Key Ones Research Articles

Professional training of future teachers of biologists in studying the discipline «Evolutionary Teaching»

The article analyzes the curriculum for the discipline «Evolutionary Teaching» for future teachers of biologists at the SHEI «Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi Hryhoriy Skovoroda State Pedagogical University». The author points out the main tasks that future teachers of biologists are facing – methodological, cognitive and practical. The main themes of the course «Evolutionary Teaching» are described and the detailed description of the key topics of the lecture material is given. Pay attention to the mechanisms of disclosure of the material. The essence of the evolutionary doctrine, which lies in the interdisciplinary scientific field, combines research on molecular biology, genetics, biology of development, botany, zoology, ecology, anthropology, biogeography and paleontology.The author examines in detail the main professional competencies that are formed during the study of the key topics that manifest themselves in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of conservation and implementation of genetic information in organisms, analysis of the results of the interaction of living organisms of different levels of organization, their role in biospheric processes and the possibility of use in various fields of the economy, and environmental protection. It has been established that this course is one of the key ones, as in the process of its study students are significantly exposed to creativity in expressing their own thoughts; they independently predict the possible further development and change of living organisms in anthropogenic transformations, successfully make conclusions and formulate appropriate conclusions. It is noted that during the study of this course, the future teachers of biologists are formed by the professional ability to apply the acquired knowledge of the subject field for the formation of students general and substantive competences and a holistic natural science picture of the world through intersubject connections with physics, biology, geography, in accordance with requirements of the state standard in the educational field «Natural Science».

Methodological Aspects of the Commercialization of Intellectual Property as a Form of Entrepreneurial Activity in the Innovation Sphere

The article is devoted to the research of methodological aspects of commercialization of intellectual property objects as a form of entrepreneurial activity in the innovation sphere. The modern tendencies of development of the entrepreneurial environment of Ukraine in the conditions of knowledge economy are characterized and the role of intellectual property in the modern economy is defined. The importance of commercialization of intellectual property objects at the macro, meso and macro levels has been substantiated and the main dominant strategic development priorities have been established: speed of business processes and compliance with the target group of consumers on the basis of innovative development. The study identified differences in the commercialization of intellectual property objects from the commercialization of ordinary goods. The role of the state in the process of commercialization of intellectual property objects is argued and the process of transfer of intellectual property objects is constructed, as the main consecutive stages of which are defined: business incubator of ideas of intellectual property objects — creation of intellectual property objects — high-tech products (innovative services). Focusing on the economic aspect, the forms of commercialization of intellectual property under different conditions of use are defined and characterized — in own production, introduction of intellectual property rights in the authorized capital and transfer of ownership and use rights. Drawing on the experience of industrialized countries, there are certain benefits to the commercialization of intellectual property through the purchase of patents and licenses, including the most valuable foreign technology. The traditional approach to the identification of the stages of the life cycle of an intellectual property object has been improved, each of which graphically depicts the change in the economic effect (cash receipts and cash expenditures). In order to ensure high efficiency of the process of commercialization of intellectual property objects and increase their innovative activity at each stage of promotion of intellectual property objects on the market, the need to reorganize (transform) individual components of business models of subjects of managing the consumer market is argued. Considering the interdependence of the process of commercialization of intellectual property objects with strategic resources, as the key ones, the importance of the competencies, opportunities, and abilities of all participants of the process of commercialization have been identified and argued.

TERRITORIAL AUTONOMY AND NATIONAL MINORITIES’ RIGHTS: THE KURDISH QUESTION

In the article, the author analyzes the Kurdish question and national minorities’ rights. The aim of the article “Territorial Autonomy and National Minorities’ Rights: the Kurdish Question” is to analyze national minorities’ legal problems and the effect of religion on their solution. Territorial autonomy as an element of the territorial structure of a state is traditionally regarded as part of the state’s jurisdiction regulated by the national constitution. The research is based on a set of scientific methods, historical and comparative-legal approaches being the key ones. The historical method, used in the study, allows us to trace the evolution of approaches to territorial autonomy standards. The comparative-legal method, in its turn, permits us to compare different law enforcement norms. The article looks at the current problems related to the Kurdish question and its resolution.

