Key Result Areas Research Articles

Trust and Collaboration in Practices of Supply Chain Management: Systematic Review

Collaboration and trust within supply chain practices facilitate the mutual support of corporations, together with producer partnerships with suppliers and manufacturers to reduce risks, access sources, and improve productivity. The review provided theoretical and empirical kinds of literature on trust and collaboration in practices of supply chain management to provide detailed information and give insight and knowledge to the readers. This paper reviewed articles concerning trust and collaboration in practices of supply chain management published over the last 13 years. The review followed PRISM techniques as a methodological approach. The review examined 50 published research articles between 2010 and 2023. The majority of reviewed articles were published in the last two years. The most commonly used method of analysis in reviewed articles was quantitative. The results indicated trust and collaboration significantly affect organizations, and managers must invest in key result areas to remain relevant and dominant in the competitive environment. Trust is a crucial factor in supply chain management, as it ensures mutual understanding between suppliers and customers, leading to fair profits and high-quality products. This review suggested that future research focus on combining qualitative and quantitative methods and SCM practices and competitive advantage, sustainability performance, and organizational performance.

MANAGEMENT STYLE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF EMPLOYEE TOWARD ORGANIZATIONAL OUTCOME

The study aims to identify the management style and productivity of employees toward organizational outcome. Mixed methods are utilized in the study. It consists of both qualitative and quantitative research design. Likewise, convenience sampling techniques are employed in the study based on the capacity of the researchers. It is a technique that is subjective, selective, and judgmental. The study consisted of one hundred twenty-five (125) respondents only. Results show that management style and productivity of employees toward organizational outcome among the respondents motivate effectively to set goals on transformational management techniques in the organizational outcome, show that authoritative management implements clear expectation and success for well-established objective on management effectively among employees such as SMART goals, maintain open communication and incorporate use objectives and key result area, show that persuasive management builds exercises on idea sharing workshop, specific projects, and challenges for the function and roles of employees in skillset and perspective efforts, and show that transformational management motivates effectively to the set goals on transformational management techniques in the organizational outcome. Findings show that there is a significant relationship between the management style and productivity of employees toward organizational outcome as observed among the respondents.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0871/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Holistic Approach in Strengthening of Primary Health Care Service

Holistic Approach in Strengthening of Primary Health Care Service

The First USTFMS Department of Medicine Stethoscope Tagging Ceremony

It is just fitting for the oldest medical school in the Philippines, the UST Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, which just celebrated its sesquicentennial year, to initiate this trailblazing stethoscope tagging ceremony for 418 second-year medical students belonging to USTFMS Batch 2026. This activity is aligned with enhancing the Thomasian identity (one of the strategic directional areas [SDA 2] of the university) once they graduate, the Thomasian Physician identity. The stethoscope remains the symbolic representation of physician and patient care. The innovative and pivotal activity, completely different from other international medical schools’ rite of passage, was marked with meaningful symbolisms unique to USTFMS. This rite also involved a pledge to the patroness of the Department of Medicine, Mary Untier of Knots, who would thus qualify for a robust faith formation program of the university (key result area [KRA 1]). Indeed, this would be the beginning of an annual celebration of strengthening faith, hope, and charity (patient care advocacy), TRIA HAEC, the three virtues of St. Paul that comprise the core values of Thomasian education.

Administrators’ Leadership Styles in Industrial Revolution 4.0 Towards a Proposed Leadership Educational Model

