Key Posts Research Articles

El pensamiento del papa Francisco acerca de las mujeres en la Iglesia. Un punto de partida y una meta por alcanzar

In the social and religious imaginary, women’s status has been devalued throughout history. Therefore, Christianity has not been immune to this, either. The Vatican Council II claims that “in Christ and in the Church, there is no inequality regarding lineage, birth, social status or sex” (LG 32). In this spirit, the Pope Francisco has expressed in a categorical way in favour of women, reporting the injustices coming from anthropological reductive visions. Being faithful to this thought, he has had concrete gestures appointing women to key posts in the Roman Curia. This is a starting point that we all women celebrate. However, all this continues to be a goal yet to be achieved. Changing the idea of woman as a “feminine nature”, incorporating the category gender as an intellectual instrument and trust in women’s ability in their diversity of gifts, generous service, honesty, fidelity to the Gospel and empowerment.

Kim Jong Un and Consolidating Power: Explaining Elite Appointment in the Workers’ Party of Korea Central Committee, 2012–2019

Despite concerns about the stability of the early days of the Kim Jong Un regime, he has firmly established his control over the existing system. How was he able to achieve this? Important insights are provided by Kim Jong Un’s patter of official appointments, particularly involving the members of the Central Committee of the Workers Party of Korea (WPK). This study scrutinizes the pattern of elite appointments under Kim Jong Un from 2012 to 2019, examining the personal data of 296 members of the WPK Central Committee. The results reveal that under Kim Jong Un’s leadership, party and military elites enjoyed the privilege of being appointed to key posts compared with cabinet elites. However, as his power consolidation advanced, this preferential treatment for party and military elites began to diminish starting in 2016. These findings suggest that certain tensions and conflicts may exist within North Korea under Kim’s rule.

Political Elite of Kaluga Region: Structure Analysis. . . . 136 Kopus T.L. Traditional and Mass Open Online Course “Business Communication”: Perspectives for Higher Education

The article analyzes the structure of the political elite of the Kaluga region. By means of biographical analysis, the composition of the political elite of the region in the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government is considered. In practical terms, research interest is concentrated around 35 personalities who are part of the regional elite and included in the sample for analysis. Appealing to the network approach as the methodological basis of the research, the authors, based on the results of the analysis, identify four political networks, each of which has its degree of institutionalization in the region. The last contour of the research is the analysis of the posts of elite representatives in the Kaluga region. During the research it is revealed that the key distribution posts are occupied by politicians from the first two levels of political networks. The authors propose to consider the successful indicators of the Kaluga Region as a consequence of a well-structured configuration of elites, where key posts are occupied by politicians with political influence in the region, which contributes to the formation of conditions for effective management of the region.

THE COUP D’ETAT IN FRANCE AND PETAIN’S RISE TO POWER

The defeat of France in 1940 led to the fall of the Third Republic and the creation of the Petain (or Vichy) regime. It is generally believed that the coup took place on July 10, but in fact it happened on June 16, when Petain replaced Reynaud as head of the French government. Moreover, the first steps towards the coup were taken a month earlier, in the second half of May, after the appointment of Petain as deputy head of government, and several of his supporters to other key posts. This article is written in order to prove this on the basis of factual material. The content of the article also shows that, in addition to the generally recognized reasons (the country's unreadiness for a «new type of war», the strong positions of defeatists of different political orientations, etc.), the position of Britain and the United States towards France also played a role in the coup: the former, after Dunkirk, actually left France to its fate, the public opinion of the latter has not yet matured before joining the war. At the same time, the results of the work allow us to reconsider some of the existing points of view on the Vichy government: despite a number of analogies with the Nazi coup of 1933. In Germany, the Petain regime was not completely totalitarian, although it was a kind of «conservative revolution».

Édith Cresson is the First Woman Prime Minister in the History of France

The paper is dedicated to the first woman Prime Minister Édith Cresson in the history of France. She entered the path of a political career, joining the socialist movement in the 60s. Cresson already held key posts in the socialist party founded by François Mitterrand ten years later, and after he became the president of the country, she repeatedly became the Minister. Cresson was appointed head of government in 1991 and held this position for about a year. Her activities as Prime Minister were not successful. Nevertheless, she went down in history, because for the first time she became Prime Minister of France. After leaving the second person of the state, Cresson worked for some time in the European Commission, and since the 2000s, gradually moved away from politics.

