Key Respondents Research Articles

ARRANGEMENT OF ACCESS THROUGH AGRARIAN REFORM FOR INCREASING COMMUNITY INCOME

Agrarian reform (RA) as a national strategic program aims to encourage the creation of sources of prosperity and community welfare. This study aims to describe agrarian reform through access arrangement schemes and map out the roles of stakeholders involved in the RA program in Purworejo. The research method was carried out qualitatively, data obtained through interviews with key respondents and through document studies. The results of the study show that in Purworejo Regency, the Agrarian Reform Task Force (GTRA) has prepared a form of RA through strengthening access including optimizing land certificates, especially for Etawa goat breeders and coffee farmers to access capital. In addition, efforts to strengthen community capacity through community empowerment include assistance for Etawa goat breeders and coffee farmers in order to increase their productivity. To support the success of the program, several strategies are needed, including optimizing the role of stakeholders, namely the Office of Cooperatives, Small and Medium Enterprises and Trade, the Office of Settlement and Spatial Planning, the Office of Community and Village Empowerment and related agencies to provide support for program activities and budgets. The role of community leaders as community movers also plays an important role in realizing the success of the Agararia Reform in Purworejo.

Influence of Product Innovation on Performance of Agency Banking in Commercial Banks in Kenya

The paper seeks to establish the influence of product innovation on the performance of agency banking in commercial banks in Kenya. The study was informed by the diffusion theory of innovation. The study used a descriptive survey research design. The target population for this study was the 18 commercial banks in Kenya licensed by the Central Bank of Kenya to operate agency banking. The branch managers were the key target respondents in the study. Primary and secondary data were collected using questionnaires and a checklist guide, respectively. Reliability and validity tests were undertaken, and data collected were analyzed using SPSS software. Inferential analysis was carried out to establish the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. The study established that product innovation significantly influenced the performance of agency banking among commercial banks in Kenya. Through the introduction of new products and making improvements to the existing products, and differentiating the products from their peers in the market, better customer attraction was achieved, thus enhancing performance. The study concluded that product innovation is essential in steering the performance of agency banking, thus recommending that the commercial banks, through management, ought to uphold innovation as a way of enhancing the performance of agency banking.

SUSTAINABILITY STATUS OF MANAGEMENT TERUBUK FISH (Tenualosa macrura) IN BENGKALIS DISTRICT

This research was conducted from July to October 2021 in Bengkalis Regency. This research is focused on evaluating in detail the condition of the ultimate fisheries from the ecological, social, economic, and institutional aspects as well as scientific information for follow-up planning and implementation of the best fisheries management in the waters of the Bengkalis Strait. The research method used during the study was a survey method. Types and sources of data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. The number of key respondents used in this study were 30 people. Sustainable fisheries management is seen from five dimensions, namely the ecological dimension, the economic dimension, the social dimension, the technological dimension and the institutional dimension. The scores for each attribute were analyzed using the Rapfish technique and will be passed through several analyzes such as multi-dimensional scaling (MDS), leverage analysis (JackKnife), and Monte Carlo analysis. Based on the results of the study the results of the catch of the terubuk fish during the period June-September amounted to 160 fish. From this amount, it showed that the percentage of male fish caught was much more dominant, namely 110 fish (69%) than 50 female fish (31%). The results of the analysis of each dimension show that the ecological index (59.92%) is included in the moderately sustainable category, the economic dimension (52.94%) is included in the moderately sustainable category, the social dimension (50.54%) is included in the moderately sustainable category, the social dimension (50.54%) is included in the moderately sustainable category. Institutional (49.91%) is included in the sustainable category and the technological dimension (70.25%) indicates the category is quite sustainable. Thus, the design of the terubuk fish management in Bengkalis waters can use the dimensions of the attributes that are classified as quite sustainable, to support or improve the institutional dimensions in order to support the management of terubuk fish

The Levels of Community Readiness and Community Characteristics in the Development of Tourism Village (Bangelan Village, Malang Regency, Indonesia)