BRITISH NOVEL SINCE 2000: ANTROPOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE POST-POSTMODERN WORLDVIEW

Purpose of the paper is to identify the anthropological specifics of the contemporary British novel, one of the key thematic complexes of which is the anthropological specificity of the new worldview. Theoretical basis of the study combines works on philosophy and history of literature presented in particular in the latest compendia of the contemporary British novel. Originality of the research is to reveal the philosophical parameters of thinking of the characters, which is determined by a tendency to the objectified, truthful from the point of view of historical and social image of the reality, visualizing a range of political, social and economic problems. For the first time, the latest British compendia of 2017-2018s, which emphasize the philosophical and anthropological peculiarities of the contemporary British novel, have been considered. The strategies of the functioning of the Other as an anthropological category of the present literature have been outlined, in particular, it is emphasized on the images of characters with autism and literary representation of the thinking of characters with Asperger’s syndrome. Conclusions. It has been proved that anthropological problems become key ones in post-postmodern discourse and determine the specifics of the development of the British novel after 2000s. The concept of anthroposphere, which determines the specificity of the problematic complexes of the contemporary British novel, is explored at the thematic level in novels that represent the latest literary process since 2000 The reasons for characterizing the thinking of characters with autism as the representatives of the new existentialism and humanism, which manifests itself in a number of worldviews, has been outlined and explained.

СТРАТЕГИЯ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ОНТОЛОГИИ СОБЫТИЯ

The article is devoted to interpreting strategy as an ontological phenomenon. The paper identifies prerequisites for the origin and existence of this phenomenon within the neo-European ontology. Among the key ones, the author emphasizes the privileged status of a transcendental subject performing the function of knowing/transforming the world. Strategy in this context comes out as a basic means to transform reality on the basis of rationality. Problematization of the basic provisions of the neo-European ontology in the modern philosophy leads to re-interpreting the status of a subject. Under such an approach, strategy is focused on the act of subjectivity localization, which serves as a virtual “world basis”.

Active Innovative Media as Co‐Evolutionary Landscapes

AbstractSome conceptual and methodological foundations of effective construction of active media for innovative development are developed in the article. The ideas of global evolutionism (or universal evolutionism), ecology understood in an extended sense, emergentism, time management, and the constructing the desirable futures are used as methodologically key ones. Evolutionism is understood in a broader sense than in the Darwin era, when it included the idea of multiplying the primary diversity of elements of living media and natural selection of the most viable forms of life based on this diversity. The modern evolutionism is founded mostly on the theory of complexity and non‐linear dynamics and includes the ideas cyclical evolution that is uneven in its pace, the appearance of emergent properties of systems at different hierarchical levels that come into existence in the course of evolution, the mutual activity of a system and its environment (active adaptation and enactive behaviour), the possibility and expediency of the influence of subjects of social action, and management on the course of evolutionary processes in complex active media (the choice of favourable evolutionary paths near points of instability, construction of trends, and future management).

Tourist Competitiveness of Polish Rural Areas

Purpose: The process of diversifying economic activity in rural areas and incorporating new non-agricultural and non-production functions into the rural space is currently one of the key determinants of development in these areas. A comparative assessment of Poland's competitiveness against selected European countries has been made in the study. The main objective was to present the conditions of international tourist competitiveness of rural areas in Poland in comparison to other European areas. Design/Methodology/Approach: An in-depth analysis of Poland's competitiveness as a tourist region against the European countries was carried out taking into consideration individual indicators of the second pillar. The study uses a synthetic tourist competitiveness index and panel regression to demonstrate the determinants of this phenomenon. Findings: On the basis of the conducted research, it has been shown that the natural and landscape value of Poland's agricultural areas is highly assessed on a European scale. Therefore, for many consumers in the European Union, Poland is increasingly seen as an attractive region for tourists. At the same time, the importance of these factors in the demand for tourist places has been demonstrated by distinguishing selected aspects of these conditions. Economic factors affecting internal demand as well as environmental and institutional conditions turned out to be the key ones. Practical Implications: The presented considerations are of great importance for practical reasons. They constitute an indicator which, under certain conditions can influence the increase of tourist competitive attractiveness of rural areas in an international perspective. Therefore, they allow to indicate the proper structure of investments and activities aimed at valuing public goods by both private and public entities. Originality/Value: The development of rural areas in the current conditions requires the development of non-agricultural and non-production functions. The article indicates the importance of individual resources and conditions in the proposed model. Not only was their role emphasized, but mutual relations between the factors considered were determined.