This study investigates the dynamics of school leadership within the evolving digital landscape of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0) in Bangladesh. As digital transformation permeates education, school administrators play a pivotal role in fostering learning environments compatible with the new demands of the research methods, this study evaluated the proficiency level of various leadership styles in the context of IR 4.0 in the Bangladesh education system. The key areas of focus included Strategic, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, and Digital Leadership, with a particular emphasis on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Cloud Computing. Each Leadership style was assessed based on Key result areas (KRAs), strengths, deficiencies, interventions required, and potential transitions. The study revealed that while administrators perceived their practice levels to be high, teachers and students reposted their practice levels to be high, and teachers and students reposted moderate levels of practice across all styles. In Strategic Leadership, discrepancies were observed in the understanding and response to broader changes brought by IR 4.0. Interpersonal Leadership revealed gaps in relationship building and communication, while Intrapersonal Leadership pointed towards the need for enhanced self–leadership skills. Digital Leadership covering AI and Cloud computing, surfaced as an area needing extensive professional development. Through this study, important insights were gained regarding the challenges and opportunities associated with adapting leadership styles in the digital age. The findings are anticipated to contribute to the design of an effective School Leadership Development Programme. The research underscores the importance of administrators aligning their leadership practices with the evolving digital landscape, emphasizing the need for vision, innovation, and the cultivation of future-ready skills to prepare students for success in the era of IR 4.0. Keywords: strategic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, Digital Leadership, Artificial Intelligence

Total Quality Management, Safety and Stakeholders Satisfaction: Model for Healthcare Administration

Total Quality Management, Safety and Stakeholders Satisfaction: Model for Healthcare Administration

Measuring the performance of higher education among state universities and colleges in SOX Region, Philippines

As state universities and colleges (SUCs) in the Philippines are confronted by tough competition for limited resources, and to show to government legislators that subsidy on tertiary education meaningfully produces significant returns; thus, they are pressed to undertake continuous improvement for optimum performance. Practically, measuring the performance of SUCs is essential to identify critical issues, make informed decisions, and enhance higher education policies. In this descriptive-evaluative study, the institutional performance was measured using the Fiscal Year 2016 SUC levelling instrument of department of budget management (DBM) and the commission on higher education (CHED), covering four key result areas (KRA): i) Relevance and quality of teaching; ii) Research productivity, iii) Community engagement; and iv) Resources management. Respondents included 217 faculty members and 24 deans from the four SUCs in SOX Region, Philippines. A combination of descriptive and inferential statistics was used in the data analysis. Results indicated that the SUCs fared randomly in the leveling scheme. SUC-Y got excellent performance, while SUC-X tailed at a very satisfactory rating in all areas. Statistical tests showed that SUC-Y was relatively superior to the other SUCs. Moreover, the performance of SUC-W and Z were comparable and found as the lowest in the group. The major issues and challenges affecting institutional performance include multi-tasking or designation of faculty to administrative positions, inadequate laboratory facilities, and limited online modality for laboratory subjects.

Performance Management of Police Officers in Tagum City, Davao del Norte: Basis for an intervention program

This quantitative study explores the performance management of police officers in Tagum City, Davao del Norte, Philippines. Through random sampling, researchers distributed the research questionnaire to 300 police officers in the research locale. Four indicators were identified for performance management: planning, organizing, leading and controlling with a mean rating of 4.42 or very high for controlling with a standard deviation of 0.29. Organizing got 4.28 with a standard deviation of 0.48; leading has 4.27 or high with a standard deviation of 0.52; and 4.23 or high for planning with a standard deviation of 0.44. The matrix activity is provided that shows the system of activities, key result areas, objectives, strategies/activities, expected outcome, and persons involved. Many factors impact the effectiveness of an organization's performance management system, but three are most important; First, the system must be aligned with and support the organization's direction and critical success factors; second, well-developed, efficiently administered tools and processes are needed to make the system user-friendly and well received by organizational members; and third, and most importantly, managers and employees must use the system in a manner that brings visible, value-added benefits in performance planning, development, feedback, and achieving results.