Viktor Ivanovich Bulynin - Professor, Chairman of the Voronezh Regional Society of Surgeons, Honorary Citizen of Voronezh. To the 90th of birthday

Viktor Ivanovich Bulynin - Professor, Chairman of the Voronezh Regional Society of Surgeons, Honorary Citizen of Voronezh. To the 90th of birthday

관동대지진 이후 일본지역 조선인 유학생계의 변화와 학생운동의 추이

This paper reviewed changes in society of Choseon students in Japan in 1920s and progress of student movement, focusing on activity patterns of Choseon Students Association in Tokyo before and after Great Kanto Earthquake. Through this, the paper tried to reconsider the characteristics of students in the colonial period. Existing studies considered student association as an organization that represents Anti-Japan awareness of Choseon students. Through this, those studies believed that most of Choseon students were united and participated in student movement. But this study found that student association since the earthquake disaster was not a group representing the entire Choseon students. In addition, it was found that it lost the characteristics as an organization of student movement and gradually changed into a social group centered on students attending specific schools. This implies that Choseon students after earthquake disaster no longer took a united stance about national issues. As hostility on socialism had heightened and gaps between economic power of students and school level had widened, groups with different stances had emerged within the society of Choseon students. Management of each college reunion which occupied key posts of student association strengthened such gaps by making qualification of members more strict rather than promoting their unity. As a result, socialists who were pushed out defined duties of students as whether or not to participate in social movement to be against with it. While confrontation between two continued, students who tried to settle in the system increased. Paradoxically, the cases of calling students by the student movement had gradually decreased.

Thomas Sankara: A Revolutionary in Cold War Africa

Thomas Sankara: A Revolutionary in Cold War Africa

Designing an Optimal Pattern of Assessing Native and Non-Native Managers’ Performance in Sweden

Nowadays, the issue of public sector managers’ responsiveness to their actions in the new governance environment will be addressed more intensely. Therefore, in the modern attitude, assessing managers’ performance as a framework for implementing strategies and policies, achieving organizational goals, and their responsiveness to beneficiaries and the society is considered. This study aims to develop an optimal pattern to assess native and non-native managers’ performance in terms of four aspects of human, perceptual, and technical skills as well as personal traits and measure their performance through the combination of 360 –degree feedback and analytic network process. The statistical population consists of two groups of native and non-native managers in key posts in Stockholm province who were selected through proportional stratified random sampling. The required samples for the groups of native and non-native managers are respectively estimated to be 31 and 23. The indices of performance assessment are extracted through the meta-synthesis method and validated using the Delphi technique and experts’ opinions. By combining 360-degree feedback and analytic network process, native and non-native managers were appropriately ranked, which this ranking can be applied to administrative agencies.

Increasing Role of China in UN Peacekeeping in 2013–2021

This research aims to assess the PRC’s causes of involvement and influence on the sphere of peacekeeping during the presidency of Xi Jinping in the PRC (2013–2021). China’s growing activity in UN peacekeeping yields controversial results: as such, peacekeeping undoubtedly helps reduce violence in unstable regions. Therefore, the role of the People’s Republic of China using its growing military power for the cause of peace is more than welcome, so China’s prestige also enhances. However, a more detailed analysis of peacekeeping operations demonstrates that the People’s Republic of China seeks to secure its economic interests around the world through peacekeeping. Besides, they assertively promote its agenda of ensuring peace over human rights protection, aiming to fix key posts in this sphere for China’s representatives. In addition, Chinese weapons and equipment can be tested during peacekeeping operations, and the Chinese military receives the necessary experience and practice. As the methodological basis of the research, the author used the structural-functional method, the historical-comparative method and content analysis of the relevant sources.

A Parceiros da Educação e o processo de colonização da educação pública

The study presents a critical analysis of Parceiros da Educação (PdE), a Civil Society Organization of Public Interest (OSCIP) based in São Paulo, Brazil. It is an institution that aims at mediating partnerships between entrepreneurs or companies and public schools. Their objective is to implement an intervention program, prepared by PdE, in several dimensions of the school. The investigation presented here sought to categorize the organizational structure of OSCIP, through the analysis of the composition of its Executive Council, from 2009 to 2013. Based on the Marxist State theory, especially on the work of Antonio Gramsci and Nicos Poulantzas, the study sought to analyze critically the internal and external connections of OSCIP in the expanded State. The results show that PdE is an association run by very significant representatives of the bourgeoisie that operates in Brazil, especially financial capital. Its connections in the expanded State suggest a wide network of power involved in the colonization of public education, whose tentacles involve institutions like Todos pela Educação, political parties and key posts in the state apparatus.