Artistic Reception of English World in Russian Literature of XIX Century (A.S. Khomyakov, I.S. Turgenev, I.A. Goncharov, L.N. Tolstoy)

The image of an Englishman in Russian literature of the nineteenth century is one of the key ones. Russian writers studied the Russian man and tried to model the future of the Russian world in relation with England and the British. The object of this article study was the works by A.S. Khomyakov, I.A. Goncharov, I.S. Turgenev and L.N. Tolstoy. The relevance of the topic is conditioned by the contemporary problems of the dialogue of cultures, the issues of Russian-English imagology, as well as the literary ways of understanding the “foreign”. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the English world reception in the works of writers of the XIXth century. The methodological basis of the study was the synthesis of traditional approaches (historical-literary, systemic-typological, comparative-historical) with the use of new research practices (“friend or foe” in the framework of mythopoetics, imagology, postcolonial theories). The methodological principles of these areas were used depending on the specific material and objectives. The poetry and journalism by A.S. Khomyakov reveal the statement of past and present successes of the British, their leading role. At the same time, the writer predicted the imminent fall of England; Russia should take its place in the global world. The "Frigate Pallas" by I.A. Goncharov portrayed all the strong and weak, positive and negative moments in the English merchant and in the British national lifestyle. This was done in order to learn a certain “lesson” for Russian life, to outline the prospects for its possible development. For I.S. Turgenev's English world was the reality with which the Russian man needed to relate himself and his future. L.N. Tolstoy's attitude to civilization was negative, and the British were associated with civilization in the 19th century. The images of England and its inhabitants, the English, by each of these writers were perceived in the context of correlation with Russian life. Except L.N. Tolstoy, all of them, to one degree or another, considered it possible and even necessary to introduce English values into Russian cultural and historical soil.

Estimation of the Closeness to a Semantic Pattern of a Topical Text without Construction of Periphrases

The paper considers the problem of numerical estimation of the closeness of a topical text to the most rational linguistic variant (i.e. semantic pattern or sense standard) of the description of the knowledge fragment it represents without paraphrasing. This problem is relevant when implementing targeted selection of text information by the maximum of the useful semantic component with respect to the tasks solved by the user. Examples of practical applications may include selection of papers for scientific publishing and design of training courses and educational portals. In the suggested solution, the basis of the estimate of the closeness of the text to the semantic pattern is the splitting of the words of each of its phrases into classes by the TF-IDF metric value relative to texts of a corpus preformed by an expert. Abstracts of scientific papers together with their titles are analyzed. The suggested numerical estimate of closeness to the sense standard makes it possible to rank articles by the significance of the described fragments of knowledge regarding a given subject area and by non-redundancy of the description itself. Here, the semantic images of the texts closest to the semantic pattern specify the words with the highest TF-IDF values, which, when placed next to each other in the linear series of a phrase, are, most probably, semantically related and form key combinations with words whose mentioned metric is close to average. To classify word combinations as key ones, the interpretation of the TF-IDF metric, estimating the number of simultaneous occurrences of all words in the analyzed combination into phrases of the individual document, is introduced.