Readiness of Higher Education Institutions for Horizontal Typology, Institutional Sustainability and Quality Assurance

<p style="text-align: justify;">This study was undertaken to assess the level of readiness of higher education institutions (HEIs) for horizontal typology, institutional sustainability, and quality assurance in the key result areas (KRAs) for the enhancement of mechanisms, systems, and policies for the HEIs’ effective operation. It is a descriptive correlational design using the modified self-evaluation document (SED). The study showed that all the seven HEIs that participated in this study had been operating for 40 years and above, offering more than sixteen program courses with more than sixteen accredited programs. Four of the HEIs were Level 2 in accreditation status and five were ISO Certified. The level of readiness of HEIs for horizontal typology was moderately ready, which means the HEIs need some improvements in horizontal typology. The most identified challenges affecting the level of readiness of HEIs in horizontal typology were the lack of innovation, technology, and sustainability; the lack of administrative strategies, leadership competencies, and management skills; and the lack of financial allocation for institutional development and advancements, respectively. There is no significant relationship between the institutional profile and terms of observing the standards in the KRAs. The study recommends further re-assessing the level of readiness of the HEIs in terms of documentation/evidence, observance for the improvement of the systems, processes and practices towards a more effective and efficient delivery of academic services to young people by conducting the more focused study in every KRAs and institutional self-assessment as future researches for the further improvement of the operations of HEIs.</p>

Evolution of health sector strategic planning in Tanzania: What have we learnt and how can we improve?

Progressive realization of Universal Health Coverage is inevitable given resource constraints. The incremental approach must be reflected in health sector strategic plans which serve as roadmaps. Using a matrix based on the health systems building blocks to extract data, we reviewed three successive sector strategies to assess priority issues addressed. We undertook a thematic synthesis to draw lessons and conclusion reported in this paper. Our review shows good practice as well as areas desiring attention if health sector strategic plans are to serve the intended purpose. Although all strategies were aligned to global and national development aspirations, were developed in a participatory manner they did not reflect the required incremental approach. The challenges to be addressed and the priorities remained largely the same over a 15-year period. The strategies and key results areas to be implemented in the different strategies were numerous with funding gaps. Improving the utility of strategic plans requires improving both the process and content. Implied in this approach is the need for prioritised and affordable strategic plans that reflect incremental efforts to attaining long term targets coupled with strong trend analysis and monitoring. Additionally, we advocate for strategic plan with a longer timeframe perhaps 10 years with adjustments at regular intervals.

Camel herding and commerce: adaptation for reducing poverty through camel meat value additions

Camel rearing among the pastoralist of Northern Kenya is both a socio-cultural and a livelihood phenomenon signifying perceived wealth and authority. This centuries old practice has otherwise enjoyed tranquility and serenity of its stature until various human, technical and environmental changes emerged in the recent years. The onset of climatic changes, marauding urbanization, schooling advances and alternative modern commerce is a beckoning realities to camel herding. The emergencies of these constraints is seemingly threating the camel herding practices in terms of socio-cultural significances, livelihood viability and sustainability as well as herding dividend. Consequently, this study attempts to navigate through the discourse around camel meat products value chains as a commercial adaptation towards improving camel pastoralists livelihoods. This enterprising approach is buttressed in transforming institutional, socio-psychological and technical interventions through research. The objective of the study is to validate viability of camel meat marketing value chains in order to improve camel herders dividend from camel rearing. The key result areas (KRAs) entails characterization of camel meat Value Chain Nods (VCNs), synergization and effectiveness for herders, marketers, butchers, processors and consumers focusing on meat cut, bones, nyirinyiri, fat and bone marrow. Descriptive research design employed PESTEL, SWOT and FIEST models for analyzing external, internal and sustainability variables respectively. Data collective tools were FGD (n=47), Interview (n= 47) and questionnaire (n=340) in Isiolo County. The focus of the validation is to understand current practices with a view of enhancing camel meat value addition, value modification and value optimization for stakeholders. Expected research output and outcomes are publications, learning and sharing dissemination workshop as well as poverty reduction, improved quality of life for camel herders and policy influencing.

Cervical cancer programme, Kenya, 2011-2020: lessons to guide elimination as a public health problem.

BackgroundCervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in Kenya, with an estimated 3,200 deaths in 2020. Kenya has implemented cervical cancer interventions for more than a decade. We describe the evolution of the cervical cancer programme over the last 20 years and assess its performance.MethodsWe searched the Ministry of Health’s archives and website (2000–2021) for screening policy documents and assessed them using seven items: situational analysis, objectives, key result areas, implementation framework, resource considerations, monitoring and evaluation and definition of roles/responsibilities. In addition, a trend analysis was performed targeting screening and disease burden indicators in the period 2011–2020, using data from Kenya Health Information System and the Global Burden of Disease database.FindingsPolicy guidance improved over time, but the implementation of screening was poor. Before 2016, a clear leadership and accountability structure was lacking; improvement occurred after the establishment of the National Cancer Control Program. The main health system gaps included the lack of a trained healthcare workforce and poor data collection. Annual screening coverage varied between <1% and 36% of the target population for the year for HIV-negative women and between <1% and 7% for HIV-positive women, from 2011 to 2020. Test positivity for visual inspection with acetic acid was below 5% for most of the period. Compliance to treatment of precancerous lesions ranged between 22% and 39%. The detection rate of cervical cancer ranged between 0.5% and 1.0%. The burden of invasive cervical cancer did not change significantly: world age-standardised incidence and mortality rates of 26.3–27.4 and 16.6–18.0/100,000 women-years, respectively; disability-adjusted life years of 579–624/100,000 life years.ConclusionThe Kenyan cervical cancer control programme suffered from inadequate health system strengthening and poor quality implementation. Evidence-based policy implementation and sustained health system strengthening are necessary to move towards cervical cancer elimination as a public health problem.

The Histopathological Types and Distribution Characteristics of Gastric Mixed Tumors

ObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the histopathological types and distribution characteristics of gastric mixed tumors.MethodsDetailed histological observations, together with related immunohistochemical and genetic tests, were analyzed on 960 surgically resected samples in 6 hospitals with gastric mixed tumors from May 2017 to May 2021 in this retrospective study.ResultsEpithelial-derived tumors accounted for 80.10% (769/960) of the gastric mixed tumor samples studied, and tumors of different tissue origins accounting for 10.83% (104/960), mesenchymal-derived tumors accounting for 6.25% (60/960), neuroendocrine tumors accounting for 2.40% (23/960), and lymphoma accounting for 0.42% (4/960). The histological types of gastric mixed tumors identified as most commonly were epithelial originated, followed by mixed tumors of different tissue originated, then mixed neuroendocrine, lymphoma, and mesenchymal originated in sequence. The histological number of gastric mixed tumors was ≤ 3 in 83.23% (799/960) of cases and > 4 in 16.77% (161/960) of cases. The mixed histological patterns of gastric mixed tumors were divided into three types: those with tumor cells interspersed with each other, those with incomplete fibrous tissue separation, and those without fibrous tissue separation. The gene target characteristics of gastric mixed tumors were the existence of multi-gene mutation, including human epidermalgrowth factor receptor-2 (HER2) gene amplification, key result areas (K-ras) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA).ConclusionGastric mixed tumors should be adequately sampled, each piece of tissue should be involved in the morphological proportional division of the tumor, and any independent histological component should be written into the pathological examination report.

Managerial skills of schools heads and the performance of teachers: The case of public schools in Antique, Philippines

The Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001 directed that the school head be an instructional leader and an administrative manager. One of the most valuable aspects of high-performing schools is how school leaders and teachers work together as a group, and it is clear that the school leader is a big part of that. This study assessed the relationship of the managerial skills of the school heads in the Division of Antique to the teacher performance. The study employed a descriptive research design, and the respondents were the 140 randomly selected elementary and high school teachers. The study revealed that most teachers were female, middle-aged, married, with 11.36 years of teaching experience, pursuing graduate studies, with Teacher 1 position, and rated with an outstanding performance. In addition, the results revealed that school leaders' managerial skills were rated as "always"; this indicates that school leaders demonstrated effective managerial skills, as assessed by the teachers. In addition, the study disclosed a significant correlation between the managerial skills of school leaders and teachers’ performance. Thus, the researchers recommended that school heads' managerial skills be upheld by the key result areas outlined in the Performance Standards for School Heads to improve their managerial competence with the assistance of the National Educators Academy of the Philippines within their standards and the quality of training delivery.