Bangelan is a village located in Wonosari District, Malang Regency, Indonesia. Bangelan Village has an area of 167.2 hectares with various natural, livestock, and agricultural potentials that support the development of tourist villages. As a tourist village, Bangelan has obstacles in tourism development due to the subordinate role of village institutions and the low capability of the community as tourism actors. This study aims to identify the community's level of readiness in developing a tourist village. In addition, the relationship between the characteristics of the community and the level of community readiness was identified. Data collection was carried out on the community and key respondents through questionnaires, interviews, and observations. The community readiness model was used to assess the level of readiness and cross-tabulation analysis and chi-square test to determine the relationship between community characteristics and the level of community readiness. The results showed that the readiness category of the community was ready with the sixth level of readiness, namely initiation. These results also show that most of the community knows and understands the basic things about tourism village development and the critical role of leaders in planning and developing businesses. The level of community readiness is influenced by characteristics including involvement in the development of tourist villages, type of work, and gender.

International Aid in Managing IDPs: The Case of United Nations in Nigeria

Human displacement has been a recurring factor in international affairs. This, on one hand is a result of trans-border displacement while on the other hand, is due to the intensity of internal displacement and its attendant need for protection and assistance of internally displaced persons. International aid has remained a constant theme in human displacement in general even when internally displaced persons are basically the responsibility of their government. This research examines the interventions of United Nations in the management of internally displaced persons in Nigeria. It made use of both primary and secondary sources of data. The major instrument of research was oral interview of key respondents. The research found out that the United Nations, through its specialised agencies has been playing significant roles in all facets of protection, relief and development of internally displaced persons in Nigeria. The United Nations interventions were observed in the provision of basic healthcare, education, shelter, security,food and non-food items, orientation, durable solution and psychosocial support. The research concludes that, international aid, especially from the United nations has been strategic to the management of the humanitarian crisis in Nigeria. But despite the volume of the interventions, the high population of the IDPs continue to overshadow it.

Critical Components of Airport Business Model Framework: Evidence from Thailand

Because of the scarcity of extant studies in the literature on airport business models, this study aims to identify a framework for airport business model design. Exploratory research obtained from key Thai respondents was used, and the data analysis was further enhanced by an extensive review of related grey literature available in public domains. With our qualitative data analysis, we propose the generic airport business model framework as a foundation for designing business models. Strategic partners, core business activities, human resources and sustainability-related projects should be considered basic components driving an airport to achieve high performance. The remaining business model components should be customised depending on business environments and location contexts.

Public participation in peace negotiations between the Colombian government and the National Liberation Army (ELN): An opportunity to redress power asymmetry and enhance the insurgents' readiness

AbstractThis article examines the centrality of the participation of society in the peace process between the Colombian government and the National Liberation Army (ELN) that initiated during the Santos administration, in the light of readiness theory. It does so on the basis of over 60 interviews with key respondents, documents from delegations to the negotiating table, as well as secondary sources. It analyses the importance of this point for the ELN on ideological and pragmatic grounds, and the government's perspective on it. It argues that such a participation was key to rebalance the perceived power asymmetry between the government and ELN, increasing this guerrilla group's optimism about a dignified exit and hence its readiness to engage in talks. In particular, the ELN considered that, by making social groups stakeholders in the peace process, these groups could put pressure on the government to agree on, and implement, provisions towards social transformation. In so doing, this article contributes to debates on how to enhance weaker parties' readiness to negotiate an end to internal armed conflict, as well as on how public participation in peace processes could be useful in this regard.

NILAI TAMBAH USAHA PENGOLAHAN IKAN ASAR DI PANTAI TANJUNG MARTHAFONS DESA POKA

In early 2019, an asar fish processing business appeared on Tanjung Marthafons Beach, Poka Village. The advantage of this business is that it utilizes fresh cultivated fish, fish at the bottom and directly served for consumption. This business requires basic data for business development and sustainability. This study aims to analyze the added value of asar fish processing business on the Coast of Marthafons Cape in Poka Village. The survey was conducted in four business units, with the key respondents being business owners. The data obtained through observation and interviews were then analyzed using the value-added method of processing business. The results showed that the smoked fish processing business on the Coast of Marthafons Cape in Poka Village which consisted of the Marthafons, G & J Café, Lolias, and Mega Fish business units had an added value of Rp 27,620 to Rp 45,864 per kg. The value-added ratio shows that the G & J Café and Lalosi business units have low value-added, while the Marthafons and Mega Fish business units have moderate value-added. This value-added provides business certainty due to the high profit ratio of 78.52% to 96.90% per production period.