LINGUIST-TRANSLATOR’S PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE: ITS ESSENCE AND CONTENT

The current article deals with the essence and content of the professional linguist-translators competence. The authors strongly consider that professional competence implies complex multi-dimensional category representing a range of separate key competences among which primarily is figured out a communicative competence including all its basic components. Communicative competence is viewed as an ability to use the language correctly in all the range of socially-determined situations. Communicative competence consists of several principal competences such as linguistic competence, discourse competence and sociocultural competence forming its core. Along with communicative competence within a structure of linguist-translators professional competence one can figure out a set of special competences depicting the specificity of a translators job. The key ones are presented by text-forming competence, technical competence and information-technological competence implying the practical usage of modern information technologies connected with a foreign texts automatic processing, automatic annotation, abstracting and a foreign texts translation.The article displays the model of future linguist-translators professional competence formation, which includes above all previously mentioned competences, the teaching materials along with practical course of technical translations curriculum, bilingual learning automotive thesaurus and special manual training French-Russian technical translation skills. The main goal of our pedagogical model, above introducing it into educational process, is to ensure the efficiency of future linguist-translators professional competence.

Estimating the Needed Volume of Investment in a Public–Private Partnership to Develop a Regional Energy/Freight Transportation Infrastructure

ABSTRACTA decision-support tool for estimating the volume of investment in developing a regional energy/freight transportation infrastructure is proposed. The tool provides the estimates of the required investment volume and those of the expected amount of revenue that the infrastructure functioning may generate. These estimates are key ones in negotiations with private investors on forming a potential public–private partnership to finance the infrastructure development. The tool includes (a) a mathematical model underlying the formulations of three optimization problems on its basis depending on the information available to the decision-makers—two mixed programming problems and a minimax problem, which is proven to be reducible to a mixed programming one with all integer variables being Boolean, (b) a standard software package for solving mixed programming problems, and (c) a software package for processing data. The results of testing the proposed tool on sets of model data taken from open sources are discussed.

ФРГ и трансформационные процессы в сфере безопасности: подход партии «альтернатива для Германии»

The present paper continues a series of studies on current approaches to transforming security in the Federal Republic of Germany. The novelty of the study is to analyze the views of the “Alternative for Germany” Party, which advocates the renationaliza-tion of the fo-reign po-licy and security policy, as well as Germany’s claim to leadership in Europe. Furthermore the Party declares the necessity of normalization of relations with Russia, and that in-creases the significance of the study of its line by Russian scientists. The articles considers docu-ments of the party program, which the author con-siders as the key ones. The present work has no theoretical value, due to its subject. The author was bound to refuse from any practical recommenda-tions since the approach of the “Alternative For Germany” Party presents just one of the possible variants of the future course of events, and the arti-cle emphasizes this point.

Economic and Mathematical Models and Tools Development for Forecasting the Level of Attractiveness of Russian Cities

The subject of the research is the factors influencing the attractiveness of Russian cities for the population, business and tourism. The objects of the research via economic and mathematical methods are the cities of the Russian Federation with population over 100 thousand people and the parameters of their social-economic development. The purpose of the research is economic and mathematical modeling of the attractiveness change level of Russian cities. In the course of the research a system of regressive equations has been formed, and a corresponding dispersion analysis has been conducted. As the factors influencing the attractiveness of cities for people the authors detected the following ones: the number of residents, housing, payroll rate, crime rate, and medical service density. To evaluate the attractiveness of cities for businesses the authors study the production volume, the volume of retail trade turnover, and the number of people living in the city. On the whole, the regression equations obtained meet the case and can be used henceforward with the aim of forecasting the change of indicators under study. Functional blocks of tools for monitoring and forecasting attractiveness levels of cities are proposed. The key ones are the blocks of forming the task, creating scenarios, forecasting, information analysis, regions rating forming, results visualization. It is concluded that being an integral system, models of cities’ attractiveness for people, business and tourism supplement each other and make it possible to fulfill a comprehensive approach to solving the problem. The results obtained can be used by the authorities in order to solve problems concerning integrated territorial development of the Russian Federation.

