to mining risk chains in urban rail transit operations, shedding light on the propagation mechanisms, triggering probabilities, and degrees of unsafety associated with risk sources. The results not only provide theoretical support but also offer methodological guidance for pinpointing locations of risk chain breaks and refining the control of risk sources.

Quantification analysis of potential risk in railway accidents: A new random walk based approach

Safety and efficiency are the fundamental goals to improve the transportation capacity and service level of railway system. Moreover, the accurate description and in-depth exploration of potential risks are essential in reducing the railway accidents. However, there have been limited publications that focus on quantitatively analyzing the potential risk of railway accidents by using the random walk method. In this paper, a new random walk method named Comprehensive-Biased Random Walk with Different Restart (CBDRWR) is proposed in analyzing the potential risk of railway accident generation process. Combined with the established accident causation network, we give each node a different restart probability and comprehensively improve the biased transition probabilities. According to the solution algorithm of CBDRWR equation, we propose four evaluation indexes for quantifying and analyzing the potential risk of accident occurrence. In the case study, the proposed method is used to analyze the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) dataset. The experimental results verify that the proposed method can effectively quantify the potential risk and quickly locate the key risk sources. Resultantly, this research can provide an accurate, scientific and reasonable basis for railway accident prevention and rescue.

РОЗВИТОК НОВИХ ПІДХОДІВ ДО МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПРОЦЕСІВ ДІАГНОСТИКИ ТА АНАЛІЗУ РИЗИКІВ В ІТ КОМПАНІЯХ

The article considers the topical issue of developing new approaches to modeling the processes of diagnostics and risk analysis in IT companies. The rapid technological progress of recent years necessitates innovative risk management methods. The authors highlight that conventional risk assessment methods often fail to account for the swift changes within the IT sector and may prove inadequate for dynamic environments. Consequently, the task at hand involves formulating and adapting new risk modeling approaches that consider the specific nature of the IT industry and propose enhancements to risk management. The article underscores that one of the primary sources of risk for IT companies is the rapid technological progress within the IT realm. Novel technologies frequently employed by IT companies can be less predictable and stable compared to those utilized by traditional businesses. Conventional risk models, founded on historical statistical data, may be ill-suited for such dynamic environments, necessitating fresh approaches to modeling technological and innovative risks. Within the article, three key risk sources within the IT domain are examined: rapid technological progress, cybersecurity threats, and the need to handle extensive data volumes. The main risks associated with these factors are described, highlighting the need for developing new approaches to their modeling. Emphasis is placed on cybersecurity and cyberattacks, which present significant threats to IT companies. Thus, particular attention is dedicated to the economic-mathematical modeling of cyber risks, avenues of research in this field, and effective risk management. The authors underscore the importance of leveraging cutting-edge technologies, notably artificial intelligence, in modeling risks for IT companies. The article demonstrates how the utilization of new risk modeling methods can assist in identifying potential threats and devising effective measures for prevention. As a result of this research, it is affirmed that the development of innovative risk modeling approaches in IT companies holds substantial potential for ensuring business resilience.

What are the effects of different elements of media on radicalization outcomes? A systematic review.

Most national counter-radicalization strategies identify the media, and particularly the Internet as key sources of risk for radicalization. However, the magnitude of the relationships between different types of media usage and radicalization remains unknown. Additionally, whether Internet-related risk factors do indeed have greater impacts than other forms of media remain another unknown. Overall, despite extensive research of media effects in criminology, the relationship between media and radicalization has not been systematically investigated. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to (1) identify and synthesize the effects of different media-related risk factors at the individual level, (2) identify the relative magnitudes of the effect sizes for the different risk factors, and (3) compare the effects between outcomes of cognitive and behavioral radicalization. The review also sought to examine sources of heterogeneity between different radicalizing ideologies. Electronic searches were carried out in several relevant databases and inclusion decisions were guided by a published review protocol. In addition to these searches, leading researchers were contacted to try and identify unpublished or unidentified research. Hand searches of previously published reviews and research were also used to supplement the database searches. Searches were carried out until August 2020. The review included quantitative studies that examined at least one media-related risk factor (such as exposure to, or usage of a particular medium or mediated content) and its relationship to either cognitive or behavioral radicalization at the individual level. Random-effects meta-analysis was used for each risk factor individually and risk factors were arranged in rank-order. Heterogeneity was explored using a combination of moderator analysis, meta-regression, and sub-group analysis. The review included 4 experimental and 49 observational studies. Most of the studies were judged to be of low quality and suffer from multiple, potential sources of bias. From the included studies, effect sizes pertaining to 23 media-related risk factors were identified and analyzed for the outcome of cognitive radicalization, and two risk factors for the outcome of behavioral radicalization. Experimental evidence demonstrated that mere exposure to media theorized to increase cognitive radicalization was associated with a small increase in risk (g = 0.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-0.03, 19]). A slightly larger estimate was observed for those high in trait aggression (g = 0.13, 95% CI [0.01, 0.25]). Evidence from observational studies shows that for cognitive radicalization, risk factors such as television usage have no effect (r = 0.01, 95% CI [-0.06, 0.09]). However, passive (r = 0.24, 95% CI [0.18, 0.31]) and active (r = 0.22, 95% CI [0.15, 0.29]) forms of exposure to radical content online demonstrate small but potentially meaningful relationships. Similar sized estimates for passive (r = 0.23, 95% CI [0.12, 0.33]) and active (r = 0.28, 95% CI [0.21, 0.36]) forms of exposure to radical content online were found for the outcome of behavioral radicalization. Relative to other known risk factors for cognitive radicalization, even the most salient of the media-related risk factors have comparatively small estimates. However, compared to other known risk factors for behavioral radicalization, passive and active forms of exposure to radical content online have relatively large and robust estimates. Overall, exposure to radical content online appears to have a larger relationship with radicalization than other media-related risk factors, and the impact of this relationship is most pronounced for behavioral outcomes of radicalization. While these results may support policy-makers' focus on the Internet in the context of combatting radicalization, the quality of the evidence is low and more robust study designs are needed to enable the drawing of firmer conclusions.

