Key Protected Wild Plant Research Articles

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Abies chensiensis (Pinaceae)

Abies chensiensis is listed as a threatened species in the Red List and categorized as key protected wild plants in China. Here, we determined the complete chloroplast genome of A. chensiensis using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The genome was 121,795 bp in length, comprising a large single copy (LSC) region of 67,160 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 54,107 bp, and two inverted repeat regions (IRa and IRb) of 264 bp each. It was composed of 114 genes, including 68 peptide-encoding genes, 35 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), four ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), six open reading frames and one pseudogene. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that A. chensiensis was most closely related to A. beshanzuensis, with high bootstrap values. The present research will provide potential genetic resources for further conservation and management strategies.

The complete chloroplast genome of Lilium cernuum: genome structure and evolution

Lilium cernuum is endangered and was listed in the category of key protected wild plants in China. In this study, we report the complete chloroplast genome of L. cernuum using Illumina paired-end sequencing. The entire chloroplast genome maps as a circular molecule of 152,604 bp built with a quadripartite organization: two inverted repeats (IRs) of 26,481 bp separated by a large single copy (LSC) sequence of 82,058 bp and a small single copy (SSC) sequence of 17,584 bp. The chloroplast genome contains the conservative structure present in most Liliaceae chloroplasts composing of 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNAs and 4 rRNAs. Among these genes, 15 harbor a single intron, and 2 contain a couple of introns. A maximum likelihood phylogenomic analysis showed that L. cernuum was closely related to L. tsingtauense and L. hansonii that belonged to the family Liliaceae.

Integrated maps of biodiversity in the Qinling Mountains of China for expanding protected areas

Habitat fragmentation and loss is the main cause of species extinction; thus, the appropriate placement of protected areas is critical for saving vulnerable and threatened species. However, how to expand the existing protected areas network for improving conservation efficiency is a vital concern. We examined the Qinling Mountains — a widely recognized biogeographic treasure in China and East Asia, to identify key biodiversity areas (KBAs) and compare them with existing protected areas. We focused on 259 key protected wild plant and animal species and modeled species distributions with elevation and habitat preference. We then adapted two established algorithms (biodiversity hotspots of species richness [BHSR] and systematic conservation planning [SCP]) to identify priority areas, respectively. Results from these two algorithms addressed two conservation criteria: “represented” single species and “well-represented” species assemblages. SCP showed better performance (~90%) than BHSR (~78%) using the “represented” criterion covering a small portion (~8%) of the total region; conversely, BHSR showed better performance (~61%) than SCP (~55%) using the “well-represented” criterion. The overlapping priority areas of both methods could achieve an optimal conservation that met dual criteria, which is considered as the candidate KBAs in this study. Surprisingly, we found that 63% of KBAs are not co-occurring with existing national nature reserves (NNRs). We highlight the unoccupied KBAs as deserving additional protection, with a result that the expansion of NNRs to KBAs will increase overall conservation coverage and efficiency. The integrated method developed here can be used generally as a repeatable and quantitative assessment framework to be implemented in protected areas network expansion and planning, in China and beyond.

Mining and characterizing EST-SSR markers from ESTs of Torreya grandis

Torreya grandis Fort. ex Lindl. cv. Merrillii (Taxaceae) is an important economic tree species grown for dried nuts in China. However, it was listed as national second-grade key protected wild plants due to overexploitation of wild resources. To enhance knowledge about genetic characteristics useful for the conservation and sustainable utilization of genetic resource of this species, microsatellite loci were developed by analyzing a reference transcriptome de novo assembled from RNA-seq data of T. grandis. A total of 1713 SSRs containing repeats from di-to pentanucleotides were detected in 46,000 unigenes. Trinucleotide (46.9%) was the most common repeat unit followed by the di (19.7%), pentanucleotides (15.1%), hexa (8.9%), and tetra (6.5%). From these, 108 primer pairs were designed, among which nineteen polymorphic microsatellites were developed and characterized. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 4, with an average of 2.6 alleles per locus. The observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.10 to 1.00 and 0.13 to 0.70, respectively. Six loci showed significant departure from HWE after Bonferroni correction. The microsatellite markers described here will be useful for evaluating the genetic structure of T. grandis as well as to estimate fine-scale gene flow rates.