Innovative Supplier Partnership Assessment Model in a Polish Trading Enterprise

The relationship between a company and a supplier is a strategic resource for both parties. Therefore, the necessity to develop a mechanism of an integrated approach to cooperation with suppliers, which is based on partnership, is becoming more and more pronounced. Such an approach necessitates taking into consideration an abundance of factors accompanying cooperation within a mutual venture. These factors may include: compatibility of businesses – similar values, organizational cultures, and goals or the philosophy and management methods. The objective of the article is to present a supplier partnership assessment model as implemented in a Polish trading enterprise, as well as proposed assessment criteria and methods. Verification of the criteria applied to suppliers has been performed on the example of Centrum Projekcji Multimedialnych, which is a dealer of the following companies: inFocus, Sony, Sanyo, Toshiba, Epson, Panasonic, and 3M. Operational data of the company have been used for that purpose; in turn, the assessment and selection of the key suppliers took place through the use of the following methods: ABC analysis, scoring, the graphics method, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process method. Out of 18 suppliers that the company cooperates with on an ongoing basis, six key ones were selected. The results of supplier partnerships suggest that some criteria applicable to the company’s suppliers are more significant than others, and that they are the ones which ought to underlie the system of such assessment. The presented supplier partnership assessment model allows selecting suppliers that will be providing best quality goods at the lowest price.

Composition and Functions of Tools in Banking Supervision in Post-Soviet Republics (Russia and Tajikistan)

The article studies the most widely used tools of banking supervision, such as macro-economic control, distributive and structural control, finance sanitation. Among regulation tools of central banks a special role is attributed to normative and legal acts, methodological and preventive tools. The authors propose to divide all tools of banking supervision into two big categories: control and supervision (key ones) and tools of regulation (extra ones). One of the most important analytical tools meant to provide estimation of potential losses of credit organizations in case of economic recessions is macro-prudential stress-testing. It was grounded that tools of banking supervision and regulation cannot always allow us to reach a goal set by central banks of post-soviet countries, i.e. to lower the inflation rate. Cut in Inflation rate should not be the main goal of regulators. During the transition period in economy central banks should resolve wider range of tasks and use tools of banking supervision and regulation.

Central bank Digital Currencies: Key Characteristics and Directions of Influence on Monetary and Credit and Payment Systems

The article is devoted to the study of prospects for digital currency issue by central banks as a new form of central bank money and to the potential of their influence on monetary and credit system. The aim of the article is to interpret and classify central bank digital currencies, to identify key characteristics of digital currencies and possible models of their issue, as well as to define the main directions of influence of digital currencies on the monetary and credit and payment systems. The scientific novelty of the article is in the systematization and comparison of different ideas about the implementation of sovereign digital currencies considering the use of distributed registry technologies. The study analyzed the projects of central banks on the issue of digital currencies and identified their features. Possible directions of influence of central bank digital currencies on the monetary and credit policy of the Central Bank and the activities of credit institutions were determined. It revealed that central bank digital currencies can be considered as a new form of money of the Central Bank, which can be issued to be used both in retail and in wholesale payments. Digital currencies may differ in some characteristics. The key ones are: a way to integrate into the monetary and credit system; emission technology; currency storage method; mechanism of mutual settlements and anonymity level. The study showed that the main incentives for introducing digital currencies are the possibility to provide an alternative and universally accessible legal means of payment, as well as to provide faster, more transparent and cheaper in-country and cross-border payments. The influence of digital currencies on the monetary and credit system and the monetary and credit policy of the Central Bank will largely depend on the scenario of their system integration. If cash is simply replaced in circulation by digital currencies, the effect on the Central Bank monetary and credit system and policy will not be significant. However, if central bank digital currencies are issued as an addition to cash, or are in parallel circulation, they can strengthen the transmission mechanism of the monetary and credit policy and increase the centralization of assets on the Central Bank balance sheet, as well as reduce the funding provided by credit institutions.

Facilitators and challenges of community action for health. Comparative analysis of four case studies in neighbourhoods of Barcelona

ABSTRACT In a context of welfare austerity and growing inequalities many citizens ask for public sector reforms in the health sector and for community action as a relevant practice. However, analyses of community action for health are still limited to single actions. For this reason, this article analyzes community action for health as a whole process of a public intervention in the neighbourhood context, including multiple actors and actions. Based on research on four disadvantaged districts in Barcelona, we develop and apply an analytical tool that allows to identify facilitators and challenges of community action for health on three dimensions of policy: symbolic (why), substantive (what) and operational (how). In this regard, several factors emerge as key ones: generating a shared discourse on health and its assets, developing a common and integral agenda (health promotion, prevention and treatment), ensuring institutional recognition and improving participation and involvement at all times of the different agents.