Denmark: 2022 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Alternate Executive Director for Denmark

The strength of the economic recovery bodes well for the rebound in activity to persist, but uncertainty remains high due to the war in Ukraine and the pandemic, with risks tilted to the downside. With employment above pre-pandemic levels, however, labor market pressures have increased. High energy prices have propelled inflation to a historic high. The current account remains elevated. High household debt constitutes a key source of risk as house price growth remains strong.

Diagnosis of Critical Risk Sources in the Operation Safety of the Central Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion Based on the Improved FMEA Method

For the inaccurate description of the failure level in the traditional failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) method, the research uses the fuzzy evidence reasoning theory to improve the traditional failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) method. Based on the subjective weight determined by the analytic hierarchy process and the objective weight determined by the gray correlation degree method, we get the combined weight of risk factors through the principle of minimum discrimination information. Combined with the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), an improved risk sequence number (IRPN) method was proposed to diagnose the key risk sources. In the case study on a canal section of the Central Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion in Henan, the key risk factors for the operation safety of the project are identified as rainstorm and flood, geological conditions, geological disasters, and design safety coefficient, and the corresponding prevention measures are put forward to provide help for the safe operation of the Central Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion.

Developing a holistic fuzzy hierarchy-cloud assessment model for the connection risk of renewable energy microgrid

Grid-connection of renewable energy microgrids (GCREM) is an important form of promoting the use of clean and renewable energy (RE). However, GCREM will bring huge risks to the power grid. Accurate evaluation and control of risks are critical to the development of GCREM. The existing research is not deep and comprehensive enough to make a reliable evaluation on the risks. The current study proposes a new evaluation framework based on the unit decomposition of the system of GCREM, and then builds a holistic fuzzy hierarchy-cloud assessment model for the risks. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) decomposes GCREM risks to each functional unit of the system, and clarifies the risk transmission between the units within the system; (2) improves the accuracy of weighting risk variables based on interval type-2 fuzzy method; (3) realizes the visibility of risk evaluation and a prior judgment on its effectiveness; (4) establishes a 5-dimensional risk evaluation system of GCREM for the first time, which achieved full coverage of risk variables without the overlap between dimensions. The empirical analyses show that our model can not only assess the overall risk level of GCREM, but also identify key risk sources.

Interactions among the human and organizational factors within the public sector regarding epidemic prevention and control.

The management of human and organizational factors (HOFs) within the public sector directly concerns the efficacy of epidemic prevention and control (EPC). Insufficient examination of such HOFs has led to defective countermeasures. This study attempts to comprehensively identify the HOFs within the public sector critical to EPC and investigate their interactions with the weighted network theory. A total of 55 HOFs were identified, and their interactions were assessed and visualized in the Chinese context. Then, the established weighted network was analyzed to investigate the interactions and diagnose critical factors and sectors. The analysis shows that there are strong interactions among HOFs, and that the human and organizational risks emerging from administrative departments of public health, centers for disease control and prevention, and medical institutions act as the key risk sources in the complex interconnected EPC system, exacerbating risk and causing a significant domino effect. It is recommended that the authorities devote more resources to the core sectors and endeavor to reinforce those critical HOFs by implementing closer risk communication, collaboration, and response. This study may deepen and broaden the authorities' awareness and understanding of interactions among HOFs regarding epidemic mitigation, and strengthen their capacity to perceive, evaluate, and manage these factors in a proactive and effective way, thereby facilitating the success of EPC.

Risk sources quantitative appointment of ecological environment and human health in farmland soils: a case study on Jiuyuan District in China.