The identity of Ailanthus guangxiensis (Simaroubaceae) and lectotypification of A. integrifolia Lamarck

The genus Ailanthus Desfontaines (1788: 265) of the family Simaroubaceae comprises 5–10 species distributed in South and Southeast Asia as well as northern Australia (Nooteboom 1962, Peng & Thomas 2008). The species can be classified into two groups, i.e., one with toothed leaflets and the other with entire-margined leaflets. The latter group currently includes five species, A. triphysa (Dennstedt 1818: 32) Alston (1931: 41), A. vietnamensis H.V.Sam & Nooteboom (2007: 555), A. fordii Nooteboom (1962: 220), A. integrifolia Lamarck (1792: 417), and A. guangxiensis S.L.Mo ex C.F.Liang & S.L.Mo (1982: 145). The last species was described based on two fruit collections from Longzhou County, Guangxi Province, China. In the protologue, the authors stated that it was clearly distinguished from its congeneric species by the large samaras. After that, A. guangxiensis is always considered as an endemic species of Guangxi (Peng & Thomas 2008, Qin & Liu 2010, Mo 2011). In 2010, it was listed as a key protected wild plant of Guangxi by the local government.

Assessing thein situconservation status of key protected wild plants in Shanxi Province

Establishing nature reserves to protect species and their habitats, is the most direct and effective approach for biodiversity conservation. Conducting investigations of the important protected species and assessing their in situ conservation status are of important guiding significance for reasonable conservation and effective management within a region. In this paper, based on the literature and field investigations, we analyzed the distribution and protection status of the key protected wild plants in Shanxi Province. The results showed that there were 57 key protected wild plants in Shanxi, 49 of which were distributed in nature reserves, and the in situ conservation rate was 86%. The nature reserves in Jincheng, Yuncheng, Linfen, and Yangquan cities contained the most protected wild plant species. Cumulative screening was used to select the six nature reserves with the highest contributions. The cumulative protection contribution rate of these six reserves was 86%. In general, the key protected wild plants are under comprehensive protection in Shanxi. However, there are still some protection gaps, and these identified gap areas will provide a scientific basis for further planning and development of nature reserves in Shanxi Province.

中国驰名商标上的生物多样性保护问题探讨

Biodiversity issues involved in trademark protection will become the focus of the public. biological trademark is delineated as trademark using biological images or biological graphics. The relevant species are called trademark species.As trademark is often regarded as a commodity,an intangible asset,an intellectual property,the cultural value,aesthetic value and communication value of trademark species,especially for famous trademarks,can bring excess fictitious labor value. During 2002 to 2011,China's GDP has rose to the second in the world,at the same time,the quantity of famous trademarks in five coastal provinces whose reputed trademarks rank top five in China,has grown increases exponentially.During the ten years,China has recognized 2766 well-known trademarks,including 274 biological trademarks,about 10%of the total number. About 201 trademark involved in can be classified according to biological groups,in which plant biological trademarks are 83,including conceptual plant,animal biological trademarks are 118,including conceptual animals,cultural conceptual species are108; in trademark species,there are 42 plants,51 animals; cultural conceptual plants are 41,and cultural conceptual animals are 67. In Chinese well-known trademark species,the national key protected wild plants account for 2. 03%; the national key protected wild animals account for 4. 99%. Supposing that biological brand enterprises realized the biodiversity conciseness and social deputes in trademark protection,and took actions,theywould make a great contribution to strengthening society's attention,promoting biodiversity conservation and construction of ecological civilization.

Resource and Floristic Characteristics of the Key Protection Wild Plants in Shanxi

According to List of Wild Plants under State Protection(First Batch) and List of Wild Plants under Provincial Protection in Shanxi(First Batch),the list of key protection wild plants in Shanxi was established.It was recorded that there were 57 protected plants,which belong to 38 families and 45 genera(including 2 species under state protection category Ⅰ,6 species under state protection category Ⅱ and 49 species under provincial protection).By analysis,the key protection wild plants are not concentrated in Shanxi and scatter in the 61 counties(cumulative statistics).Moreover,it was found that the distribution ranges of the majority of species are small and narrow.The floristic characteristics of the key protected wild plants in Shanxi are complex and diverse,old origin,more relict plants and monotypic genera.Temperate floristic elements are significantly dominant in genera,with obviously tropical nature,it also has the characteristics of transition,and its unique geographical advantage and Conservation value.The aim of the research is to analyze preliminarily resources situation and floristic characteristics of the key protection wild plants in Shanxi,in order to provide scientific and theoretical support for reasonable conservation and effective use of the key protection wild plants in Shanxi.

The in situ conservation of state key protected wild plants in national nature reserves in China

The in situ conservation of state key protected wild plants in national nature reserves in China