Applications of Big Data Analytics in Investment Management

Big data has emerged as an important resource for generating wealth in society along with capital and labour, as data analytics generates valuable information and provides critical insights to gain competitive advantage. In Investment management, access to information is vital. As analytics causes information asymmetry among those who use it and others, it has become a key result area in the domain.IM involves multi-criteria decision-making necessitating managers to acquire core capability in analytics. The field of IM is passing through rapid changes, with varying customer preferences, advancing technologies, diminishing margins, acute competition, in the midst of increase in compliances. Cock-pit monitoring and goal-based portfolio preferences by some large customers have complicated IM. The paper explores the rationale for implementing big data analytics and identifies evolving tools and technologies that are applicable in the domain. The paper also highlights few emerging areas of research in the field using both bibliometric analysis and systemic literature review techniques.

Institutional Sustainability of Local Colleges and Universities (LCUs) in Region: an Evaluation

The study aims to have a comprehensive assessment of the institutional sustainability of the Local Colleges and Universities (LCUs) in Region III. The focus of the evaluative study is on the areas of Governance and Management, Quality of Teaching and Learning, Quality of Professional Exposure, Research, and Creative Work, Support for Students, Relations with the Community, Teaching, and Student’s Involvement. 64 respondents for this study evaluated their institutions using the CHEd ISA Tool and the Unit based Sustainability Assessment Tool. Documentary materials and unstructured interview were also utilized to supplement the data gathered through the assessment tools. It was found out that the LCUs in Region III for the Academic Year 2013-2014 are very sustainable. The number of years of operations of the LCUs in Region III does not affect the institutional sustainability assessment in the key results area of Governance and Management, Quality of Teaching and Learning, Quality of Professional Exposure, Research, and Creative Work, Relations with the Community, (USAT) Curriculum, Teaching Approach, Research and Scholarship Activities, Community Engagement, Examination (Assessment) of Sustainability Topics, and Staff Expertise and Willingness to Participate. On the other hand, the number of years of operations of the LCUs in Region affects the institutional sustainability assessment in the key result area of Support for Students and Student’s Involvement. That is why the Administrators have plans and strategies that have thought to strengthen the institution’s commitment to sustainability.

Written Report and Correspondence Errors of Technical Assistance (TA) Providers

Writing reports and correspondence are just some of the tasks that technical assistance (TA) providers do as they accomplish their day-to-day duties and functions. This study investigates errors found in the documents written by the TA providers including coordinators, master teachers, head teachers, school heads, district supervisors, and division supervisors considering Error Analysis (EA) Model by Carl James (1998). The data were taken from 94 soft copies of purposively collected and classified documents according to types. Results revealed that the topmost written documents based on percentages as used in this study are memorandum, narrative reports, and letters although there are still others in accordance with their mandates and job descriptions specifically on their respective Key Results Areas (KRAs). There were errors identified in the written reports and correspondence of the TA providers in the sentence level which revolve on (1) grammar – which highlighted points pertaining to preposition, article, agreement, verb, pronoun, noun, redundancy, determiner, quantifier, sentences, and adjective, (2) punctuation – mainly revolved on comma, hyphen, colon, and other punctuations, (3) capitalization – that falls on changing or checking, and congruency on the capitalization of words, and (4) spelling – words from the sentences were marked check, change, and correct spellings. There were also errors in the paragraph level under (1) development – which errors generally include inconsistencies of the expected patterns, formats which were not in accordance with relevant issuances, reports were merely collected from the concerned persons, thoughts within the reports need to be polished for clarity, reports also need to be rechecked considering the flow and organization of ideas, and mechanical aspects, (2) coherence – connection of thoughts from the paragraph before and after paragraphs, and use of transitional markers (TM) to connect ideas, (3) unity – word/s change, join or merge, replace, and separate which is sometimes a result of typo errors, and (4) point of view - written in lower positions' point of view, and improper use of 1st, 2nd and 3rd persons. The writing skills enhancement program and activities offered to the TA providers, the conclusions and recommendations on the basis of the results are presented in the full paper.