Heavy metals (HMs) in farmland soils lead to adverse influences on ecosystem and human health. Despite that, data on quantitative risk from different sources are still scarce. In this study, 100 farmland soil samples in Jiuyuan District were collected and analyzed for selected HMs (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) content characteristics and pollution statuses. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model combined with the Nemerow integrated risk index (NIRI) and human health risk assessment (HHRA) was used to quantitatively identify the primary risk sources. The results indicated that the mean contents or median values (mg/kg) of 10 HMs were all higher than the background values. The contamination factor (CF) and pollution load index (PLI) revealed that the soil was severely polluted. Based on PMF, the main source of HM pollution was anthropogenic activities, accounting for 78.91%. Sewage irrigation represented the biggest input but was not associated with the highest risk. The results of PMF-based NIRI and PMF-based HHRA showed that the chemical fertilizers and pesticides were the largest and priority risk sources with contribution rates of 38.10% to ecological risk and 34.61 and 32.82% to non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk, respectively. In addition, non-carcinogenic risk of children was higher than that of adults, while the carcinogenic risk was the opposite. The integrated approaches were beneficial for priority risk quantification from different sources and can provide direct risk information and effective policy recommendations for management and control of key risk sources.

Development of a new framework to estimate the environmental risk of heavy metal(loid)s focusing on the spatial heterogeneity of the industrial layout

Industrialization and urbanization have increased the risk of heavy metal(loid)s coming from a wide range of pathways and processes. Regional environmental risk assessment mainly focuses on the regional functional layout, industrial orientation, and enterprise location. These aspects may generate immense environmental risks and hazards. However, many gaps in regional environmental risk assessment remain, particularly concerning the spatial heterogeneity of environmental processes and mechanisms affected by the industrial layout. Most of the risk estimation often neglected the risk factor interaction. Here, we developed a framework to estimate the environmental risk of heavy metal(loid)s focusing on the spatial heterogeneity of the industrial layout. This framework was operationalized by performing an integrated risk detection of heavy metal(loid)s, spatial heterogeneity identification of the industrial layout, the power of risk factors and factor interaction examination, risk factor condition quantification and key risk source apportionment. Shaoguan city, one of six trial zones for China's pollution prevention and control of heavy metal(loid)s, was taken as a case study. Among all of the natural and socioeconomic factors, the running time of the industry was the most important risk factor of the Cd, As and Pb in soil and rice in all subregions. These subregions were divided based on the spatial heterogeneity of the industrial layout. The threshold of the running time of the industry for soil Cd was 11.97 years. The power of other dominant risk factors was different in different subregions, and the joint risk of the dominant risk factors was larger than the single risk of the running time of the industry. Our results suggest that the environmental risk of heavy metal(loid)s in Shaoguan could be mitigated by adjusting the industrial structure and controlling the running time of enterprises. Our study also indicates that estimating the regional environmental risk of heavy metal(loid)s focusing on the spatial heterogeneity of the industrial layout can help define specific strategies to achieve environmentally friendly industrial development.

Research on risk assessment of offshore supply vessels carrying dangerous cargoes

In view of the lack of effective quantitative risk of dangerous cargoes carried by offshore supply vessels under the influence of multi-level, multi-variable and non-quantitative factors, the paper adopts the multi-level fuzzy comprehensive assessment method to screen the key risk sources of dangerous cargoes carried by offshore supply vessels, and has respectively constructed the risk possibility and hazard consequence assessment index systems and carried out the risk classification calculation. Through the calculation of the risk of carrying dangerous cargoes on an offshore supply vessel in Bohai Sea, the results show that the risk possibility of the supply vessel is medium to low level, the hazard consequence is medium to high level, and the comprehensive risk level is medium. Therefore, the minimum reasonable and feasible ALARP principle should be followed to reduce the risk. The assessment method can judge the risk level of dangerous cargoes carried by offshore supply vessels and provide technical support for emergency response of offshore supply vessels.

Behavioural factors of Dutch pig producers related to control of toxoplasma gondii infections in pigs