The Structural-Pragmatic-Situational Approach in Policy Determination for Optimizing E-Learning in UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta

The covid-19 pandemic that unexpectedly brought the education world almost stopped due to the ban on face-to-face learning. This research aims to find a suitable policy determination model to optimize e-learning in Islamic universities. This research uses a qualitative approach that combines interviewing, documentation, and focused group discussion in data collection and validation. This research has focused on UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta, Indonesia, with key respondents being university leaders. Faculty leaders, postgraduates, institutions, units, e-learning managers, and admin staff are informants. The data validation use triangulation and data analysis with interactive models. The study provided findings that the process of policy determination applied is top-down by involving all elements of the leadership democratically. The policies-decision is applied using a structural-pragmatic-situational (SPS) approach. The contribution of this study is an SPS approach can overcome emergencies quickly and appropriately in policy-making.

Engaging Honduran Science Diasporas for Development: Evidence From Three Consolidated Networks.

Honduras' underdevelopment of the higher education system, national economic constraints, and low investment in science and technology (S&T) have created significant challenges in training, employing, and retaining its science workforce, resulting in what is known as “brain drain” in literature. There are no official statistics of Honduran scientists who have established their residency abroad, nor the Honduran scientific diasporas (HSD); however, various diaspora networks provide evidence of their existence and engagement in their home country. This study takes an empirical approach and explores experiences of networking and engagement of the HSD for the development of Honduras. Methodologically, a qualitative approach and a phenomenological design were used. The data were collected through documentary review and semi-structured interviews with 21 key respondents from three identified HSD networks: Honduras Global (HG), the Organization of Women in Science for the Developing World, Honduras National Chapter (OWSD Honduras), and the Alumni Association of the Zamorano Pan-American Agricultural School (AGEAP-Zamorano). The holistic analysis of HSD's engagement provides evidence of existing registry gaps. Neither the S&T agents nor the Honduras Foreign Policy have identified, mapped, and characterized Honduran scientists' emigration patterns. Evidence suggests the willingness of the HSD to transfer knowledge, build bridges, and facilitate access to world-class research practices to their peers residing in Honduras and interact with broader sectors of the Honduran society.

Towards the lithium-ion battery production network: Thinking beyond mineral supply chains

The increasing role of electricity as an energy carrier in decarbonising economies is driving a growing demand for electrical energy storage in the form of battery systems. Two battery applications driving demand growth are electric vehicles and stationary forms of energy storage. Consequently, established battery production networks are increasingly intersecting with – and being transformed by – actors and strategies in the transport and power sectors, in ways that are important to understand. Most analyses of battery production adopt a supply chain approach, focussing on the flow and transformation of materials from primary production via manufacturing to final assembly. They pay only limited attention to organisational and geographical relations, and they overlook critical areas of intersection between battery production and OEM manufacturing for automotive and power sectors. As a result, supply chain approaches do not fully account for emergent properties of battery production networks.To remedy this, we deploy a global production network (GPN) approach that highlights the increasing intersection of battery manufacturing with the automotive and power sectors, informed by original research with key respondents in battery R&D and commercialization at the collaborative interfaces of academia, industry and government. Our GPN approach augments conventional supply chain accounts based on battery manufacturing in two ways: it identifies the economic and non-economic actors, network relations and multiple locations that constitute the global battery production network; and focuses on firm strategies of innovation, cooperation and competition through which this network acquires its organisationally and geographically dynamic character, (specifically increasing inter-industry intersections), and the multifaceted role of the state. The paper concludes by reflecting on the implications of this alternative account for understanding key areas of policy concern, and for analyses of the geopolitical economy of energy system transformation.