Emerging Politics of SAARC in New Scenario and Women Political Representation

The SAARC (South Asian Association for regional countries) is a politically very important region. The political scenario in SAARC is undergoing various changes switching over from traditionalism towards Modernization. SAARC reflects a backward third world area, where women participation in the political sphere was considered as a forbidden fruit. The socio- cultural, economic and political factors are the major hurdle in the way of women’s representation. There is still vacuum in politics regarding women participation. Women leadership programmes are streamlining to bring women on key posts as Prime Ministers President, foreign ministers, speaker and opposition leader etc. This region has produced more female chief executives as compare to the rest of the world. The political awareness, women empowerment, role of media, constitution, society and international instruments played pivotal role bring women on forefront of politics. The zipper system of the world demands that there should be equivalent representation of male and female in the legislature.

A Hotspot Information Extraction Hybrid Solution of Online Posts’ Textual Data

Online posts have gradually become a major carrier of network public opinion in social media, and the social network hotspots are the important basis for the study of network public opinion. Therefore, it is significant to extract hotspots for monitoring Internet public opinion from online posts textual big data. However, the current hotspot extraction methods are focused on the users’ features that are based on textual big data with spam and low-quality content. Meanwhile, these methods seldomly consider the time span of posts and the popularity of users. Accordingly, this article presents a hotspots information extraction hybrid solution of online posts’ textual data. Firstly, a filtering strategy to obtain more high-quality textual data is designed. Secondly, the topic hot degree is presented by considering the average number of replies and the popularity of the participant. Thirdly, an improved co-word analysis technology is used to search the same topic posts and Bisecting k-means clustering algorithm using repliers’ popularity and key posts are designed for studying and monitoring the hotspots of online posts in a valid big data environment. Finally, the proposed algorithms are verified in experiments by extracting the hotspots of online posts from the dataset. The results show that the data filtering strategy can help to obtain more valuable information and decrease the computing time. The results also demonstrate that the proposed solution can help to obtain hotspots comparing the traditional methods, and the hot degree can reflect the trend of the online post by comparing the traditional methods.

Networks of Effectiveness? The Impact of Politicization on Bureaucratic Performance in Pakistan

Bureaucratic performance varies immensely even within low-capacity states. Politicians and bureaucrats create pockets or networks of effectiveness that allow some departments to perform more efficiently than others. How do these networks develop and how are politicized bureaucratic appointments used to influence performance? Drawing on qualitative fieldwork conducted in Punjab, Pakistan, this paper argues that politicians and bureaucrats ensure enhanced performance by making legal and extra-legal appointments of hand-picked bureaucrats to key posts. The choice of bureaucrat is made on the basis of carefully curated relationships of patronage established through work, training, and old school networks. As a result, temporary networks of effectiveness are created but rendered unsustainable by the very patronage relationships that create them, preventing them from evolving into more permanent pockets of effectiveness. More broadly, my argument contributes to debates on intra-state capacity and politicization, establishing a link between patterns of staffing and patterns of governance.

DMD & BMD – CLINICAL: P.51 DMD Hub: demonstrating impact for DMD trials

The DMD Hub, initiated in 2015, is an innovative collaboration between Duchenne UK, leading UK neuromuscular centres of excellence and the National health service (NHS) with the aim of increasing capacity for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) trials and improving trial readiness. With investment exceeding £2.7million, the DMD Hub has facilitated the sharing of expertise and has successfully developed a network of trial-ready centres in the UK able to take on interventional trials in DMD. The DMD Hub has funded 30 key posts including doctors, nurses, physiotherapists and clinical trial coordinators at the two centres of excellence (JWMDRC Newcastle and GOSH London) as well as at 9 additional trial sites across the UK.