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a food safety hazard which causes a substantial human disease burden. Infected pig meat is a common risk source of toxoplasmosis. Therefore, it is important to control T. gondii infections in pigs. Improving farm management to control the introduction risk likely contributes to that aim. A pig producer only implements control measures when he or she is aware of the underlying problem, wants to solve it, and is able to solve it. If a pig producer is not implementing appropriate control measures, behavioural change interventions can be introduced to overcome constraining behavioural factors. To aid in designing behaviour change interventions, this study analysed behavioural factors of Dutch pig producers in terms of capability, opportunity and motivation to control T. gondii infections in pigs. Key risk sources analysed focused on the life cycle of T. gondii, with cats as primary host, rodents as intermediate host, and uncovered feed as an important risk source. A survey was conducted among Dutch pig producers. Responses were analysed using descriptive and cluster analysis. Results showed that around 80% of the 67 responding pig producers was aware of key risk sources of T. gondii infections in pigs. Respondents also rated risk sources that are not known to increase the risk of T. gondii infections in pigs as somewhat important. Many respondents did not know about potential consequences of a T. gondii infection in pigs on human health. Two third expected some impact on pig performance, which is incorrect because T. gondii generally does not make pigs ill. Most respondents indicated to have the motivation and opportunity to control the risk sources cats, rodents and uncovered feed. Three pig producer clusters were identified: one with higher capability to control rodents, one with lower motivation to control rodents and cats and to cover feed storages, and one with lower scores on the importance of rodent control for pigs, human health and farm profit. We conclude that, although many pig producers have knowledge about risk sources for and consequences of T. gondii infections in pigs, the public health impact and risks of T. gondii infections in pigs are not yet common knowledge among all Dutch pig producers. Furthermore, Dutch pig producers differ in opportunity and motivation to control T. gondii infections. Targeted interventions to address these specific constraining behavioural factors can help to improve the control of T. gondii infections in pigs.

Analysis and Design Optimization of Collapse Characteristics of Taojiakuang Tunnel Entrance Section

As a key risk source for tunnel engineering, the entrance section of tunnel is extremely easy to collapse. By analyzing the collapse of the entrance section of Taojiakuang Tunnel, the deformation characteristics before the tunnel collapsed were obtained. From the aspects of construction method and advanced support, three kinds of working conditions were considered to optimize the original design. From the perspective of safety and economy, the original advanced support design is unreasonable, and the conversion of the center cross diagram method to the center diagram method is not appropriate. For construction of tunnel entrances in weak broken rock, it is necessary to use the appropriate excavation method. When changing construction method, it is necessary to carry out sufficient demonstration and then re-construction to prevent the initial deformation of the surrounding rock from being too large and causing the tunnel to collapse. When encountering a weak broken zone, especially a rock formation boundary, it is necessary to increase the length of the advance support. The study provides a technical reference for similar projects.

Denmark

The solid performance of the economy continues to be supported by domestic demand and labor market pressures are gradually building. The current account surplus is declining amid higher investment. The outlook is for continued growth with risks tilted to the downside. While overall house price growth has started to soften, elevated household debt remains a key source of risk. Banks are sound and profitable.

Research on the construction risk control technology of shield tunnel underneath an operational railway in sand pebble formation: a case study

It’s inevitable that, various types of construction works emerge within proximity during the large-scale construction of urban rail transit, thus posing huge challenges for the actual construction. In this paper, a minute study on the construction risk control of shield tunneling beneath the existing railroads relying on a practical engineering is conducted, thereby developing a set of feasible risk-handling ideas, mainly including: (1) based on the detailed investigation and analysis of the engineering background and construction environment, to find out the key control indicators; (2) to carry out the risk assessment, and to identify the key factors influencing the engineering safety and environmental safety; (3) in view of the key risk factors, to propose purposeful measures for risk control; (4) to establish a numerical model to analyse the feasibility of risk control measures; and, (5) to establish a rigorous construction monitoring system for dynamically adjusting the construction parameters at real time and evaluating the engineering safety. So far as the practical engineering in this paper, the key risk sources are sand pebble stratum, delayed grouting and earth pressure in the chamber set incorrectly, and without proper control, these three factors may lead to large-area settlement and deformation during the construction. For this reason, targeted risk control program, covering rotary churning pile reinforcement, overhead line reinforcement (reinforcement by longitudinally lifting the existing railroad using cantilevers of I-beams) and shield driving parameter control, etc., are further proposed, and numerically simulated, with the construction monitoring and tracking results indicating that, under the protection of the above risk control measures, the settlements of roadbed and rail of existing railroads are less than 2 mm, which can meet the requirements in the railway operation safety. Finally, combining the actual construction situation, the empirical values of the optimised driving parameters for the shield going beneath the existing railroads in the water-rich sand pebble stratum are given, such as: driving speed is within range of 55~60 mm/min, earth pressure in the chamber is 0.13 MPa, the pressure for synchronous grouting is about 2.4 bars, which can be available reference for similar projects.

Research on Key Risk Source Identification of Asset Management in Power Grid Enterprise

Asset management uses a process analysis and identification method for various risk sources to identify a series of flowcharts in the form of several sub-modules in accordance with the steps or stages of grid asset management, demonstrate events or states that cause the risk to be generated by identifying various potential risk factors or risk events at each stage. Combined with the goal-oriented identification method to analyze and diagnose the risk indicator, list the detailed risk list, accurately record and manage the common risks existing in the enterprise, and use the reverse push down method, when the asset-related risks are identified, at the same time, record it in a manner that is appropriate to the type of asset or asset system.