Ethnobotany of medicinal plants in Asam Jawa Village, South Labuhanbatu, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Every year, the use of natural compounds for the treatment of various diseases tend to increases. Traditional medicine derived from plants has long been used by the people of Indonesia. Despite significant advancement of modern medicine, medicinal plants have become the preferred alternative option for many tribes in Indonesia. The goals of this study were to (1) identify the medicinal plant species used in Asam Jawa Village, Torgamba District, South Labuhanbatu Regency, (2) identify the purpose of using each medicinal plant, (3) identify the part of the plant used, and (4) determine how to process and use each medicinal plant. This research method employs in-depth interviews with key respondents as well as the snowball sampling method for determining respondents. The findings revealed that the villagers of Asam Jawa Village utilized 40 different species of medicinal plants. The species were classified into 26 families. The most of families are originated from the Zingiberaceae family, which consist of five species (12.5%) Based on the therapy purpose, the species used for fever, cough, stomach pain, diarrhea, gout, cholesterol, itching medicine, backache medicine, anti-inflammatory, and others.

Effects of Air Pollution on the Development of Respiratory Diseases among Residents in New Delhi, India

Air pollution is the contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment by any chemical, physical or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere. The industrialization of countries has increased the emission to the atmosphere that has significantly oplurid the air. Exposure to high levels of air pollution can cause a variety of adverse health outcomes. Hence, the study sought to examine the effects of air pollution on the development of respiratory diseases among residents in New Delhi, India. The study adopted the descriptive research design. The targeted population included the residents of New Delhi. The key respondents included health practitioners. The collection of the data was done using the questionnaires. The rationale for picking the health practitioners to respond to the research instruments is because they were more involved in the treatment and were more informed about the cases that have been reported from the residents due to the air pollution. The study found that air pollution positively influences the development of respiratory diseases. Air pollution can worsen lung function in people with breathing problems and decrease lung function in those with healthy lungs. Exposure to air pollution puts you at risk for lung cancer, heart attacks, stroke and, in extreme cases, premature death. The study concluded that air pollution is a danger to lung health, particularly for children, the elderly, people who work or spend time outdoors and people with heart or lung disease. The study recommended strict measures/initiatives should be taken by the government, industry and the private sector to reduce the burden of air pollution. It is further recommended that individuals should use clean fuels. Likewise, air cleansers that can enhance the air quality are suggested. Industrialization, urbanization, population growth and demand for transportation, mainly in the cities, need to be managed. Keywords: Air Pollution, Respiratory Health Complications, New Delhi, India

Effects of Marketing Practices on Farmers Profit in Northern Bangladesh

Agriculture is the main foundation of the economy of Bangladesh. This sector contributes about 17.22% to the country's GDP and accommodates around 45.6% of the labor force. New technologies have increased over the past few decades in Bangladesh's agriculture. As a result, agricultural production in the country has grown tremendously, but due to an inefficient marketing system, farmers do not receive the advantage of the enormous output. Because of some inefficiency in the agricultural marketing system, farmers are deprived of the fair price of their produce. Several factors influence the price received by the farmers for their agricultural commodities. This study thus aims to examine marketing practice and the degree of influence of these practices on farmers' profit in Northern Bangladesh. Two districts, namely Naogaon and Dinajpur, were selected purposively from two divisions in Northern Bangladesh. Two upazillas and two villages were chosen following a simple random sampling (SRS) method for collecting data. The study used a set of questionnaires with five sections to collect data. To serve research objectives, 216 farmers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire with a face-to-face interview, and 32 key informant respondents were interviewed using a checklist. To achieve the goal, a multiple linear regression model was used, considering the farmer's profit as a dependent variable, marketing practices as an independent variable, and financial factors as an independent variable. The multiple linear regression model was estimated. The study found that almost cent percent of farmers sell their produce from farmhouses or to the rural Hat at Bepari. It was found that different types of intermediaries were functioning in agricultural marketing: farmers, Farias, Beparies, Aratders, wholesalers, Millers, cold storage owners, and retailers. Using a multiple linear regression model, it was found that three explanatory variables, i.e., the Sale of an agricultural commodity at a town market, Crop storage status, sell produce to public procurement, positively affects the farmer's profit. The remaining two explanatory variables, i.e., the Sale of agricultural commodities during the harvesting period and receiving a loan from informal sources, negatively affect the farmer's profit. Only one independent variable, i.e., Crop storing status, is a statistically insignificant factor. The rest of the four independent variables are statistically significant factors affecting farmers' profit in Northern Bangladesh.