Eleições em São Paulo do século XIX: uma pletora de leis, votantes e votos em disputa

Este artigo procurará abordar, no contexto da província de São Paulo da segunda metade do Oitocentos, alguns aspectos do problema das eleições no Brasil Império, distanciando-se da perspectiva do “falseamento institucional”. De um lado, as leis eleitorais e sucessivos regulamentos do governo imperial eram mobilizados e disputados pelos agentes partidários das localidades, que buscavam controlar os postos-chave nas juntas e mesas que organizavam e realizavam os pleitos. De outro, os votantes e seus votos, cujos significados eram muito distintos dos atuais, eram ativamente disputados por aqueles mesmos agentes, ao mesmo tempo que podiam ser participantes ativos dessas disputas, desde que canalizassem seus anseios e buscassem negociar sua participação no interior das redes que constituíam as forças eleitorais em cada localidade.

Phytocommunicability and Cross-Species Sociality

ABSTRACT What vegetal modalities and botanic intertwinings situate cross-species communications and collectivities, and for whom? In much anthropological writing of previous eras, plants have served as a medium for analysing human sociality. Their ubiquitous presence and seemingly sessile silence, invisibility, anosmia and backgrounding have been one of the key posts of twentieth-century social and economic theory, despite the voices arguing for otherwise socialities. Recent work has moved plants to the fore to rethink our understandings of many core anthropological themes. This special issue adds to that work by foregrounding phytocommunicability, the ideologies about cross-species interaction shaping the kinds of work we do, observe, and make visible ethnographically.

The United Nations and the North-South Partnership: Connecting the Past to the Future

AbstractAs part of the special issue on “The United Nations at Seventy-Five: Looking Back to Look Forward,” this essay connects the past of the United Nations to its future from the perspective of the Global South. When the UN was created, most developing countries were colonies that played no role in writing the rules and designing the architecture of the post-1945 UN-centric global multilateral order. Today, countries in the Global South command a majority of the UN membership, but still mostly function as norm takers and are severely underrepresented in the UN Security Council—which functions as the geopolitical cockpit—and also in the senior ranks of the UN system, in the key posts in the Secretariat, and in the UN's funds and agencies. Gradually, however, these countries are using their numerical strength to give voice to their distinctive preferences, priorities, and values. This essay provides a broad-brush sketch of the changing nature of the North-South partnership on the UN's four overarching normative mandates of security, development, environment, and human rights. It includes a brief comment on the coronavirus pandemic within the framework of its main narrative of the continuing need for a UN-centric North-South partnership.

Designing an Optimal Pattern of Assessing Native and Non-Native Managers’ Performance in Hormozgan Province, Iran

Nowadays, the issue of public sector managers’ responsiveness to their actions in the newmanagerial environment is addressed more intensely. Therefore, in the modern attitude,assessing managers’ performance as a framework for implementing strategies and policies,achieving organizational goals, and their responsiveness to beneficiaries and the society isconsidered. This study aims to develop an optimal pattern to assess native and non-nativemanagers’ performance in terms of four aspects of human, perceptual, and technical skillsas well as personal traits and measure their performance through the combination of 360 –degree feedback and analytic network process. The statistical population consists of twogroups of native and non-native managers in key posts in Hormozgan province. Therequired samples, who were selected through proportional stratified random sampling, forthe groups of native and non-native managers are respectively estimated to be 31 and 23.The indices of performance assessment were extracted through the meta-synthesis methodand validated using the Delphi technique and experts’ opinions. By combining 360-degreefeedback and analytic network process, native and non-native managers were appropriatelyranked, which this ranking can be applied to administrative agencies of HormozganProvince.

La construcción del milagro mexicano: el Instituto Mexicano de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, el Banco de México, y la Armour Research Foundation

Este trabajo explora la estrategia que siguió el gobierno mexicano para construir las capacidades tecnológicas que requería el desarrollo industrial del país. Estudiamos el papel central que jugó el Banco de México en este proceso, cuyos directivos supieron aprovechar la coyuntura económica y política que generó la segunda guerra mundial, para atraer al país la experiencia en materia de desarrollo tecnológico que venía acumulándose con gran pujanza en Estados Unidos. A diferencia de lo que suele destacarse del periodo, esta no fue una historia de aislacionismo, sino de cooperación internacional, en la que la visión de algunos mexicanos que ocupaban puestos clave en el gobierno se conjuntó con la de varios ingenieros y científicos norteamericanos y mexicanos para crear una institución clave para el desarrollo tecnológico del país: el Instituto Mexicano de Investigaciones Tecnológicas.