Oath of Government Employees-Based Standards and Organizational Commitment in a Local Government Unit in Central Luzon, Philippines

The study aimed to assess the organizational commitment and the internalization of the standards contained in the Oath of Government Employees (Panunumpa ng Kawani ng Gobyerno) based on the experience of the employee of the Local Government Unit of Olongapo. It will specifically focus on four key result areas reflected in the pledge of commitment: honesty and integrity, proper use of government property, fight against corruptions, technical and professional competencies. The researcher used a descriptive research method and utilized a cross-sectional design with the questionnaire as the main data gathering tool. The population of the study consisted of the employees in the different service-delivery units of a highly urbanized city in Central Luzon, Philippines. A sample size representing ten percent (10%) of the total population determined the respondents for the study. The sample respondents were selected among the different service-delivery units of the local government unit using a simple random sampling technique. This study intended to prove the significant difference in the organizational commitment of employees in the local government unit in terms of gender, age, and length of service. Furthermore, the research also tried to determine the relationship between the Oath of Government Employees – Based Standards and Employees Organizational Commitment in the local government unit of the involved highly urbanized city. The result of the study will serve as a basis to develop a proposed Service Charter for each of the service-delivery units of the local government of the City.

Factors Affecting Teachers' Performance in Public Elementary Schools in Schools Division of City of Meycauayan, Bulacan

The major concern of this study was to determine the impact of factors affecting teachers' performance of public elementary teachers. The study used the descriptive- correlational method of research in which standardized instruments were the primary data gathering tool. The study respondents were 166 or 55.41 percent of public elementary teachers in cluster A of the Division of Meycauayan City. The results of the study revealed that for the level of contributing factors in teaching performance, much contribution overall rating was obtained in the following factors: (1) Person-related factor, (2) School-related factor, (3) Learner-related Factor and (4) Community-related factor. Meanwhile, on the level of teaching performance, it was revealed based on the result of the study that the following factors were accomplished in terms of (1) Content, Knowledge, and Pedagogy, (2) Learning Environment and Diversity of Learners, (3) Curriculum and Planning, (4) Assessment and Reporting and (5) Plus Factors. The study's findings indicated that the contributing factors in teaching performance such as person-related Factor, school-related Factor, learner-related Factor, and community-related factor correlated to the level of teachers' performance in terms of the five key result areas. The findings of the analysis revealed that the null hypothesis is rejected; hence, the contributing factors significantly impacted teachers' teaching performance.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Life of Faculty Teaching in Universities

COVID-19 has greatly affected the education sector compelling educators to adapt to online teaching and platforms quite abruptly. Thus, this study aims to determine the impact of this pandemic on the life of college faculty and its consequences on their social, emotional, and personal aspects due to the transition from physical classes to online lectures and design a support program to help reframe and alleviate its impacts. This is a descriptive study using a convergent mixed methods design. Employing a snowball sampling technique, a modified web-based global questionnaire that is divided into 7 sections, was administered via Google forms. With the use of SPSS v. 23, results showed from 81 respondents in 37 universities that despite the limited time and resources in the preparation, the faculty displayed an adaptive behavior. Remarkably, the narratives related impacts of emergency remote education on personal life circumstances more than what the figures showed in the statistical analysis. Three important words emerged with ambivalent themes as the general views on COVID -19 as generated by NVivo QSR: life, time and changes. Using Braun-Clarke approach to thematic analysis, the narratives also evoked that spirituality and emotions play a significant role in coping. The support program was designed with the academic, social and emotional aspects in the key result areas with proposed program and activities such as educational policy on the pedagogy of care, continuing digital literacy program, social support elements of emotional concern, instrumental aid, appraisal, virtual socialization and also conduct of webinars, workshop series and fellowship as coping mechanisms.ReferencesAristovnik, A., Keržič, D., Ravšelj, D., Tomaževič, N., &amp; Umek, L. (2020). 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