Fault Diagnosis of Complex Processes Using Sparse Kernel Local Fisher Discriminant Analysis.

As an outstanding discriminant analysis technique, Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) gained extensive attention in supervised dimensionality reduction and fault diagnosis fields. However, it typically ignores the multimodality within the measured data, which may cause infeasibility in practice. In addition, it generally incorporates all process variables without emphasizing the key faulty ones when modeling the complex process, thus leading to degraded fault classification capability and poor model interpretability. To ease the above two drawbacks of conventional FDA, this brief presents an advantageously sparse local FDA (SLFDA) model, it first preserves the within-class multimodality by introducing local weighting factors into scatter matrix. Then, the responsible faulty variables are identified automatically through the elastic net algorithm, and the current optimization problem is subsequently settled through the feasible gradient direction method. Since then, the local data structure characteristics are exploited from both the sample dimension and variable dimension so that the fault diagnosis performance and model interpretability are significantly enhanced. In addition, we naturally extend SLFDA model to nonlinear variant (i.e., sparse kernel local FDA) by the kernel trick, which is substantially more resistant to strong nonlinearity. The simulation studies on Tennessee Eastman (TE) benchmark process and real-world diesel engine working process both validate that the novel diagnosis strategy is more accurate and reliable than the existing state-of-the-art methods.

From Central to Specialized Metabolism: An Overview of Some Secondary Compounds Derived From the Primary Metabolism for Their Role in Conferring Nutritional and Organoleptic Characteristics to Fruit.

Fruit flavor and nutritional characteristics are key quality traits and ones of the main factors influencing consumer preference. Central carbon metabolism, also known as primary metabolism, contributes to the synthesis of intermediate compounds that act as precursors for plant secondary metabolism. Specific and specialized metabolic pathways that evolved from primary metabolism play a key role in the plant’s interaction with its environment. In particular, secondary metabolites present in the fruit serve to increase its attractiveness to seed dispersers and to protect it against biotic and abiotic stresses. As a consequence, several important organoleptic characteristics, such as aroma, color, and fruit nutritional value, rely upon secondary metabolite content. Phenolic and terpenoid compounds are large and diverse classes of secondary metabolites that contribute to fruit quality and have their origin in primary metabolic pathways, while the delicate aroma of ripe fruits is formed by a unique combination of hundreds of volatiles that are derived from primary metabolites. In this review, we show that the manipulation of primary metabolism is a powerful tool to engineer quality traits in fruits, such as the phenolic, terpenoid, and volatile content. The enzymatic reactions responsible for the accumulation of primary precursors are bottlenecks in the transfer of metabolic flux from central to specialized metabolism and should be taken into account to increase the yield of the final products of the biosynthetic pathways. In addition, understanding the connection and regulation of the carbon flow between primary and secondary metabolism is a key factor for the development of fruit cultivars with enhanced organoleptic and nutritional traits.

Innovation policy-making in the upstream oil and gas industry as a large technical system under economic transition

PurposeInnovation and technology development policy-making naturally encounters numerous uncertainties and complexities, especially in developing countries, for the sake of the prevailing prospect of decision makers focusing on hard evidences, and neglecting key and effective social ones; in this research, a context-based method by means of Q-methodology was designed to facilitate policy-making for complex systems by bridging between policy and practices (latent in viewpoints) through providing context-based evidences.Design/methodology/approachDue to the nature of knowledge-based systems, the performance of Innovation and Technology Development (ITD) systems is highly dependent on the standpoints of key players/stakeholders of the system. In consideration of Iran’s economy characteristics, Upstream Oil and Gas (UOG) Industry, which is one of the complex Large Technical Systems (LTS), was selected as a case study. Regarding the features of LTSs, the designed model was completed by adding hierarchical clustering method, as well as using the framework of innovation and technology learning transition model to analyze the results.FindingsThe results showed the capability of the model in providing credible evidences to inform policy-making processes.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first real experiences which used Q-method for providing evidence-based policy-making model in a complex Large Technical System, namely, Upstream Oil and Gas (UOG) Industry.