A morphosyntactic and semantic analysis of toponyms among the Luhya: A case of Bungoma County

Onomastics,the study of names has remained an area of marginal significance in research despite its importance in language studies. This paper conducts a morphosyntactic and semantic analysis of toponymns (place names) among the Luhya group of speakers in Western Kenya, Bungoma County. A structural and functional approach is used to analyse the naming patterns with the idea that African names, as signs of language, can be divided into two morpho-syntactic categories:nominal that is, they constitute single words, or syntagmatic, meaning they are made up of sentences or phrases. Purposively sampled thirty place names are selected from the IEBC inventory and nine key respondents from the nine sub counties. The 30 names are subjected to morpho-syntactic analysis whereas the semi-structured interviews are used to elicit data on etimology and meaning of names from the nine respondents within the framework of the Frame Semantic theory by Fillmore, (Fillmore, 1982). The theory is used to ascertain whether the meaning-making elements in the respective toponymns reflect the historical functions and meanings embedded within the names.The findings reveal that Luhya place names are generated through grammatical rules as a result of word transformations. Such names are generated from nominals and their resulting phrases through derivational morphology.Three word formation processes namely, pre-fixation, compounding and borrowing are exhibited in the naming process. Semantically, the study reveals that Luhya place names are transparent and descriptive in terms of their function. Places are named after topographical features, historical events, climatic conditions and prominent people.

Analisis Pengaruh Atmosfer Cafe Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Coffe pada Masyarakat Karawang

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the cafe atmosphere on the interest in buying Kaula coffee products in the Karawang community. There are two key respondents who became informants in this study. This study uses a qualitative approach, and data collection techniques through interviews. From this study, it was found that the cafe atmosphere had an effect on people's buying interest, a comfortable outdoor atmosphere and live music could increase people's purchasing power for Kaula coffee products. In addition, it was found that the rainy season had an impact on the decrease in the number of visitors because Kaula Coffee used the Outdor theme.

Role of schools in community mobilisation to improve IYCF practices in 6–24-month-old tribal children in the Banswara district, India: findings from the qualitative PANChSHEEEL study

ObjectiveIndia has been struggling with infant malnutrition for decades. There is a need to identify suitable platforms for community engagement to promote locally feasible, resource efficient Infant and Young Child...

Advertising Tax Revenue Strategy to Increase Makassar City Original Revenue

This study aims to find out how the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of advertisement tax revenue are and how the strategy is carried out by the Makassar City Government in increasing advertisement tax revenues in Makassar City. This research was conducted at the Office of the Regional Tax and Retribution Management Agency of Makassar City. The key respondents of this research are the Head of Division, Subdivision, and staff of Regional II Revenue Management Division. The method of collecting data is through in-depth interviews with respondents and analysis data on advertisement tax receipts, inflation data, and Makassar City GDP. The research data was analyzed using SWOT analysis. The results of the study: 1) analysis of the taxation environment, consisting of a) Strengths b) Weaknesses c) Opportunities, and 2) Strategies to increase advertising tax revenue: a) Increasing human resources and efforts to eliminate the negative organizational culture; b) Improving tax collection management; c) Improving the implementation of the Regional Regulation on PDRD; d) Increasing support for facilities and infrastructure, and e) Law enforcement.

Structural and Attitudinal Barriers to Bicycle Ownership and Cycle-Based Transport in Gauteng, South Africa

Policies that aim to facilitate and promote non-motorised transport (NMT), and in particular cycling, have been developed by many high-income countries facing increasingly congested roads and saturated public transport systems. Such policies are also emerging in many low- and middle-income settings where high rates of urbanisation have led to similar problems with motorised transport. The aim of the present study was to better understand the potential structural and attitudinal barriers to cycle-based transport in one such context: South Africa’s Gauteng Province, the industrial powerhouse of sub-Saharan Africa that has recently made a firm commitment to NMT. The study focussed on demographic and socioeconomic variation in bicycle and car ownership, and related this to: (1) the reported use of motorised and non-motorised transport (both private and public); and (2) perceived ‘problems’ with cycling. The analyses drew on interviews with key respondents from n = 27,490 households conducted in 2013 as part of the third Quality of Life survey undertaken by the Gauteng City Regional Observatory. The survey contained items on three outcomes of interest: household vehicle ownership (bicycles and cars); modes of transport used for the “trips” most often made; and respondents’ “single biggest problem with… cycling”. Respondent- and household-level demographic and socioeconomic determinants of these outcomes were examined using descriptive and multivariable statistical analyses, the latter after adjustment for measured potential confounders identified using a theoretical causal path diagram (in the form of a directed acyclic graph). Of the n = 26,469 households providing complete data on all of the variables examined in the present study, only n = 8722 (32.9%) owned a car and fewer still (n = 2244; 8.4%) owned a bicycle. The ownership of these assets was commonest amongst wealthier, economically active households; and those that owned a car had over five times the odds of also owning a bicycle, even after adjustment for potential confounding (OR 5.17; 95% CI 4.58, 5.85). Moreover, of household respondents who reported making ‘trips’ during the preceding month (n = 18,209), over two-thirds of those whose households owned a car (70.1%) reported private car-based transport for such trips, while only 3.2% of those owning a bicycle reported cycling. Amongst the specific responses given to the item requesting the “single biggest problem with… cycling” by far the commonest was “Don’t know how to cycle” (32.2%), less than half as many citing “Vehicle accident risk” (15.9%), and fewer still: “Destination is too far” (13.9%); “Crime” (10.3%); “Too much effort” (9.2%); or “Lack of good paths” (4.6%). While the first of these reasons was commonest amongst poorer households, concerns about risk and effort were both most common amongst better educated, economically active and wealthier/better serviced households. In contrast, concerns over (cycle) paths were only common amongst those owning bicycles. The low prevalence of household bicycle ownership, and the disproportionate number of households owning bicycles that also owned cars, might explain the very small proportion of the ‘the trips most often made’ that involved cycle-based transport (0.3%), and the preferential use of cars amongst households owning both bicycles and cars. Low levels of bicycle ownership might also explain why so many respondents cited “Don’t know how” as the “single biggest problem with… cycling”; although risk and effort were also substantial concerns (presumably for many who did, and some who did not, know how to cycle); the lack of suitable cycle lanes being only primarily a concern for those who actually owned bicycles. Structural and attitudinal barriers to cycle-based transport limit the use of cycle-based transport in Gauteng, not only amongst the vast majority of household respondents who lack the means to cycle (and the means to learn how), but also amongst those dissuaded from learning to cycle, purchasing a bicycle and/or using a bicycle they own by: the risks and effort involved; the lack of suitable cycle paths; and/or because they also own a car and prefer to drive than cycle.

Pemanfaatan Pemasaran Melalui Media Sosial oleh UMKM Di Era Pandemi

The restrictions imposed to prevent the spread of the Corona virus have greatly impacted various types of businesses, both large-scale businesses and MSMEs and have indirectly forced business owners to make digital marketing, especially marketing through social media, one of the business solutions in marketing their business. This study aims to determine the use of social media as a marketing medium for MSMEs in the midst of various restrictions due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. The subjects of this study were MSME actors under the guidance of the Cooperatives and SMEs Service, Bandung Regency, which were selected as many as 23 MSMEs using purvosive sampling technique. The research data was collected combining desk analysis and direct observation to MSME actors, interviews with key respondents from the Bandung Regency Cooperatives and SMEs Service, and digital marketing practitioners. The results of the study show that MSME actors have made social media a marketing method in this pandemic era. Marketing using social media is used because it is able to increase brand awareness, facilitate product feedback and marketing strategies, build networks with consumers, suppliers and competitors, but in a more convenient and cost effective manner.